[Make the following changes to Subappendix 13-B:] 

APPENDIX 13-B
SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION FOR SUBCHAPTER 13-4

B1.0 General Requirements  

B1.1 Testing Procedures.
B1.1.1 Building Material Thermal Properties. If building material R-values or thermal conductivities are determined by testing, one of the following test procedures shall be used:
a. ASTM C177,
b. ASTM C236,
c. ASTM C518, or
d. ASTM C976.
For concrete, the oven-dried conductivity shall be multiplied by 1.2 to reflect the moisture content as typically installed.
B1.1.2 Assembly U-Factors. If assembly U-factors are determined by testing, one of the following test procedures shall be used: 
a. ASTM C236 or
b. ASTM C976.
Product samples tested shall be production line material or representative of material as purchased by the consumer or contractor. If the assembly is too large to be tested at one time in its entirety, then either a representative portion shall be tested or different portions shall be tested separately and a weighted average determined. To be representative, the portion tested shall include edges of panels, joints with other panels, typical framing percentages, and thermal bridges.
B1.1.3 Fenestrations and Doors. Product samples used for determining fenestration performance shall be production line units or representative of units as purchased by the consumer or contractor. 

B1.2 Calculation Procedures and Assumptions. The following procedures and assumptions shall be used for all calculations. R-values for air films, insulation, and building materials shall be taken from Sections B1.2.1 through B1.2.3, respectively. In addition, the appropriate assumptions listed in Sections B2.1 through B2.5, including framing factors, shall be used.
B1.2.1 Air Films: Prescribed R-values for air films shall be as follows:
R-Value 	Condition
0.17		All exterior surfaces
0.46 		All semi-exterior surfaces
0.61		Interior horizontal surfaces, heat flow up
0.92		Interior horizontal surfaces, heat flow down
0.68		Interior vertical surfaces
B1.2.1.1 Exterior surfaces are areas exposed to the wind. 
B1.2.1.2 Semi-exterior surfaces are protected surfaces that face attics, crawl spaces, and parking garages with natural or mechanical ventilation. 
B1.2.1.3 Interior surfaces are surfaces within enclosed spaces.  
B1.2.1.4 The R-value for cavity airspaces shall be taken from Table B-1 based on the emissivity of the cavity from Table B-2. No credit shall be given for airspaces in cavities that contain any insulation or less than 1/2 inch (12.7 mm). The values for 3 ½ inch (84 mm) cavities shall be used for cavities of that width and greater.
B1.2.2 Insulation R-values: Insulation R-values shall be determined as follows:
a. For insulation that is not compressed, the rated R-value of insulation shall be used.
b. For calculation purposes, the effective R-value for insulation that is uniformly compressed in confined cavities shall be taken from Table B-3.
c. For calculation purposes, the effective R-value for insulation installed in cavities in attic roofs with steel joists shall be taken from Table B-18.
d. For calculation purposes, the effective R-value for insulation installed in cavities in steel-framed walls shall be taken from Table B-17.
B1.2.3 Building Material Thermal Properties: R-values for building materials shall be taken from Table B-4. Concrete block R-values shall be calculated using the isothermal planes method or a two-dimensional calculation program, thermal conductivities from Table B-5 and dimensions from ASTM C90. The parallel path calculation method is not acceptable.
Exception: R-values for building materials or thermal conductivities determined from testing in accordance with Section B1.1
B1.2.4 Building Material Heat Capacities: The heat capacity of assemblies shall be calculated using published values for the unit weight and specific heat of all building material components that make up the assembly.
B1.2.5 3 Architectural drawings. [13-401.2.A]All components of the building envelope in the proposed design shall be modeled as shown on architectural drawings or as installed for existing building envelopes.
Exceptions: The following building elements are permitted to differ from architectural drawings.
1. Any envelope assembly that covers less than 5 percent of the total area of that assembly type (e.g., exterior walls) need not be separately described. If not separately described, the area of an envelope assembly must be added to the area of the adjacent assembly of that same type.
2. Exterior surfaces whose azimuth orientation and tilt differ by no more than 45 degrees and are otherwise the same may be described as either a single surface or by using multipliers.

1.3 Insulation Installation. Insulation materials shall be installed in accordance with the insulation installation standards listed in Table 6C-2 of Appendix C and in such a manner as to achieve rated R-value of insulation. Open-blown or poured loose-fill insulation shall not be used in attic roof spaces when the slope of the ceiling is more than three in twelve. When eave vents are installed, baffling of the vent openings shall be provided to deflect the incoming air above the surface of the insulation.
Exception: Where metal building roof and metal building wall insulation is compressed between the roof or wall skin and the structure.
1.3.1 Substantial Contact. Insulation shall be installed in a permanent manner in substantial contact with the inside surface in accordance with manufacturer’s recommendations for the framing system used. Flexible batt insulation installed in floor cavities shall be supported in a permanent manner by supports no greater than 24 inches (610 mm) on center (o.c.).
Exception: Insulation materials that rely on airspaces adjacent to reflective surfaces for their rated performance.
1.3.2 Recessed Equipment. Lighting fixtures; heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning equipment, including wall heaters, ducts, and plenums; and other equipment shall not be recessed in such a manner as to affect the insulation thickness unless:
1. The total combined area affected (including necessary clearances) is less than one percent of the opaque area of the assembly, or
2. The entire roof, wall, or floor is covered with insulation to the full depth required, or
3. The effects of reduced insulation are included in calculations using an area-weighted average method and compressed insulation values obtained from Table B-3.
In all cases, air leakage through or around the recessed equipment to the conditioned space shall be limited in accordance with Section 13-406.1.ABC.1.2.
1.3.3 Location of Roof Insulation. The roof insulation shall not be installed on a suspended ceiling with removable ceiling panels.
1.3.34 Insulation Protection. Exterior insulation shall be covered with a protective material to prevent damage from sunlight, moisture, landscaping operations, equipment maintenance, and wind. In attics and mechanical rooms, a way to access equipment that prevents damaging or compressing the insulation shall be provided. Foundation vents shall not interfere with the insulation. Insulation materials in ground contact shall have a water absorption rate no greater than .3 percent when tested in accordance with ASTM C272.

B1.4  Assembly U-Factor, C-Factor and F-Factor Determination, General 
B1.4.1 Pre-Calculated Assembly U-Factors, C-Factors, F-Factors, or Heat Capacities. The U-factors, C-factors, F-factors, and heat capacities for typical construction assemblies are included in B2.1 through B2.5. These values shall be used for all calculations unless otherwise allowed by applicant-determined assembly U-factors, C-factors, F-factors, or heat capacities B1.4.2. Interpolation between values in a particular table in Appendix B is allowed for rated R-values of insulation, including insulated sheathing. Extrapolation beyond values in a table in this appendix Appendix B is not allowed.
B1.4.2 Applicant-Determined Assembly U-Factors, C-Factors, F-Factors, or Heat Capacities. If the building official determines that the proposed construction assembly is not adequately represented in Sections B2.1 through B2.5, the applicant shall determine appropriate values for the assembly using the assumptions in Section B1.5. An assembly is deemed to be adequately represented if: 
a. the interior structure, hereafter referred to as the base assembly, for the class of construction is the same as described in Sections B2.1 through B2.5 and
b. changes in exterior or interior surface building materials added to the base assembly do not increase or decrease the R-value by more than 2 from that indicated in the descriptions in Sections B2.1 through B2.5.  
Insulation, including insulated sheathing, is not considered a building material.

B1.5 Determination of Alternate Assembly U-Factors, C-Factors, F-Factors, or Heat Capacities.  Where the designer chooses to utilize alternate assembly configurations or uses values other than those found in Appendix B2.0 below, the procedures of this section shall be followed.
B1.5.1 General. U-factors for fenestration shall be determined in accordance with B1.1.3 or B2.1 only. U-factors for opaque doors shall be determined in accordance with B1.1.3 or B2.3 only. Component U-factors for other opaque assemblies shall be determined in accordance with Section B1.5 only if approved by the building official in accordance with the applicant-determined assembly U-factors, C-factors, F-factors, or heat capacities B1.4.2. The procedures required for each class of construction are specified in Section B1.5.2. Testing shall be performed in accordance with Section B1.1. Calculations shall be performed in accordance with Section B1.2.
B1.5.2 Required Procedures. Two- or three-dimensional finite difference and finite volume computer models shall be an acceptable alternative method to calculating the thermal performance values for all assemblies and constructions listed below. The following procedures in this section shall also be permitted to determine all alternative U-factors, F-factors, and C-factors:
B1.5.2.1 Above-Grade Walls.
(1) Mass walls: testing or the isothermal planes calculation method or two-dimensional calculation method. The parallel path calculation method is not acceptable.
(2) Metal building walls: testing.
(3) Steel-framed walls: testing or parallel path calculation method using the insulation/framing layer adjustment factors in Table B-17 or the modified zone method.
(4) Wood-framed walls: testing or parallel path calculation method.
(5) Other walls: testing or two-dimensional calculation method.
B1.5.2.2 Below-Grade Walls.
(1) Mass walls: testing or the isothermal planes calculation method or two-dimensional calculation method. The parallel path calculation method is not acceptable.
(2) Other walls: testing or two-dimensional calculation method.
B1.5.2.3 Roofs.
(1) Roofs with insulation entirely above deck: testing or series calculation method.
(2) Metal building roofs: testing.
(3) Attic roofs, wood joists: testing or parallel path calculation method.
(4) Attic roofs, steel joists: testing or parallel path calculation method using the insulation/framing layer adjustment factors in Table B-18 or modified zone calculation method.
(5) Attic roofs, concrete joists: testing or parallel path calculation method if concrete is solid and uniform or isothermal planes calculation method if concrete has hollow sections.
(6) Other attic roofs and other roofs: testing or two dimensional calculation method.
B1.5.2.4 Floors.
(1) Mass floors: testing or parallel path calculation method if concrete is solid and uniform or isothermal planes calculation method if concrete has hollow sections.
(2) Steel joist floors: testing or modified zone calculation method.
(3) Wood joist floors: testing or parallel path calculation method or isothermal planes calculation method.
(4) Other floors: testing or two-dimensional calculation method.
(5) Slab-on-Grade Floors: no testing or calculations allowed.

TABLE B-1
Emittance Values of Various Surfaces and Effective Emittances of Air Spaces

Surface	Average Emittance e	Effective Emittance e eff of Air Space	
		One Surface e; Other, 0.9	Both Surfaces Emittance e	
Aluminum foil,bright	0.05	0.05	0.03	
				
Aluminum foil,with condensate just visible(>0.7gr/ft2)	0.3	0.29	-	
				
Aluminum foil,with condensate clearly visible(>2.9gr/ft2)	0.7	0.65	-	
				
Aluminum sheet	0.12	0.12	0.06	
				
Aluminum coated paper,polished	0.2	0.2	0.11	
				
Steel,galv.,bright	0.25	0.24	0.15	
				
Aluminum paint	0.5	0.47	0.35	
				
Bldg materials: wood, paper, masonry, nonmetallic paints	0.9	0.82	0.82	
				
Regular glass	0.84	0.77	0.72	

TABLE B-2
R-Values for Cavity Air Spaces
Component	Airspace Thickness (in.)	R-Value	
		Effective Emissivity	
		0.03	0.05	0.20	0.50	0.82	
	0.5	2.13	2.04	1.54	1.04	0.77	
							
	0.75	2.33	2.22	1.64	1.09	0.8	
							
	1.5	2.53	2.41	1.75	1.13	0.82	
							
	3.5	2.83	2.66	1.88	1.19	0.85	
							
Wall	0.5	2.54	2.43	1.75	1.13	0.82	
							
	0.75	3.58	3.32	2.18	1.3	0.9	
							
	1.5	3.92	3.62	2.3	1.34	0.93	
							
	3.5	3.67	3.4	2.21	1.31	0.91	
							
Floor	0.5	2.55	1.28	1	0.69	0.53	
							
	0.75	1.44	1.38	1.06	0.73	0.54	
							
	1.5	2.49	2.38	1.76	1.15	0.85	
							
	3.5	3.08	2.9	2.01	1.26	0.9	

TABLE B-3 
Effective R-Values for Fiberglass

Insulation R-Value at Standard Thickness	
Rated R-
Standard

Nominal Lumber Size (in.)	Value
Thickness (in.)	38	30	22	21	19	15	13	11	
		12	9.5	6.5	5.5	6	3.5	3.5	3.5	
	
Actual Depth of Cavity (in.)	Effective Insulation R-Values when Installed in a Confined cavity	
2x12	11.25	37	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	
2x10	9.25	32	30	-	-	-	-	-	-	
2x8	7.25	27	26	22	21	19	-	-	-	
2x6	5.5		21	20	21	18		-	-	
2x4	3.5		-	14	-	13	15	13	11	
	2.5		-	-	-	-	-	9.8		
	1.5		-	-	-	-	-	6.3	6	

TABLE B-4 
R-Values for Building Materials
Material	Nominal Size (in.)	Actual Size (in.)	R-Value	
	-	-	1.23	
Concrete at R-0.0625/in.	-	2	0.13	
	-	4	0.25	
	-	6	0.38	
	-	8	0.5	
	-	10	0.63	
	-	12	0.75	
Flooring, wood subfloor	-	0.75	0.94	
Gypsum board	-	0.5	0.45	
	-	0.625	0.56	
Metal deck	-	-	0	
Roofing, built-up	-	0.375	0.33	
Sheathing, vegetable fiber board, 0.78 in.	-	0.78	2.06	
Soil at R-0.104/in.	-	12	1.25	
Steel, mild		1	0.0031807	
Stucco	-	0.75	0.08	
Wood, 2 x 4 at R-1.25/in.	4	3.5	4.38	
Wood, 2 x 6 at R-1.25/in.	6	5.5	6.88	
Wood, 2 x 8 at R-1.25/in.	8	7.25	9.06	
Wood, 2 x 10 at R-1.25/in.	10	9.25	11.56	
Wood, 2 x 12 at R-1.25/in.	12	11.25	14.06	
Wood, 2 x 14 at R-1.25/in.	14	13.25	16.56	

TABLE B-5 
Thermal Conductivity of Concrete Block Material
Concrete Block
Density in lb/ft3	Thermal Conductivity in Btu·in./h·ft2·°F	
80	3.7	
		
85	4.2	
		
90	4.7	
		
95	5.1	
		
100	5.5	
		
105	6.1	
		
110	6.7	
		
115	7.2	
		
120	7.8	
		
125	8.9	
		
130	10	
		
135	11.8	
		
140	13.5	

B2.0 Building Envelope Characteristics
B2.1 Fenestration. All fenestration with U-factors, SHGC, or visible light transmittance determined, certified, and labeled in accordance with NFRC 100, 200, and 300, respectively, as specified in B1.1.3 shall be assigned those values. U-factors (thermal transmittances) of fenestration products (windows, doors and skylights) shall be determined by an accredited, independent laboratory in accordance with National Fenestration Rating Council 100, Procedure for Determining Fenestration Product U-Factors. The Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) for glazed fenestration products (windows, glazed doors and skylights) shall be determined in accordance with National Fenestration Rating Council 200, Procedure for Determining Fenestration Product Solar Heat Gain Coefficients at Normal Incidence. Visible light transmittance shall be determined in accordance with NFRC 200 and shall be verified and certified by the manufacturer.
B2.1.1 [13-104.4.5] Fenestration Energy Rating Labels. Energy performance values (i.e. U-factor, Solar Heat Gain Coefficient) of fenestration products (i.e. windows, doors and skylights) shall be determined by an accredited, independent laboratory and labeled and certified by the manufacturer. Such certified and labeled fenestration energy ratings shall be accepted for the purposes of determining compliance with the building envelope requirements of this code.
B2.1.2 Unlabeled fenestrations. Where the specified energy performance (U-factor or Solar Heat Gain Coefficient) of the fenestration product is not labeled nor readily apparent, the default procedures outlined in Tables B-6, B-7 and B-8 of this Appendix for U-factor and SHGC shall be used to determine code compliance by subchapter 4. Product features must be verifiable for the product to qualify for the default value associated with those features. Where the existence of a particular feature cannot be determined with reasonable certainty, the product shall not receive credit for that feature. Where a composite of materials from two different product types are used, the product shall be assigned the worst value.
B2.1.2.1 Unlabeled Skylights. Unlabeled skylights shall be assigned the U-factors in Table B-6 and are allowed to use the SHGCs and visible light transmittances in Table B-7. The metal with thermal break frame category shall not be used unless all frame members have a thermal break equal to or greater than 1/4 in.
B2.1.2.2 Unlabeled Vertical Fenestration. Unlabeled vertical fenestration, both operable and fixed, shall be assigned the U-factors, SHGCs, and visible light transmittances in Table B-8. No credit shall be given for any other features, including metal frames with thermal breaks, low-emissivity coatings, gas fillings, or insulating spacers, other than as determined in accordance with B1.1.3.
B2.1.3 [13-401.2.AB.4] Shading devices
2.1.3.1 Overhangs.  Shading may be by recessing the glazing into the building structure, by permanently mounted overhangs and projections or by permanently mounted sun shades with adequate air movement between the shading device and the fenestration.  Complying overhangs shall be completely opaque and have the effect of being solid.  Overhangs with slots, slats, grids and other openings are not considered if the sun can penetrate through at any occurring angle.  Overhangs shall extend horizontally to points even with the left and right sides of the glazing.  
B2.1.3.2 [13-401.2.B.3]  Shell Buildings. Only those shading devices that are installed at the time of construction of the building shell shall be considered when determining compliance for shell buildings.

TABLE B-6
Assembly U-Factors for Unlabeled Skylights
Product Type	Sloped Installation	
	Unlabeled Skylight with Curb
(Includes glass/plastic, flat/domed, fixed/operable)	Unlabeled Skylight without Curb
(Includes glass/plastic, flat/domed, fixed/operable)	
Frame Type	Aluminum without Thermal Break	Aluminum with Thermal Break	Reinforced Vinyl/ Aluminum Clad Wood	Wood/ Vinyl	Aluminum without Thermal Break	Aluminum with Thermal Break	Structural Glazing	
ID	Glazing Type								
	Single Glazing								
1	1/8" glass	1.98	1.89	1.75	1.47	1.36	1.25	1.25	
2	1/4" acrylic/polycarb	1.82	1.73	1.6	1.31	1.21	1.1	1.1	
3	1/8" acrylic/polycarb	1.9	1.81	1.68	1.39	1.29	1.18	1.18	
	Double Glazing								
4	1/4" airspace	1.31	1.11	1.05	0.84	0.82	0.7	0.66	
5	1/2" airspace	1.3	1.1	1.04	0.84	0.81	0.69	0.65	
6	1/4" argon space	1.27	1.07	1	0.8	0.77	0.66	0.62	
7	1/2" argon space	1.27	1.07	1	0.8	0.77	0.66	0.62	
	Double Glazing, e=0.60 on	surface 2 or 3							
8	1/4" airspace	1.27	1.08	1.01	0.81	0.78	0.67	0.63	
9	1/2" airspace	1.27	1.07	1	0.8	0.77	0.66	0.62	
10	1/4" argon space	1.23	1.03	0.97	0.76	0.74	0.63	0.58	
11	1/2" argon space	1.23	1.03	0.97	0.76	0.74	0.63	0.58	
	Double Glazing, e=0.40 on	surface 2 or 3							
12	1/4" airspace	1.25	1.05	0.99	0.78	0.76	0.64	0.6	
13	1/2" airspace	1.24	1.04	0.98	0.77	0.75	0.64	0.59	
14	1/4" argon space	1.18	0.99	0.92	0.72	0.7	0.58	0.54	
15	1/2" argon space	1.2	1	0.94	0.74	0.71	0.6	0.56	
	Double Glazing, e=0.20 on	surface 2 or 3							
16	1/4" airspace	1.2	1	0.94	0.74	0.71	0.6	0.56	
17	1/2" airspace	1.2	1	0.94	0.74	0.71	0.6	0.56	
18	1/4" argon space	1.14	0.94	0.88	0.68	0.65	0.54	0.5	
19	1/2" argon space	1.15	0.95	0.89	0.68	0.66	0.55	0.51	
	Double Glazing, e=0.10 on	surface 2 or 3							
20	1/4" airspace	1.18	0.99	0.92	0.72	0.7	0.58	0.54	
21	1/2" airspace	1.18	0.99	0.92	0.72	0.7	0.58	0.54	
22	1/4" argon space	1.11	0.91	0.85	0.65	0.63	0.52	0.47	
23	1/2" argon space	1.13	0.93	0.87	0.67	0.65	0.53	0.49	
	Double Glazing, e=0.05 on	surface 2 or 3							
24	1/4" airspace	1.17	0.97	0.91	0.7	0.68	0.57	0.52	
25	1/2" airspace	1.17	0.98	0.91	0.71	0.69	0.58	0.53	
26	1/4" argon space	1.09	0.89	0.83	0.63	0.61	0.5	0.45	
27	1/2" argon space	1.11	0.91	0.85	0.65	0.63	0.52	0.47	
	Triple Glazing								
28	1/4" airspaces	1.12	0.89	0.84	0.64	0.64	0.53	0.48	
29	1/2" airspaces	1.1	0.87	0.81	0.61	0.62	0.51	0.45	
30	1/4" argon spaces	1.09	0.86	0.8	0.6	0.61	0.5	0.44	
31	1/2" argon spaces	1.07	0.84	0.79	0.59	0.59	0.48	0.42	
	Triple Glazing, e=0.20 on surface	2,3,4, or 5							
32	1/4" airspaces	1.08	0.85	0.79	0.59	0.6	0.49	0.43	
33	1/2" airspaces	1.05	0.82	0.77	0.57	0.57	0.46	0.41	
34	1/4" argon spaces	1.02	0.79	0.74	0.54	0.55	0.44	0.38	
35	1/2" argon spaces	1.01	0.78	0.73	0.53	0.54	0.43	0.37	
	Triple Glazing, e=0.20 on	surfaces 2 or	3 and 4 or 5						
36	1/4" airspaces	1.03	0.8	0.75	0.55	0.56	0.45	0.39	
37	1/2" airspaces	1.01	0.78	0.73	0.53	0.54	0.43	0.37	
38	1/4" argon spaces	0.99	0.75	0.7	0.5	0.51	0.4	0.35	
39	1/2" argon spaces	0.97	0.74	0.69	0.49	0.5	0.39	0.33	
	Triple Glazing, e=0.10 on	surfaces 2 or	3 and 4 or 5						
40	1/4" airspaces	1.01	0.78	0.73	0.53	0.54	0.43	0.37	
41	1/2" airspaces	0.99	0.76	0.71	0.51	0.52	0.41	0.36	
42	1/4" argon spaces	0.96	0.73	0.68	0.48	0.49	0.38	0.32	
43	1/2" argon spaces	0.95	0.72	0.67	0.47	0.48	0.37	0.31	
	Quadruple Glazing, e=0.10 on	surfaces 2 or	3 and 4 or 5						
44	1/4" airspaces	0.97	0.74	0.69	0.49	0.5	0.39	0.33	
45	1/2" airspaces	0.94	0.71	0.66	0.46	0.47	0.36	0.3	
46	1/4" argon spaces	0.93	0.7	0.65	0.45	0.46	0.35	0.3	
47	1/2" argon spaces	0.91	0.68	0.63	0.43	0.44	0.33	0.28	
48	1/4" krypton spaces	0.88	0.65	0.6	0.4	0.42	0.31	0.25	

TABLE B-7 
Assembly Solar Heat Gain Coefficients (SHGC) and
Assembly Visible Light Transmittances (VLT) for Unlabeled Skylights

Glass  Type 	Glazing Type:  
Number of glazing layers Number & emissivity of coatings (glazing is glass except where noted

                                                                Frame:

                                                               Characteristic:	Unlabeled Skylights (includes glass/plastic, flat/domed, fixed/operable)	
		Metal without thermal break	Metal with thermal break	Wood/vinyl/ fiberglass	
		SHGC	VLT	SHGC	VLT	SHGC	VLT	
Clear	Single glazing, 1/8 in. glass	0.82	0.76	0.78	0.76	0.73	0.73	
								
	Single glazing, 1/4 in. glass	0.78	0.75	0.74	0.75	0.69	0.72	
								
	Single glazing, acrylic/polycarbonate	0.83	0.92	0.83	0.92	0.83	0.92	
								
	Double glazing	0.68	0.66	0.64	0.66	0.59	0.64	
								
	Double glazing, E=0.40 on surface 2 or 3	0.71	0.65	0.67	0.65	0.62	0.63	
								
	Double glazing, E=0.20 on surface 2 or 3	0.66	0.61	0.62	0.61	0.57	0.59	
								
	Double glazing, E=0.10 on surface 2 or 3	0.59	0.63	0.55	0.63	0.51	0.61	
								
	Double glazing, acrylic/polycarbonate	0.77	0.89	0.77	0.89	0.77	0.89	
								
	Triple glazing	0.6	0.59	0.56	0.59	0.52	0.57	
								
	Triple glazing, E=0.40 on surface 2, 3, 4, or 5	0.64	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.56	0.57	
								
	Triple glazing, E=0.20 on surface 2, 3, 4, or 5	0.59	0.55	0.55	0.55	0.51	0.53	
								
	Triple glazing, E=0.10 on surface 2, 3, 4, or 5	0.54	0.56	0.5	0.56	0.46	0.54	
								
	Triple glazing, E=0.40 on surfaces 3 and 5	0.62	0.57	0.58	0.57	0.53	0.55	
								
	Triple glazing, E=0.20 on surfaces 3 and 5	0.56	0.51	0.52	0.51	0.48	0.49	
								
	Triple glazing, E=0.10 on surfaces 3 and 5	0.47	0.54	0.43	0.54	0.4	0.52	
								
	Triple glazing, acrylic/polycarbonate	0.71	0.85	0.71	0.85	0.71	0.85	
								
	Quadruple glazing, E=0.10 on surfaces 3 and 5	0.41	0.48	0.37	0.48	0.33	0.46	
								
	Quadruple glazing, acrylic/polycarbonate	0.65	0.81	0.65	0.81	0.65	0.81	
								
Tinted	Single glazing, 1/8 in. glass	0.7	0.58	0.66	0.58	0.62	0.56	
								
	Single glazing, 1/4 in. glass	0.61	0.45	0.56	0.45	0.52	0.44	
								
	Single glazing, acrylic/polycarbonate	0.46	0.27	0.46	0.27	0.46	0.27	
								
	Double glazing	0.5	0.4	0.46	0.4	0.42	0.39	
								
	Double glazing, E=0.40 on surface 2 or 3	0.59	0.5	0.55	0.5	0.5	0.48	
								
	Double glazing, E=0.20 on surface 2 or 3	0.47	0.37	0.43	0.37	0.39	0.36	
								
	Double glazing, E=0.10 on surface 2 or 3	0.43	0.38	0.39	0.38	0.35	0.37	
								
	Double glazing, acrylic/polycarbonate	0.37	0.25	0.37	0.25	0.37	0.25	
								
	Triple glazing	0.42	0.22	0.37	0.22	0.34	0.21	
								
	Triple glazing, E=0.40 on surface 2, 3, 4, or 5	0.53	0.45	0.49	0.45	0.45	0.44	
								
	Triple glazing, E=0.20 on surface 2, 3, 4, or 5	0.42	0.33	0.38	0.33	0.35	0.32	
								
	Triple glazing, E=0.10 on surface 2, 3, 4, or 5	0.39	0.34	0.35	0.34	0.31	0.33	
								
	Triple glazing, E=0.40 on surfaces 3 and 5	0.51	0.43	0.47	0.43	0.43	0.42	
								
	Triple glazing, E=0.20 on surfaces 3 and 5	0.4	0.31	0.36	0.31	0.32	0.29	
								
	Triple glazing, E=0.10 on surfaces 3 and 5	0.34	0.32	0.3	0.32	0.27	0.31	
								
	Triple glazing, acrylic/polycarbonate	0.3	0.23	0.3	0.23	0.3	0.23	
								
	Quadruple glazing, E=0.10 on surfaces 3 and 5	0.3	0.29	0.26	0.29	0.23	0.28	
								
	Quadruple glazing, acrylic/polycarbonate	0.27	0.25	0.27	0.25	0.27	0.25	

TABLE B-8 
Assembly U-Factors, Assembly Solar Heat Gain Coefficients (SHGC), and Assembly Visible Light
Transmittances (VLT) for Unlabeled Vertical Fenestration
	Unlabeled Vertical Fenestration	
All frame types

                                                  Singleglazing

                                                  Glassblock	Clear Glass	Tinted Glass	
	U-Factor	SHGC	VLT	U-Factor	SHGC	VLT	
	1.25	0.82	0.76	1.25	0.7	0.58	
							
	0.6	0.56	0.56	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	
Wood, vinyl, or fiberglass frame

                                                  Doubleglazing

                                                  Tripleglazing							
							
	0.6	0.59	0.64	0.6	0.42	0.39	
							
	0.45	0.52	0.57	0.45	0.34	0.21	
Metal and other frame types

                                                  Doubleglazing

                                                  Tripleglazing							
							
	0.9	0.68	0.66	0.9	0.5	0.4	
							
	0.7	0.6	0.59	0.7	0.42	0.22	

B2.2  Walls
B2.2.1 Above-Grade Walls
B2.2.1.1 Mass Wall. U-factors for mass walls shall be taken from Table B-9 or determined by the procedure in this subsection. It is acceptable to use the U-factors in Table B-9 for all mass walls, provided that the grouting is equal to or less than that specified. Heat capacity for mass walls shall be taken from Table B-10 or B-11.
Exception: U-factors for mass walls determined in accordance with Section B2.2.1.1.3 402.1.C.1. 
B2.2.1.1.1 General. For the purpose of applicant-determined assembly U-factors, C-factors, F-factors, or heat capacities B1.4.2, the base assembly is a masonry or concrete wall. Continuous insulation is installed on the interior, exterior, or within the masonry units, or it is installed on the interior or exterior of the concrete. The U-factor includes R-0.17 for exterior air film and R-0.68 for interior air film, vertical surfaces. For insulated walls, the U-factor also includes R-0.45 for ½-inch (12.7 mm) gypsum board. U-factors are provided for the following configurations:
a. Concrete wall: 8 inches (203 mm) normal weight concrete wall with a density of 145 pound per cubic foot (2323 kg/m3;).
b. Solid grouted concrete block wall: 8 inches (203 mm) medium weight ASTM C90 concrete block with a density of 115 pound per cubic foot (1842 kg/m3) and solid grouted cores.
c. Partially grouted concrete block wall: 8 inches (2035 mm). medium weight ASTM C90 concrete block with a density of 115 pound per cubic foot (1842 kg/m3) having reinforcing steel every 32 inches (812 mm) vertically and every 48 inches (1219 mm) horizontally, with cores grouted in those areas only. Other cores are filled with insulating material only if there is no other insulation. 
B2.2.1.1.2 Mass Wall Rated R-value of Insulation
B2.2.1.1.2.1 Mass wall heat capacity shall be determined from Table B-10 or B-11.  
B2.2.1.1.2.2 The rated R-value of insulation is for continuous insulation uninterrupted by framing other than 20 gauge 1 inch metal clops spaced no closer than 24 inches on center (609 mm) horizontally and 16 inches on center (406 mm) vertically.
B2.2.1.1.2.3 Where other framing, including metal and wood studs, is used, compliance shall be based on the maximum assembly U-factor.
B2.2.1.1.2.4 Where rated R-value of insulation is used for concrete sandwich panels, the insulation shall be continuous throughout the entire panel. 
B2.2.1.1.3 Mass Wall U-factor.
B2.2.1.1.3.1 U-factors for mass walls shall be taken from Table B-10 or determined by the procedure in this subsection.  It is acceptable to use the U-factors in Table B-9 for all mass walls, provided that the grouting is equal to or less than that specified. Heat capacity for mass walls shall be taken from Table B-10 or B-11.
Exception:  For mass walls, where the requirement on Form 400C is for a maximum assembly U-0.151 followed by footnote “a,” ASTM C90 concrete block walls, ungrouted or partially grouted at 32 inches (812 mm) or less on center vertically and 48 inches (1219 mm) or less on center horizontally, shall have ungrouted cores filled with material having a maximum thermal conductivity of 0.44 Btu in./h ft2 oF.  Other mass walls with integral insulation shall meet the criteria when their U-factors are equal to or less than those for the appropriate thickness and density in the “Partly Grouted Cells Insulated” column of Table B-11.
B2.2.1.1.3.2 Determination of Mass Wall U-Factors. If not taken from Table B-9, mass wall U-factors shall be determined from Tables B-10, B-110, and B-12 using the following procedure:
ad. If the mass wall is uninsulated or only the cells are insulated:
1. For concrete walls, determine the U-factor from Table B-10 based on the concrete density and wall thickness.
2. For concrete block walls, determine the U-factor from Table B-11 based on the block size, concreten density, degree of grouting in the cells, and whether the cells are insulated.
be. If the mass wall has additional insulation:
1. For concrete walls, determine the Ru from Table B-10 based on the concrete density and wall thickness. Next, determine the effective R-value for the insulation/ framing layer from Table B-12 based on the rated R-value of insulation installed, the thickness of the insulation, and whether it is installed between wood or metal framing or with no framing. Then, determine the U-factor by adding the Ru and the effective R-value together and taking the inverse of the total.
2. For concrete block walls, determine the Ru from Table B-11 based on the block size, concrete density, degree of grouting in the cells, and whether the cells are insulated. Next, determine the effective R-value for the insulation/framing layer from Table B-12 based on the rated R-value of insulation installed, the thickness of the insulation, and whether it is installed between wood or metal framing or with no framing. Then, determine the U-factor by adding the Ru and the effective R-value together and taking the inverse of the total.
B2.2.1.2 Metal Building Walls. 
B2.2.1.2.1 General. U-factors for metal building walls shall be taken from Table B-13. It is not acceptable to use these U-factors if additional insulation is not continuous. For the purpose of applicant-determined assembly U-factors, C-factors, F-factors, or heat capacities B1.4.2, the base assembly is a wall where the insulation is compressed between metal wall panels and the metal structure. Additional assemblies include continuous insulation, uncompressed and uninterrupted by framing.
B2.2.1.2.2 Rated R-value of Insulation for Metal Building Walls. 
B2.2.1.2.2.1 The first rated R-Value of insulation is for insulation compressed between metal wall panels and the steel structure. 
B2.2.1.2.2.2 For double-layer installations, the second rated R-value of insulation is for insulation installed from the inside, covering the girts. 
B2.2.1.2.2.3 For continuous insulation (e.g., insulation boards) it is assumed that the insulation boards are installed on the inside of the girts and uninterrupted by the framing members. 
B2.2.1.2.2.4 Insulation exposed to the conditioned space or semiheated space shall have a facing, and all insulation seams shall be continuously sealed to provide a continuous air barrier.
B2.2.1.2.3 U-factors for Metal Building Walls.  U-factors for metal building walls shall be taken from Table B-13. It is not acceptable to use these U-factors if additional insulation is not continuous.

B2.2.1.3 Steel-Framed Walls. 
B2.2.1.3.1 General. 
U-factors for steel-framed walls shall be taken from Table B-14. For steel-framed walls with framing at less than 24 inches (610 mm) on center, use the standard framing values as described in (a) below. For steel-framed walls with framing from 24 inches to 32 inches (610 mm) on center, use the advanced framing values as described in (b) below. For steel-framed walls with framing greater than 32 inches (610 mm) on center, use the metal building wall values in Table B-13. For the purpose of applicant-determined assembly U-factors, C-factors, F-factors, or heat capacities B1.4.2, the base assembly is a wall where the insulation is installed within the cavity of the steel stud framing but where there is not a metal exterior surface spanning member. The steel stud framing is a minimum uncoated thickness of 0.043 inches (1.1 mm) for 18 gauge or 0.054 inches for 16 gauge. The U-factor includes R-0.17 for exterior air film, R-0.08 for stucco, R-0.56 for 0.625-inches (16 mm) gypsum board on the exterior, R-0.56 for 0.625-inches (16 mm) gypsum board on the interior, and R-0.68 for interior vertical surfaces air film. The performance of the insulation/framing layer is calculated using the values in Table B-17. Additional assemblies include continuous insulation, uncompressed and uninterrupted by framing. U-factors are provided for the following configurations:
a. Standard framing: steel stud framing at 16 inches (410 mm) on center with cavities filled with 16 inches (410 mm) wide insulation for both 3 ½ inch (89 mm) deep and 6-inch (152 mm) deep wall cavities.
b. Advanced framing: steel stud framing at 24 inches (610mm) on center with cavities filled with 24 inch (610 mm) wide insulation for both 3 ½-inch (89 mm) deep and 6-inch (152 mm) deep wall cavities.
B2.2.1.3.2 Rated R-Value of Insulation for Steel-Framed Walls.
B2.2.1.3.2.1 The first rated R-value of insulation is for uncompressed insulation installed in the cavity between steel studs. It is acceptable for this insulation to also be continuous insulation uninterrupted by framing.
B2.2.1.3.2.2 If there are two values, the second rated R-value of insulation is for continuous insulation uninterrupted by framing, etc. to be installed in addition to the first insulation.
B2.2.1.3.2.3 Opaque mullions in spandrel glass shall be covered with insulation complying with the steel-framed wall requirements.
B2.2.1.3.3 U-Factors for Steel-Framed Walls.
B2.2.1.3.3.1 U-factors for steel-framed walls shall be taken from Table B-14. 
B2.2.1.3.3.2 For steel-framed walls with framing at less than 24 inches (610 mm) on center, use the standard framing values as described in B2.2.1.3.1(a). 
B2.2.1.3.3.3 For steel-framed walls with framing from 24 inches to 32 inches (610 mm to 813 mm) on center, use the advanced framing values as described in B2.2.1.3.1(b). 
B2.2.1.3.3.4 For steel-framed walls with framing greater than 32 inches (813 mm) on center, use the metal building wall values in Table B-13.

B2.2.1.4 Wood-Framed Walls. 
B2.2.1.4.1 General. U-factors for wood-framed walls shall be taken from Table B-15. For wood-framed walls with framing at less than 24 inches (610 mm) on center, use the standard framing values as described in (a) below. For wood-framed walls with framing from 24 inches to 32 inches (610 mm to 813 mm) on center, use the advanced framing values as described in (b) below if the headers are uninsulated or the advanced framing with insulated headers values as described in (c) below if the headers are insulated. For wood-framed walls with framing greater than 32 inches (813 mm) on center, U-factors shall be determined in accordance with B1.5. For the purpose of applicant-determined assembly U-factors, C-factors, F-factors, or heat capacities B1.4.2, the base assembly is a wall where the insulation is installed between 2 inches (51 mm) nominal wood framing. Cavity insulation is full depth, but values are taken from Table B-3 for R-19 insulation, which is compressed when installed in a 5 ½ inch (368 mm) cavity. Headers are double 2 inches (51 mm) nominal wood framing. The U-factor includes R-0.17 for exterior air film, R-0.08 for stucco, R-0.56 for 0.625 inches (16 mm) gypsum board on the exterior, R-0.56 for 0.625 inches (16 mm) gypsum board on the interior, and R-0.68 for interior air film, vertical surfaces. Additional assemblies include continuous insulation, uncompressed and uninterrupted by framing. U-factors are provided for the following configurations: 
a. Standard framing: wood framing at 16 inches (410 mm) on center with cavities filled with 14 ½ inches (368 mm) wide insulation for both 3 ½ inches (89 mm) deep and 5 ½ inches (140 mm) deep wall cavities. Double headers leave no cavity. Weighting factors are 75 percent insulated cavity, 21 percent studs, plates, and sills, and 4 percent headers.
b. Advanced framing: wood framing at 24 inches (610 mm) on center with cavities filled with 22 ½ inches (572 mm) wide insulation for both 3 ½ inches (89 mm) deep and 5 ½ inches (140 mm) deep wall cavities. Double headers leave uninsulated cavities. Weighting factors are 78 percent insulated cavity, 18 percent studs, plates, and sills, and 4 percent headers.
c. Advanced framing with insulated headers: wood framing at 24 inches (610 51 mm) on center with cavities filled with 22 ½ inches (572 mm) wide insulation for both 3 ½ inches (89 mm) deep and 5 ½ inches (140 mm) deep wall cavities. Double header cavities are insulated. Weighting factors are 78 percent insulated cavity, 18 percent plates, and sills, and 4 percent headers.
B2.2.1.4.2 Rated R-value of Insulation for Wood-Framed and Other Walls.  
B2.2.1.4.2.1 The first rated R-value of insulation is for uncompressed insulation installed in the cavity between wood studs. It is acceptable for this insulation to also be continuous insulation uninterrupted by framing.
B2.2.1.4.2.2 If there are two values, the second rated R-value of insulation is for continuous insulation uninterrupted by framing, etc., to be installed in addition to the first insulation.
B2.2.1.4.2.3 Opaque mullions in spandrel glass shall be covered with insulation complying with the steel-framed wall requirements.

B2.2.1.4.3 U-Factors for Wood-Framed Walls.  
B2.2.1.4.3.1 U-factors for wood-framed walls shall be taken from Table B-15. 
B2.2.1.4.3.2 For wood-framed walls with framing at less than 24 inches (610 mm). on center, use the standard framing values as described in B2.2.1.4.1(a). 
B2.2.1.4.3.3 For wood-framed walls with framing from 24 inches to 32 inches (610 mm to 813 mm) on center, use the advanced framing values as described in B2.2.1.4.1(b) if the headers are uninsulated or the advanced framing with insulated headers values as described in B2.2.1.4.1(c) if the headers are insulated. 
B2.2.1.4.3.4 For wood-framed walls with framing greater than 32 inches (813 mm) on center, U-factors shall be determined in accordance with B1.5.

B2.2.2 Below-Grade Walls. 
B2.2.2.1 General. C-factors for below-grade walls shall be taken from Table B-16 or determined by the procedure described in this subsection. It is acceptable to use the C-factors in Table B-16 for all below-grade walls. TFor the purpose of applicant-determined assembly U-factors, C-factors, F-factors, or heat capacities, the base assembly is 8 inches (203 mm) medium-weight concrete block with a density of 115 pound per cubic foot (1843 kg/m3) and solid grouted cores. Continuous insulation is installed on the interior or exterior. In contrast to the U-factor for above-grade walls, the C-factor for below grade walls does not include R-values for exterior or interior air films or for soil. For insulated walls, the C-factor does include R-0.45 for 0.5 inches gypsum board.  
B2.2.2.2 C-Factors for Below-Grade Walls.
B2.2.2.2.1 C-factors for below-grade walls shall be taken from Table B-16 or determined by the procedure described in this subsection.
B2.2.2.2.2 It is acceptable to use the C-factors in Table B-16 for all below-grade walls.
B2.2.2.2.3 If not taken from Table B-16, below-grade wall C-factors shall be determined from Tables B-10, B-11, and B-12 using the following procedure:
a. If the below-grade wall is uninsulated or only the cells are insulated:
(1) For concrete walls, determine the C-factor from Table B-10 based on the concrete density and wall thickness.
(2) For concrete block walls, determine the C-factor from Table B-11 based on the block size, concrete density, degree of grouting in the cells, and whether the cells are insulated.
b. If the mass wall has additional insulation:  
(1) For concrete walls, determine the Rc from Table B-10 based on the concrete density and wall thickness. Next, determine the effective R-value for the insulation/framing layer from Table B-12 based on the rated R-value of insulation installed, the thickness of the insulation, and whether it is installed between wood or metal framing or with no framing. Then, determine the C-factor by adding the Rc and the effective R-value together and taking the inverse of the total. 
(2) For concrete block walls, determine the Rc from Table B-10 based on the block size, concrete density, degree of grouting in the cells, and whether the cells are insulated. Next, determine the effective R-value for the insulation/ framing layer from Table B-11 based on the rated R-value of insulation installed, the thickness of the insulation, and whether it is installed between wood or metal framing or with no framing. Then, determine the C-factor by adding the Rc and the effective R-value together and taking the inverse of the total.

TABLE B-9
Assembly U-Factors for Above-Grade Concrete Walls and Masonry Walls
Framing Type
and Depth	Rated R-Value of
Insulation Alone	Assembly U-Factors for
8 in. Normal
Weight 145 lb/ft3
Solid Concrete Walls	Assembly U-Factors for 8 in.
Medium Weight 115 lb/ft3
Concrete Block Walls:
Solid Grouted	Assembly U-Factors for 8 in.
Medium Weight 115 lb/ft3
Concrete Block Walls:
Partially Grouted (cores uninsulated
except where specified)	
No Framing	R-0	U-0.740	U-0.580	U-0.480	
	Ungrouted Cores
Filled with
Loose-fill insulation	N.A.	N.A.	U-0.350	
Continuous metal framing at 24 in. on center horizontally	
3.5 in.
3.5 in.
3.5 in.	R-11.0
R-13.0
R-15.0	U-0.168
U-0.161
U-0.155	U-0.158
U-0.152
U-0.147	U-0.149
U-0.144
U-0.140	
4.5 in.
4.5 in.
4.5 in.	R-17.1
R-22.5
R-25.2	U-0.133
U-0.124
U-0.122	U-0.126
U-0.119
U-0.116	U-0.121
U-0.114
U-0.112	
5.0 in.
5.0 in.
5.0 in.
5.5 in.
5.5 in.
5.5 in.
5.5 in.
5.5 in.	R-19.0
R-25.0
R-28.0
R-19.0
R-20.9
R-21.0
R-27.5
R-30.8	U-0.122
U-0.115
U-0.112
U-0.118
U-0.114
U-0.113
U-0.106
U-0.104	U-0.117
U-0.110
U-0.107
U-0.113
U-0.109
U-0.109
U-0.102
U-0.100	U-0.112
U-0.106
U-0.103
U-0.109
U-0.105
U-0.105
U-0.099
U-0.096	
6.0 in.
6.0 in.
6.0 in.	R-22.8
R-30.0
R-33.6	U-0.106
U-0.099
U-0.096	U-0.102
U-0.095
U-0.093	U-0.098
U-0.092
U-0.090	
6.5 in.	R-24.7	U-0.099	U-0.096	U-0.092	
7.0 in.	R-26.6	U-0.093	U-0.090	U-0.087	
7.5 in.	R-28.5	U-0.088	U-0.085	U-0.083	
8.0 in.	R-30.4	U-0.083	U-0.081	U-0.079	
1 in. metal clips at 24 in. on center horizontally and 16 in. vertically	
1.0 in.
1.0 in.
1.0 in.	R-3.8
R-5.0
R-5.6	U-0.210
U-0.184
U-0.174	U-0.195
U-0.172
U-0.163	U-0.182
U-0.162
U-0.154	
1.5 in.
1.5 in.
1.5 in.	R-5.7
R-7.5
R-8.4	U-0.160
U-0.138
U-0.129	U-0.151
U-0.131
U-0.123	U-0.143
U-0.125
U-0.118	
2.0 in.
2.0 in.
2.0 in.	R-7.
R-10.0
R-11.2	U-0.129
U-0.110
U-0.103	U-0.123
U-0.106
U-0.099	U-0.118
U-0.102
U-0.096	
2.5 in.
2.5 in.
2.5 in.	R-9.
R-12.
R-14.0	U-0.109
U-0.092
U-0.086	U-0.104
U-0.089
U-0.083	U-0.101
U-0.086
U-0.080	
3.0 in.
3.0 in.
3.0 in.	R-11.4
R-15.0
R-16.8	U-0.094
U-0.078
U-0.073	U-0.090
U-0.076
U-0.071	U-0.088
U-0.074
U-0.069	
3.5 in.
3.5 in
3.5 in.	R-13.3
R-17.5
R-19.6	U-0.082
U-0.069
U-0.064	U-0.080
U-0.067
U-0.062	U-0.077
U-0.065
U-0.061	

TABLE B-9.   Assembly U-Factors for Above-Grade Concrete Walls and Masonry Walls, 
Framing Type
and Depth	Rated R-Value of
Insulation Alone	Assembly U-Factors for
8 in. Normal
Weight 145 lb/ft3
Solid Concrete Walls	Assembly U-Factors for 8 in.,Medium Weight 115 lb/ft3 Concrete Block Walls:
Solid Grouted	Assembly U-Factors for 8 in.
Medium Weight 115 lb/ft3
Concrete Block Walls: Partially Grouted (cores uninsulated except where specified)	
No Framing	R-0	U-0.740	U-0.580	U-0.480	
	Ungrouted Cores Filled with Loose-fill insulation	
N.A.	
N.A.	
U-0.350	
1 in. metal clips at 24 in. on center horizontally and 16 in. vertically	
4.0 in
4.0 in.
4.0 in.	R-15.2
R-20.0
R-22.4	U-0.073
U-0.061
U-0.057	U-0.071
U-0.060
U-0.056	U-0.070
U-0.058
U-0.054	
5.0 in
6.0 in.
7.0 in.
8.0 in.
9.0 in.
10.0 in.
11.0 in.	. R-28.0
R-33.6
R-39.2
R-44.8
R-50.4
R-56.0
R-61.6	U-0.046
U-0.039
U-0.034
U-0.030
U-0.027
U-0.024
U-0.022	U-0.046
U-0.039
U-0.034
U-0.030
U-0.027
U-0.024
U-0.022	U-0.045
U-0.038
U-0.033
U-0.029
U-0.026
U-0.024
U-0.022	
Continuous insulation uninterrupted by framing	
No Framing
No Framing
No Framing
No Framing
No Framing	R-1.0
R-2.0
R-3.0
R-4.0
R-5.0	U-0.425
U-0.298
U-0.230
U-0.187
U-0.157	U
U
U
U
U	U-0.324
U-0.245
U-0.197
U-0.164
U-0.141	
No Framing
No Framing
No Framing
No Framing
No Framing	R-6.0
R-7.0
R-8.0
R-9.0
R-10.0	U-0.
U-0.120
U-0.107
U-0.097
U-0.088	U-0.129
U-0.115
U-0.103
U-0.093
U-0.085	U-0.124
U-0.110
U-0.099
U-0.090
U-0.083	
No Framing
No Framing
No Framing
No Framing
No Framing	R-11.0
R-12.0
R-13.0
R-14.0
R-15.0	U-0.081 U
U-0.075
U-0.070
U-0.065
U-0.061	U-0.079
U-0.073
U-0.068
U-0.064
U-0.060	U-0.076
U-0.071
U-0.066
U-0.062
U-0.059	
No Framing
No Framing
No Framing
No Framing
No Framing	R-16.0
R-17.0
R-18.0
R-19.0
R-20.0	U-0.
U-0.054
U-0.052
U-0.049
U-0.047	U-0.056
U-0.053
U-0.051
U-0.048
U-0.046	U-0.055
U-0.052
U-0.050
U-0.047
U-0.045	
No Framing
No Framing
No Framing
No Framing
No Framing	R-21.0
R-22.0
R-23.0
R-24.0
R-25.0	U-0.045
U-0.043
U-0.041
U-0.039
U-0.038	U-0.044
U-0.042
U-0.040
U-0.039
U-0.037	U-0.043
U-0.042
U-0.040
U-0.038
U-0.037	
No Framing
No Framing
No Framing
No Framing
No Framing
No Framing
No Framing	R-30.0
R-35.0
R-40.0
R-45.0
R-50.0
R-55.0
R-60.0	U-0.032
U-0.028
U-0.024
U-0.022
U-0.019
U-0.018
U-0.016	U-0.032
U-0.027
U-0.024
U-0.021
U-0.019
U-0.018
U-0.016	U-0.031
U-0.027
U-0.024
U-0.021
U-0.019
U-0.018
U-0.016	

TABLE B-10 
Assembly U-Factors, C-Factors, Ru, Rc, and Heat Capacity for Concrete
Density in lb/ft3	Properties	Thickness in Inches
  3           4          5         6         7         8           9          10          11         12	
20	U-factor	0.22	0.17	0.14	0.12	0.10	0.09	0.08 	0.07	0.07	0.06	
	C-factor	0.27	0.20	0.16	0.13	0.11	0.10	0.09	0.08	0.07	0.07	
	Ru	4.60	5.85	7.10	8.35	9.60	10.85	12.10	13.35	14.60	15.85	
	Rc	3.75	5.00	6.25	7.50	8.75	10.00	11.25	12.50	13.75	15.00	
	HC	1.0	1.3	1.7	2.0	2.3	2.7	3.0	3.3	3.7	4.0	
30	U-factor	0.28	0.22	0.19	0.16	0.14	0.12	0.11	0.10	0.09	0.09	
	C-factor	0.37	0.28	0.22	0.18	0.16	0.14	0.12	0.11	0.10	0.09	
	Ru	3.58	4.49	5.40	6.30	7.21	8.12	9.03	9.94	10.85	11.76	
	Rc	2.73	3.64	4.55	5.45	6.36	7.27	8.18	9.09	10.00	10.91	
	HC	1.5	2.0	2.5	3.0	3.5	4.0	4.5	5.0	5.5	6.0	
40	U-factor	0.33	0.27	0.23	0.19	0.17	0.15	0.14	0.13	0.11	0.11	
	C-factor	0.47	0.35	0.28	0.23	0.20	0.18	0.16	0.14	0.13	0.12	
	Ru	2.99	3.71	4.42	5.14	5.85	6.56	7.28	7.99	8.71	9.42	
	Rc	2.14	2.86	3.57	4.29	5.00	5.71	6.43	7.14	7.86	8.57	
	HC	2.0	2.7	3.3	4.0	4.7	5.3	6.0	6.7	7.3	8.0	
50	U-factor	0.38	0.31	0.26	0.23	0.20	0.18	0.16	0.15	0.14	0.13	
	C-factor	0.57	0.43	0.34	0.28	0.24	0.21	0.19	0.17	0.15	0.14	
	Ru	2.61	3.2	3.79	4.38	4.97	5.56	6.14	6.73	7.32	7.91	
	Rc	1.76	2.35	2.94	3.53	4.12	4.71	5.29	5.88	6.47	7.06	
	HC	2.5	3.3	4.2	5.0	5.8	6.7	7.5	8.3	9.2	10.0	
85	U-factor	0.65	0.56	0.50	0.44	0.40	0.37	0.34	0.31	0.29	0.27	
	C-factor	1.43	1.08	0.86	0.71	0.61	0.54	0.48	0.43	0.39	0.36	
	Ru	1.55	1.78	2.01	2.25	2.48	2.71	2.94	3.18	3.41	3.64	
	Rc	0.70	0.93	1.16	1.40	1.63	1.86	2.09	2.33	2.56	2.79	
	HC	4.3	5.7	7.1	8.5	9.9	11.3	12.8	14.2	15.6	17.0	
95	U-factor	0.72	0.64	0.57	0.52	0.48	0.44	0.41	0.38	0.36	0.33	
	C-factor	1.85	1.41	1.12	0.93	0.80	0.70	0.62	0.56	0.51	0.47	
	Ru	1.39	1.56	1.74	1.92	2.10	2.28	2.46	2.64	2.81	2.99	
	Rc	0.54	0.71	0.89	1.07	1.25	1.43	1.61	1.79	1.96	2.14	
	HC	4.8	6.3	7.9	9.5	11.1	12.7	14.3	15.8	17.4	19.0	
105	U-factor	0.79	0.71	0.65	0.59	0.54	0.51	0.47	0.44	0.42	0.39	
	C-factor	2.38	1.79	1.43	1.18	1.01	0.88	0.79	0.71	0.65	0.59	
	Ru	1.27	1.41	1.557	1.70	1.84	1.98	2.12	2.26	2.40	2.54	
	Rc	0.42	0.56	0.70	0.85	0.99	1.13	1.27	1.41	1.55	1.69	
	HC	5.3	7.0	8.8	10.5	12.3	14.0	15.8	17.5	19.3	21.0	
115	U-factor	0.84	0.77	0.70	0.65	0.61	0.57	0.53	0.50	0.48	0.45	
	C-factor	2.94	2.22	1.75	1.47	1.25	1.10	0.98	0.88	0.80	0.74	
	Ru	1.19	1.30	1.42	1.53	1.65	1.76	1.87	1.99	2.10	2.21	
	Rc	0.34	0.45	0.57	0.68	0.80	0.91	1.02	1.14	1.25	1.36	
	HC	5.8	7.7	9.6	11.5	13.4	15.3	17.3	19.2	21.1	23.0	
125	U-factor	0.88	0.82	0.76	0.71	0.67	0.63	0.60	0.56	0.53	0.51	
	C-factor	3.57	2.70	2.17	1.79	1.54	1.35	1.20	1.08	0.98	0.90	
	Ru	1.13	1.22	1.31	1.41	1.50	1.59	1.68	1.78	1.87	1.96	
	Rc	0.28	0.37	0.46	0.56	0.65	0.74	0.83	0.93	1.02	1.11	
	HC	6.3	8.3	10.4	12.5	14.6	16.7	18.8	20.8	22.9	25.0	
135	U-factor	0.93	0.87	0.82	0.77	0.73	0.69	0.66	0.63	0.60	0.57	
	C-factor	4.55	3.33	2.70	2.22	1.92	1.67	1.49	1.33	1.22	1.11	
	Ru	1.07	1.15	1.22	1.30	1.37	1.45	.52	1.60	1.67	1.75	
	Rc	0.22	0.30	0.37	0.45	0.52	0.60	0.67	0.75	0.82	0.90	
	HC	6.8	9.0	11.3	13.5	15.8	18.0	20.3	22.5	24.8	27.0	
144	U-factor	0.96	0.91	0.86	0.81	0.78	0.74	0.71	0.68	0.65	0.63	
	C-factor	5.26	4.00	3.23	2.63	2.27	2.00	1.79	1.59	1.45	1.33	
	Ru	1.04	1.10	1.16	1.23	1.29	1.35	1.41	1.48	1.54	1.60	
	Rc	0.19	0.25	0.31	0.38	0.44	0.50	0.56	0.63	0.69	0.75	
	HC	7.2	9.6	12.0	14.4	16.8	19.2	21.6	24.0	26.4	28.8	
The U-factors and Ru include standard air film resistances.
The C-factors and Rc are for the same assembly without air film resistances.
Note that the following assemblies do not qualify as a mass wall or mass floor:  3 in. thick concrete with densities of 85, 95, 125 and 135 lbs/ft3  

TABLE B-11 
Assembly U-Factors, C-Factors, Ru, Rc, and Heat Capacity for Concrete Block Walls
Density	Properties	Concrete Block Grouting and Cell Treatment	
		Solid grouted	Partly Grouted, Cells Empty	Partly Grouted, Cells Insulated	Unreinforced, Cells Empty	Unreinforced, Cells Insulated	
6 in. block	
85	U-factor	0.57	0.46	0.34	0.4	0.2	
	C-factor	1.11	0.75	0.47	0.6	0.23	
	Ru	1.75	2.18	2.97	2.52	5.13	
	Rc	0.9	1.33	2.12	1.67	4.28	
	HC	10.9	6.7	7	4.2	4.6	
95	U-factor	0.61	0.49	0.36	0.42	0.22	
	C-factor	1.25	0.83	0.53	0.65	0.27	
	Ru	1.65	2.06	2.75	2.38	4.61	
	Rc	0.8	1.21	1.9	1.53	3.76	
	HC	11.4	7.2	7.5	4.7	5.1	
105	U-factor	0.64	0.51	0.39	0.44	0.24	
	C-factor	1.38	0.91	0.58	0.71	0.3	
	Ru	1.57	1.95	2.56	2.26	4.17	
	Rc	0.72	1.1	1.71	1.41	3.32	
	HC	11.9	7.7	7.9	5.1	5.6	
115	U-factor	0.66	0.54	0.41	0.46	0.26	
	C-factor	1.52	0.98	0.64	0.76	0.34	
	Ru	1.51	1.87	2.41	2.16	3.79	
	Rc	0.66	1.02	1.56	1.31	2.94	
	HC	12.3	8.1	8.4	5.6	6	
125	U-factor	0.7	0.56	0.45	0.49	0.3	
	C-factor	1.7	1.08	0.73	0.84	0.4	
	Ru	1.44	1.78	2.23	2.04	3.38	
	Rc	0.59	0.93	1.38	1.19	2.53	
	HC	12.8	8.6	8.8	6	6.5	
135	U-factor	0.73	0.6	0.49	0.53	0.35	
	C-factor	1.94	1.23	0.85	0.95	0.49	
	Ru	1.36	1.67	2.02	1.9	2.89	
	Rc	0.51	0.82	1.17	1.05	2.04	
	HC	13.2	9	9.3	6.5	6.9	
8 in. block	
85	U-factor	0.49	0.41	0.28	0.37	0.15	
	C-factor	0.85	0.63	0.37	0.53	0.17	
	Ru	2.03	2.43	3.55	2.72	6.62	
	Rc	1.18	1.58	2.7	1.87	5.77	
	HC	15	9	9.4	5.4	6	
95	U-factor	0.53	0.44	0.31	0.39	0.17	
	C-factor	0.95	0.7	0.41	0.58	0.2	
	Ru	1.9	2.29	3.27	2.57	5.92	
	Rc	1.05	1.44	2.42	1.72	5.07	
	HC	15.5	9.6	10	6	6.6	
105	U-factor	0.55	0.46	0.33	0.41	0.19	
	C-factor	1.05	0.76	0.46	0.63	0.22	
	Ru	1.81	2.17	3.04	2.44	5.32	
	Rc	0.96	1.32	2.19	1.59	4.47	
	HC	16.1	10.2	10.6	6.6	7.2	
115	U-factor	0.58	0.48	0.35	0.43	0.21	
	C-factor	1.14	0.82	0.5	0.68	0.25	
	Ru	1.72	2.07	2.84	2.33	4.78	
	Rc	0.87	1.22	1.99	1.48	3.93	
	HC	16.7	10.8	11.2	7.2	7.8	
125	U-factor	0.61	0.51	0.38	0.45	0.24	
	C-factor	1.27	0.9	0.57	0.74	0.3	
	Ru	1.64	1.96	2.62	2.2	4.2	
	Rc	0.79	1.11	1.77	1.35	3.35	
	HC	17.3	11.4	11.8	7.8	8.4	
135	U-factor	0.65	0.55	0.42	0.49	0.28	
	C-factor	1.44	1.02	0.67	0.83	0.37	
	Ru	1.54	1.83	2.35	2.05	3.55	
	Rc	0.69	0.98	1.50	1.2	2.70	
	HC	17.9	12.0	12.4	8.4	9.0	
10 in block	
85	U-factor	0.44	0.38	0.25	0.35	0.13	
	C-factor	0.70	0.57	0.31	0.50	0.14	
	Ru	2.29	2.61	4.05	2.84	7.87	
	Rc	1.44	1.76	3.20	1.99	7.02	
	HC	19.0	11.2	11.7	6.50	7.30	
95	U-factor	0.47	0.41	0.27	0.37	0.14	
	C-factor	0.77	0.62	0.35	0.55	0.16	
	Ru	2.15	2.46	3.73	2.67	6.94	
	Rc	1.30	1.61	2.88	1.82	6.09	
	HC	19.7	11.9	12.4	7.3	8.10	
105	U-factor	0.49	0.43	0.29	0.39	0.16	
	C-factor	0.85	0.68	0.39	0.59	0.19	
	Ru	2.03	2.33	3.45	2.54	6.17	
	Rc	1.18	1.48	2.60	1.69	5.32	
	HC	20.4	12.6	13.1	8.00	8.80	
115	U-factor	0.52	0.45	0.31	0.41	0.18	
	C-factor	0.92	0.73	0.42	0.64	0.21	
	Ru	1.94	2.22	3.21	2.42	5.52	
	Rc	1.09	1.37	2.36	1.57	4.67	
	HC	21.1	13.4	13.9	8.70	9.50	
125	U-factor	0.54	0.48	0.34	0.44	0.21	
	C-factor	1.01	0.80	0.48	0.70	0.25	
	Ru	1.84	2.10	2.;95	2.28	4.81	
	Rc	0.99	1.25	2.10	1.43	3.96	
	HC	21.8	14.1	14.6	9.40	10.2	
135	U-factor	0.58	0.51	0.38	0.47	0.25	
	C-factor	1.14	0.90	0.56	0.79	0.32	
	Ru	1.72	1.96	2.64	2.12	4.00	
	Rc	0.87	1.11	1.79	1.27	3.15	
	HC	22.6	14.8	15.3	10.2	11.0	
12 in. block	
85	U-factor	0.40	0.36	0.22	0.34	0.11	
	C-factor	0.59	0.52	0.27	0.48	0.12	
	Ru	2.53	2.77	4.59	2.93	9.43	
	Rc	1.68	1.92	3.74	2.08	8.58	
	HC	23.1	13.3	14.0	7.50	8.50	
95	U-factor	0.42	0.38	0.24	0.36	0.12	
	C-factor	0.66	0.57	0.30	0.52	0.13	
	Ru	2.30	2.60	4.22	2.76	8.33	
	Rc	1.53	1.75	3.37	1.91	7.48	
	HC	23.9	14.2	14.8	8.30	9.30	
105	U-factor	0.44	0.41	0.26	0.38	0.14	
	C-factor	0.71	0.62	0.33	0.57	0.15	
	Ru	2.25	2.47	3.90	2.62	7.35	
	Rc	1.40	1.62	3.05	1.77	6.50	
	HC	24.7	15.0	15.6	9.10	10.2	
115	U-factor	0.47	0.42	0.28	0.40	0.15	
	C-factor	0.77	0.66	0.36	0.61	0.18	
	Ru	2.15	2.36	3.63	2.49	6.54	
	Rc	1.30	1.51	2.78	1.64	5.69	
	HC	25.6	15.8	16.4	10.0	11.0	
125	U-factor	0.49	0.45	0.30	0.42	0.18	
	C-factor	0.84	0.72	0.40	0.66	0.21	
	Ru	2.04	2.23	3.34	2.36	5.68	
	Rc	1.19	1.38	2.49	1.51	4.83	
	HC	26.4	16.6	17.3	10.8	11.8	
135	U-factor	0.52	0.48	0.34	0.46	0.21	
	C-factor	0.94	0.81	0.47	-.74	0.26	
	Ru	1.91	2.08	2.98	2.19	4.67	
	Rc	1.06	1.23	2.13	1.34	3.82	
	HC	27.2	17.5	18.1	11.60	12.6	

TABLE B-12 
Effective R-Values for Insulation/Framing Layers Added to Above-Grade Mass Walls and Below-Grade Walls
Depth (in.)	Framing Type	Rated R-Value of Insulation	
		0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	
																												
Effective R-value if continuous insulation uninterrupted by framing (includes gypsun board)	
																												
	None	0.5	1.5	2.5	3.5	4.5	5.5	6.5	7.5	8.5	9.5	10.5	11.5	12.5	13.5	14.5	15.5	16.5	17.5	18.5	19.5	20.5	21.5	22.5	23.5	24.5	25.5	
																												
Effective R-value if insulation is installed in cavity between framing (includes gypsum board)		
																												
0.5	Wood	1.3	1.3	1.9	2.4	2.7	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	
																												
	Metal	0.9	0.9	1.1	1.1	1.2	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	
																												
0.75	Wood	1.4	1.4	2.1	2.7	3.1	3.5	3.8	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	
																												
	Metal	1	1	1.3	1.4	1.5	1.5	1.6	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	
																												
1	Wood	1.3	1.5	2.2	2.9	3.4	3.9	4.3	4.6	4.9	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	
																												
	Metal	1	1.1	1.4	1.6	1.7	1.8	1.8	1.9	1.9	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	
																												
1.5	Wood	1.3	1.5	2.4	3.1	3.8	4.4	4.9	5.4	5.8	6.2	6.5	6.8	7.1	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	
																												
	Metal	1.1	1.2	1.6	1.9	2.1	2.2	2.3	2.4	2.5	2.5	2.6	2.6	2.7	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	
																												
2	Wood	1.4	1.5	2.5	3.3	4	4.7	5.3	5.9	6.4	6.9	7.3	7.7	8.1	8.4	8.7	9	9.3	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	
																												
	Metal	1.1	1.2	1.7	2.1	2.3	2.5	2.7	2.8	2.9	3	3.1	3.2	3.2	3.3	3.3	3.4	3.4	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	na	
																												
2.5	Wood	1.4	1.5	2.5	3.4	4.2	4.9	5.6	6.3	6.8	7.4	7.9	8.4	8.8	9.2	9.6	10	10.3	10.6	10.9	11.2	11.5	na	na	na	na	na	
																												
	Metal	1.2	1.3	1.8	2.3	2.6	2.8	3	3.2	3.3	3.5	3.6	3.6	3.7	3.8	3.9	3.9	4	4	4.1	4.1	4.1	na	na	na	na	na	
																												
3	Wood	1.4	1.5	2.5	3.5	4.3	5.1	5.8	6.5	7.2	7.8	8.3	8.9	9.4	9.9	10.3	10.7	11.1	11.5	11.9	12.2	12.5	12.9	na	na	na	na	
																												
	Metal	1.2	1.3	1.9	2.4	2.8	3.1	3.3	3.5	3.7	3.8	4	4.1	4.2	4.3	4.4	4.4	4.5	4.6	4.6	4.7	4.7	4.8	na	na	na	na	
																												
3.5	Wood	1.4	1.5	2.6	3.5	4.4	5.2	6	6.7	7.4	8.1	8.7	9.3	9.8	10.4	10.9	11.3	11.8	12.2	12.6	13	13.4	13.8	14.1	14.5	14.8	15.1	
																												
	Metal	1.2	1.3	2	2.5	2.9	3.2	3.5	3.8	4	4.2	4.3	4.5	4.6	4.7	4.8	4.9	5	5.1	5.1	5.2	5.2	5.3	5.4	5.4	5.4	5.5	
																												
4	Wood	1.4	1.6	2.6	3.6	4.5	5.3	6.1	6.9	7.6	8.3	9	9.6	10.2	10.8	11.3	11.9	12.4	12.8	13.3	13.7	14.2	14.6	14.9	15.3	15.7	16	
																												
	Metal	1.2	1.3	2	2.6	3	3.4	3.7	4	4.2	4.5	4.6	4.8	5	5.1	5.2	5.3	5.4	5.5	5.6	5.7	5.8	5.8	5.9	5.9	6	6	
																												
4.5	Wood	1.4	1.6	2.6	3.6	4.5	5.4	6.2	7.1	7.8	8.5	9.2	9.9	10.5	11.2	11.7	12.3	12.8	13.3	13.8	14.3	14.8	15.2	15.7	16.1	16.5	16.9	
																												
	Metal	1.2	1.3	2.1	2.6	3.1	3.5	3.9	4.2	4.5	4.7	4.9	5.1	5.3	5.4	5.6	5.7	5.8	5.9	6	6.1	6.2	6.3	6.4	6.4	6.5	6.6	
																												
5	Wood	1.4	1.6	2.6	3.6	4.6	5.5	6.3	7.2	8	8.7	9.4	10.1	10.8	11.5	12.1	12.7	13.2	13.8	14.3	14.8	15.3	15.8	16.3	16.7	17.2	17.6	
																												
	Metal	1.2	1.4	2.1	2.7	3.2	3.7	4.1	4.4	4.7	5	5.2	5.4	5.6	5.8	5.9	6.1	6.2	6.3	6.5	6.6	6.7	6.8	6.8	6.9	7	7.1	
																												
5.5	Wood	1.4	1.6	2.6	3.6	4.6	5.5	6.4	7.3	8.1	8.9	9.6	10.3	11	11.7	12.4	13	13.6	14.2	14.7	15.3	15.8	16.3	16.8	17.3	17.8	18.2	
																												
	Metal	1.3	1.4	2.1	2.8	3.3	3.8	4.2	4.6	4.9	5.2	5.4	5.7	5.9	6.1	6.3	6.4	6.6	6.7	6.8	7	7.1	7.2	7.3	7.4	7.5	7.6	

TABLE B-13 
Assembly U-Factors for Metal Building Walls
Insulation System	Rated R-Value of Insulation	Total Rated R-Value of Insulation	Overall U-Factor for Entire Base Wall Assembly	Overall U-Factor for Assembly of Base Wall Plus Continuous Insulation (uninterrupted by framing)

Rated R-Value of Continuous Insulation	
				R-5.6	R-11.2	R-16.8	R-22.4	R-28.0	R-33.6	
Single Layer of  Mineral Fiber	
										
	None	0	1.18	0.161	0.086	0.059	0.045	0.036	0.03	
										
	R-6	6	0.184	0.091	0.06	0.045	0.036	0.03	0.026	
										
	R-10	10	0.134	0.077	0.054	0.041	0.033	0.028	0.024	
										
	R-11	11	0.123	0.073	0.052	0.04	0.033	0.028	0.024	
										
	R-13	13	0.113	0.069	0.05	0.039	0.032	0.027	0.024	
										
Double Layer of Mineral Fiber
(Second layer inside of girts)
(Multiple layers are listed in order from inside to outside)	
	R-6+R-13	19	0.07	Na	na	na	na	na	na	
										
	R-10+R-13	23	0.061	Na	na	na	na	na	na	
										
	R-13+R-13	26	0.057	Na	na	na	na	na	na	
										
	R-19+R-13	32	0.048	Na	na	na	na	na	na	

TABLE B-14 
Assembly U-Factors for Steel Frame Walls
Framing Type and Spacing Width (actual depth)	Cavity Insulation R-Value: Rated/ (effective installed [see Table A-21])	Overall U-Factor for Entire Base Wall Assembly	Overall U-Factor for Assembly of Base Wall Plus Continuous Insulation (uninterrupted by framing), Rated R-Value of Continuous Insulation	
			R-1.0	R-2.0	R-3.0	R-4.0	R-5.0	R-6.0	R-7.0	R-8.0	R-9.0	R-10.0	R-11.0	R-12.0	R-13.0	R-15.0	R-15.0	R-20.0	R-25.0	R-30.0	R-35.0	R-40.0	
Steel Framing at 16 in. OC	
(3.5 in. depth)	None(0.0)	0.352	0.26	0.207	0.171	0.146	0.128	0.113	0.102	0.092	0.084	0.078	0.072	0.067	0.063	0.059	0.056	0.044	0.036	0.03	0.026	0.023	
																							
	R-11(5.5)	0.132	0.117	0.105	0.095	0.087	0.08	0.074	0.069	0.064	0.06	0.057	0.054	0.051	0.049	0.046	0.044	0.036	0.031	0.027	0.024	0.021	
																							
	R-13(6.0)	0.124	0.111	0.1	0.091	0.083	0.077	0.071	0.066	0.062	0.059	0.055	0.052	0.05	0.048	0.045	0.043	0.036	0.03	0.026	0.023	0.021	
																							
	R-15(6.4)	0.118	0.106	0.096	0.087	0.08	0.074	0.069	0.065	0.061	0.057	0.054	0.051	0.049	0.047	0.045	0.043	0.035	0.03	0.026	0.023	0.021	
																							
(6.0 in. depth)	R-19(7.1)	0.109	0.099	0.09	0.082	0.076	0.071	0.066	0.062	0.058	0.055	0.052	0.05	0.047	0.045	0.043	0.041	0.034	0.029	0.026	0.023	0.02	
																							
	R-21(7.4)	0.106	0.096	0.087	0.08	0.074	0.069	0.065	0.061	0.057	0.054	0.051	0.049	0.047	0.045	0.043	0.041	0.034	0.029	0.025	0.022	0.02	
																							
Steel Framing at 24 in. OC	
(3.5 in. depth)	None(0.0)	0.338	0.253	0.202	0.168	0.144	0.126	0.112	0.1	0.091	0.084	0.077	0.072	0.067	0.063	0.059	0.056	0.044	0.036	0.03	0.026	0.023	
																							
	R-11(6.6)	0.116	0.104	0.094	0.086	0.079	0.073	0.068	0.064	0.06	0.057	0.054	0.051	0.048	0.046	0.044	0.042	0.035	0.03	0.026	0.023	0.021	
																							
	R-13(7.2)	0.108	0.098	0.089	0.082	0.075	0.07	0.066	0.062	0.058	0.055	0.052	0.049	0.047	0.045	0.043	0.041	0.034	0.029	0.025	0.023	0.02	
																							
	R-15(7.8)	0.102	0.092	0.084	0.078	0.072	0.067	0.063	0.059	0.056	0.053	0.05	0.048	0.046	0.044	0.042	0.04	0.034	0.029	0.025	0.022	0.02	
(6.0 in. depth)																							
	R-19(8.6)	0.094	0.086	0.079	0.073	0.068	0.064	0.06	0.057	0.054	0.051	0.048	0.046	0.044	0.042	0.041	0.039	0.033	0.028	0.025	0.022	0.02	
																							
	R-21(9.0)	0.09	0.083	0.077	0.071	0.066	0.062	0.059	0.055	0.052	0.05	0.048	0.045	0.043	0.042	0.04	0.038	0.032	0.028	0.024	0.022	0.02	

Table B-15 
Assembly U-Factors for Wood Frame Walls

	Framing Type and Spacing Width (actual Depth)	Cavity Insulation R-Value: Rated/(effective stalled [see Table A-24])	Overall U-Factor for Entire Bas Wall	Overall U-Factor for Assembly of Base Wall Plus Continuous Insulation (uninterrupted by framing)
Rated R-Value of Continuous Insulation	
				R-1.0	E-2.0	R-3.0	R-4.0	R-5.0	R-6.0	R-7.0	R-8.0	R-9.0	R-10.0	R-11.0	R-12.0	R-13.0	R-14.0	R-15.0	R-20.0	R-25.0	R-30.0	R-35.0	R-40.0	
	Wood Studs at 16 in. OC	
	(3.5 in. depth)	None(0.0)	0.292	0.223	0.181	0.152	0.132	0.116	0.104	0.094	0.086	0.079	0.073	0.068	0.064	0.06	0.056	0.053	0.042	0.035	0.03	0.026	0.023	
																								
		R-11(11.0)	0.096	0.087	0.079	0.073	0.068	0.063	0.059	0.056	0.053	0.05	0.048	0.046	0.044	0.042	0.04	0.038	0.032	0.028	0.024	0.022	0.02	
																								
		R-13(13.0)	0.089	0.08	0.074	0.068	0.063	0.059	0.056	0.053	0.05	0.047	0.045	0.043	0.041	0.04	0.038	0.037	0.031	0.027	0.024	0.021	0.019	
																								
		R-15(15.0)	0.083	0.075	0.069	0.064	0.06	0.056	0.053	0.05	0.047	0.045	0.043	0.041	0.039	0.038	0.036	0.035	0.03	0.026	0.023	0.02	0.019	
																								
	(5.5 in. depth)																							
		R-19(18.0)	0.067	0.062	0.058	0.054	0.051	0.048	0.046	0.044	0.042	0.04	0.038	0.037	0.036	0.034	0.033	0.032	0.027	0.024	0.021	0.019	0.018	
																								
		R-21(21.0)	0.063	0.058	0.054	0.051	0.048	0.045	0.043	0.041	0.039	0.038	0.036	0.035	0.034	0.032	0.031	0.03	0.026	0.023	0.021	0.019	0.017	
																								
	+R-10 headers)																							
		R-19(18.0)	0.063	0.059	0.055	0.052	0.049	0.047	0.045	0.043	0.041	0.039	0.038	0.036	0.035	0.034	0.033	0.031	0.027	0.024	0.021	0.019	0.017	
																								
		R-21(21.0)	0.059	0.055	0.051	0.049	0.046	0.044	0.042	0.04	0.038	0.037	0.035	0.034	0.033	0.032	0.031	0.03	0.026	0.023	0.02	0.018	0.017	
																								
	Wood Studs at 24 in.OC	
	(3.5 in. depth)	None(0.0)	0.298	0.227	0.183	0.154	0.133	0.117	0.105	0.095	0.086	0.079	0.074	0.068	0.064	0.06	0.057	0.054	0.042	0.035	0.03	0.026	0.023	
																								
		R-11(11.0)	0.094	0.085	0.078	0.072	0.067	0.062	0.059	0.055	0.052	0.05	0.047	0.045	0.043	0.041	0.04	0.038	0.032	0.027	0.024	0.022	0.019	
																								
		R-13(13.0)	0.086	0.078	0.072	0.067	0.062	0.058	0.055	0.052	0.049	0.047	0.045	0.043	0.041	0.039	0.038	0.036	0.031	0.026	0.023	0.021	0.019	
																								
		R-15(15.0)	0.08	0.073	0.067	0.062	0.058	0.055	0.052	0.049	0.046	0.044	0.042	0.04	0.039	0.037	0.036	0.035	0.029	0.026	0.023	0.02	0.018	
																								
	(5.5 in. depth)																							
		R-19(18.0)	0.065	0.06	0.056	0.053	0.05	0.047	0.045	0.043	0.041	0.039	0.038	0.036	0.035	0.034	0.033	0.032	0.027	0.024	0.021	0.019	0.018	
																								
		R-21(21.0)	0.06	0.056	0.052	0.049	0.046	0.044	0.042	0.04	0.038	0.037	0.036	0.034	0.033	0.032	0.031	0.03	0.026	0.023	0.02	0.018	0.017	
																								
	(+ R-10 headers)																							
		R-19(18.0)	0.062	0.058	0.054	0.051	0.048	0.046	0.044	0.042	0.04	0.039	0.037	0.036	0.034	0.033	0.032	0.031	0.027	0.024	0.021	0.019	0.017	
																								
		R-21(21.0)	0.057	0.053	0.05	0.047	0.045	0.043	0.041	0.039	0.037	0.036	0.035	0.033	0.032	0.031	0.03	0.029	0.025	0.023	0.02	0.018	0.017	

TABLE B-16 
Assembly C-Factors for Below-Grade Walls
Framing Type & Depth

	Rated R-Value of Insulation Alone	Specified C-Factors (wall only, without soil & air films)	
No Framing	0	1.140	
Exterior Insulation continuous and uninterrupted by framing	
No Framing	5.0	0.170	
No Framing	7.5	0.119	
No Framing	10.0	0.092	
No Framing	12.5	0.075	
No Framing	15.0	0.063	
No Framing	17.5	0.054	
No Framing	20.0	0.048	
No Framing	25.0	0.039	
No Framing	30.0	0.032	
No Framing	35.0	0.028	
No Framing	40.0	0.025	
No Framing	45.0	0.022	
No Framing	50.0	0.020	
Continuous Framing at 24 in. OC horizontally	
3.5 in	11.0	0.182	
3.5 in	13.0	0.174	
3.5 in	15.0	0.168	
5.5 in	19.0	0.125	
5.5 in	21.0	0.120	
1 in metal clips at 24 in. OC horizontally & 16 in. vertically	
1 in	3.8	0.233	
1 in	5.0	0.201	
1 in	5.6	0.189	
1.5 in	5.7	0.173	
1.5 in	7.5	0.147	
1.5 in	8.4	0.138	
2 in	7.6	0.138	
2 in	10.0	0.116	
2 in	11.2	0.108	
2.5 in	9.5	0.114	
2.5 in	12.5	0.096	
2.5 in	14.0	0.089	
3 in	11.4	0.098	
3 in	15.0	0.082	
3 in	16.8	0.076	
3.5 in	13.3	0.085	
3.5 in	17.5	0.071	
3.5 in	19.6	0.066	
4 in	15.2	0.076	
4 in	20.0	0.063	
4 in	22.4	0.058	

TABLE B-17 
Effective Insulation/Framing Layer R-Values for Wall Insulation Installed Between Steel Framing
Nominal Depth of Cavity (in.)	Actual Depth of Cavity (in.)	Rated R-Value of Airspace or Insulation	Effective Framing/ Cavity R-Value at 16 in. on center	Effective Framing/Cavity at 24 in. on center	
Empty cavity, no insulation	
4	3.5	R-0.91	0.79	0.91	
					
Insulated Cavity	
4	3.5	R-11	5.5	6.6	
4	3.5	R-13	6	7.2	
4	3.5	R-15	6.4	7.8	
6	6	R-19	7.1	8.6	
6	6	R-21	7.4	9	
8	8	R-25	7.8	9.6	

B2.3 Opaque Doors. All opaque doors with U-factors determined, certified, and labeled in accordance with NFRC 100 as specified in B1.1.3 shall be assigned those U-factors. Unlabeled opaque doors shall be assigned those the following U-factors.:
B2.3.1 Unlabeled Opaque Doors.  Unlabeled opaque doors shall be assigned the following U-factors.
a.	Uninsulated single-layer metal swinging doors or nonswinging doors, including single-layer uninsulated access hatches and uninsulated smoke vents: 1.45
b.	Uninsulated double-layer metal swinging doors or nonswinging doors, including double-layer uninsulated access hatches and uninsulated smoke vents: 0.70
c.	Insulated metal swinging doors, including fire-rated doors, insulated access hatches, and insulated smoke vents: 0.50
d.	Wood doors, minimum nominal thickness of 1 3/4 inches (44 mm), including panel doors with minimum panel thickness of 1 1/8 inches (29 mm), solid core flush doors, and hollow core flush doors: 0.50.
e.	Any other wood door: 0.60 
No credit shall be given for any other features, including thermal breaks in metal door slabs (the operable part of the door) or frames, other than as determined in accordance with B1.1.3.

B2.4 Roofs
B2.4.1 General. The buffering effect of suspended ceilings or attic spaces shall not be included in U-factor calculations.
B2.4.2 Roofs with Insulation Entirely Above Deck. U-factors for roofs with insulation entirely above deck shall be taken from Table B-19. It is not acceptable to use these U-factors if the insulation is not entirely above deck or not continuous. 
B2.4.2.1 General. For the purpose of applicant-determined assembly U-factors, C-factors, f-factors, or heat capacities B1.4.2, the base assembly is continuous insulation over a structural deck. The U-factor includes R-0.17 for exterior air film, R-0 for metal deck, and R-0.61 for interior air film heat flow up. Added insulation is continuous and uninterrupted by framing. The framing factor is 0. 
B2.4.2.2 Rated R-Value of insulation.  For roofs with insulation entirely above deck, the rated R-value of insulation is for continuous insulation.
Exception:  Interruptions for framing and pads for mechanical equipment are permitted with a combined total area not exceeding one percent of the total opaque assembly area. 
B2.4.2.3 U-factor. U-factors for roofs with insulation entirely above deck shall be taken from Table B-19  It is not acceptable to use these U-factors if the insulation is not entirely above deck or not continuous.  
B2.4.3 Metal Building Roofs. U-factors for metal building roofs shall be taken from Table B-20. It is not acceptable to use these U-factors if additional insulated sheathing is not continuous. 
B2.4.3.1 General. For the purpose of applicant-determined assembly U-factors, C-factors, f-factors, or heat capacities B1.4.2, the base assembly is a roof where the insulation is draped over the steel structure (purlins) and then compressed when the metal spanning members are attached to the steel structure (purlins). Additional assemblies include continuous insulation, uncompressed and uninterrupted by framing.
B2.4.3.2 Rated R-Value of insulation. 
B2.4.3.1.1 The first rated R-value of insulation is for insulation draped over purlins and then compressed when the metal spanning members are attached, or for insulation hung between the purlins, provided there is a minimum 1 inch (25 mm) thermal break between the purlins and the metal spanning members.
B2.4.3.1.2 For double-layer installations, the second rated R-value of insulation is for insulation installed parallel to the purlins.
B2.4.3.1.3 For continuous insulation (e.g. insulation boards), it is assumed that the insulation boards are installed below the purlins and are uninterrupted by framing members.  Insulation exposed to the conditioned space or semiheated space shall have a facing, and all insulation seams shall be continuously sealed to provide a continuous air barrier.
B2.4.3.3 U-factor. U-factors for metal building roofs shall be taken from Table B-20. It is not acceptable to use these U-factors if additional insulated sheathing is not continuous.
B2.4.4 Attic Roofs with Wood Joists. 
B2.4.4.1 General. For the purpose of applicant-determined assembly U-factors, C-factors, F-factors, or heat capacities, the base attic roof assembly is a roof with a nominal 4 inch (102 mm) deep wood as the lower chord of a roof truss or ceiling joist. 
U-factors for attic roofs with wood joists shall be taken from Table B-21. It is not acceptable to use these U-factors if the framing is not wood. For attic roofs with steel joists, see Section B2.4.5. For the purpose of Section B1.4.2, the base attic roof assembly is a roof with a nominal 4 in. deep wood as the lower chord of a roof truss or ceiling joist. The ceiling is attached directly to the lower chord of the truss and the attic space above is ventilated. Insulation is located directly on top of the ceiling, first filling the cavities between the wood and then later covering both the wood and cavity areas. No credit is given for roofing materials. The single-rafter roof is similar to the base attic roof, with the key difference being that there is a single, deep rafter to which both the roof and the ceiling are attached. The heat flow path through the rafter is calculated to be the same depth as the insulation. The U-factor includes R-0.46 for semi-exterior air film, R-0.56 for 0.625 inches (16 mm) gypsum board, and R-0.61 for interior air film heat flow up. U-factors are provided for the following configurations:
a. Attic roof, standard framing: insulation is tapered around the perimeter with resultant decrease in thermal resistance. Weighting factors are 85 percent full-depth insulation, 5 percent half-depth insulation, and 10 percent joists.
b. Attic roof, advanced framing: full and even depth of insulation extending to the outside edge of exterior walls. Weighting factors are 90 percent full-depth insulation and 10 percent joists.
c. Single-rafter roof: an attic roof where the roof sheathing and ceiling are attached to the same rafter. Weighting factors are 90 percent full-depth insulation and 10 percent joists.
B2.4.4.2 Rated R-Value of Insulation. 
B2.4.4.2.1 For attics and other roofs, the rated R-value of insulation is for insulation installed both inside and outside the roof or entirely inside the roof cavity.
B2.4.4.2.2 Occasional interruption by framing members is allowed but required that the framing members be covered with insulation when the depth of the insulation exceeds the depth of the framing cavity.
B2.4.4.2.3 Insulation in such roofs shall be permitted to be tapered at the eaves where the building structure does not allow full depth.
B2.4.4.2.4 For single-rafter roofs, the requirement is the lesser of the values for attics and other roofs and those listed in Table B-21A.

TABLE B-21A
Single Rafter Roofs

Minimum Insulation R-Value
or Maximum Assembly U-Factor	
Wood Rafter Depth, d (actual)	
d < 8 in.	8 < d < 10 in.	10 < d < 12 in.	
R-19
U-0.055	R-30
U-0.036	R-38
U-0.028	

B2.4.4.3 U-factors for attic roofs with wood joists.  U-factors for attic roofs with wood joists shall be taken from Table B-21B.  It is not acceptable to use these U-factors if the framing is not wood. For attic roofs with steel joists, see Section B2.4.5.

B2.4.5 Attic Roofs with Steel Joists. 
B2.4.5.1 General.  U-factors for attic roofs with steel joists shall be taken from Table B-22. It is acceptable to use these U-factors for any attic roof with steel joists. For the purpose of applicant-determined assembly U-factors, C-factors, f-factors, or heat capacities Section B1.4.2, the base assembly is a roof supported by steel joists with insulation between the joists. The assembly represents a roof in many ways similar to a roof with insulation entirely above deck and a metal building roof. It is distinguished from the metal building roof category in that there is no metal exposed to the exterior. It is distinguished from the roof with insulation entirely above deck in that the insulation is located below the deck and is interrupted by metal trusses that provide thermal bypasses to the insulation. The U-factor includes R-0.17 for exterior air film, R-0 for metal deck, and R-0.61 for interior air film heat flow up. The performance of the insulation/framing layer is calculated using the values in Table B-18.
B2.4.5.2 U-factors for attic roofs with steel joists shall be taken from Table B-22.

TABLE B-18
Effective Insulation/Framing Layer R-Values for Roof and
Floor Insulation Installed Between Metal Framing (4 ft on center)
Rated R-Value of Insulation	Correction Factor	Framing/Cavity R-Value	
0	1	0	
			
4	0.97	3.88	
			
5	0.96	4.8	
			
8	0.94	7.52	
			
10	0.92	9.2	
			
11	0.91	10.01	
			
12	0.9	10.8	
			
13	0.9	11.7	
			
15	0.88	13.2	
			
16	0.87	13.92	
			
19	0.86	16.34	
			
20	0.85	17	
			
21	0.84	17.64	
			
24	0.82	19.68	
			
25	0.81	20.25	
			
30	0.79	23.7	
			
35	0.76	26.6	
			
38	0.74	28.12	
			
40	0.73	29.2	
			
45	0.71	31.95	
			
50	0.69	34.5	
			
55	0.67	36.85	

TABLE B-19
Assembly U-Factors for Roofs with Insulation
Entirely Above Deck

Rated R-Value of 
Insulation Alone	Overall U-Factor for
Entire Assembly	
R-0
R-1
R-2
R-3
R-4
R-5	U-1.282
U-0.562
U-0.360
U-0.265
U-0.209
U-0.173	
R-6
R-7
R-8
R-9
R-10	U-0.147
U-0.129
U-0.114
U-0.102
U-0.093	
R-11
R-12
R-13
R-14
R-15	U-0.085
U-0.078
U-0.073
U-0.068
U-0.063	
R-16
R-17
R-18
R-19
R-20	U-0.060
U-0.056
U-0.053
U-0.051
U-0.048	
R-21
R-22
R-23
R-24
R-25	U-0.046
U-0.044
U-0.042
U-0.040
U-0.039	
R-26
R-27
R-28
R-29
R-30	U-0.037
U-0.036
U-0.035
U-0.034
U-0.032	
R-35	U- 0.028	
R-40	U-0.025	
R-45	U-0.020	
R-50	U-0.020	
R-55	U-0.018	
R-60	U-0.016	

TABLE B-20 
Assembly U-Factors for Metal Building Roofs

Insulation
System	Rated R-Valueof
Insulation	Total rated
R-value of
Insulation	Overall U-Factor for Entire Base Roof Assembly	Overall U-Factor for Assembly of Base Roof Plus Continuous Insulation
(uninterrupted by framing
Rated R-Value of Continuous Insulation	
				R-5.6	R-11.2	R-16.8	R-22.4	R-28.0	R-33.6	
Standing Seam Roofs with Thermal Blocks
Single                None                0                     1.280                 0.162         0.087      0.059        0.045        0.036       0.030
Layer                  R-6                  6                     0.167                 0.086         0.058      0.044        0.035        0.029       0.025
                          R-10               10                     0.097                 0.063         0.046      0.037         0.031       0.026       0.023
                          R-11               11                     0.092                 0.061         0.045      0.036         0.030       0.026       0.022
                          R-13               13                     0.083                 0.057         0.043      0.035         0.029       0.025       0.022
                          R-16               16                     0.072                 0.051         0.040      0.033         0.028       0.024       0.021
                          R-19               19                     0.065                 0.048         0.038      0.031         0.026       0.023       0.020	
Double              R-10 + R-10   20                     0.063                 0.047          0.037     0.031         0.026       0.023       0.020
Layer                R-10 + R-11    21                     0.061                 0.045          0.036    0.030         0.026        0.023       0.020
                         R-11 + R-11    22                     0.060                 0.045          0.036    0.030         0.026        0.022       0.020
                         R-10 + R-13    23                     0.058                 0.044          0.035    0.029         0.025        0.022       0.020
                         R-11 + R-13    24                     0.057                 0.043          0.035    0.029         0.025        0.022       0.020
                         R-13 + R-13    26                     0.055                 0.042          0.034    0.029          0.025       0.022       0.019
                         R-10 + R-19    29                     0.052                 0.040          0.033    0.028          0.024       0.021       0.019
                         R-11 + R-19     30                    0.051                 0.040          0.032    0.027          0.024       0.021       0.019
                         R-13 + R-19     32                    0.049                 0.038          0.032    0.027          0.023       0.021       0.019
                         R-16 + R-19     35                    0.047                 0.037          0.031    0.026          0.023       0.020       0.018
                         R-19 + R-19     38                    0.046                 0.037          0.030    0.026          0.023       0.020       0.018
(Multiple R-values are listed in order from inside to outside)
	
Screw Down Roofs
                         R-10                10                    0.153                  0.082          0.056    0.043         0.035        0.029       0.025
                         R-11                11                    0.139                  0.078          0.054    0.042         0.034        0.028       0.025
                         R-13                13                    0.130                  0.075          0.053    0.041         0.033        0.028       0.024	
Filled Cavity with Thermal Blocks
                         R19 + R-10     29                    0.041                  0.033          0.028     0.024        0.021        0.0198     0.017
(Multiple R-values are listed in order from inside to outside)	

TABLE B-21B 
Assembly U-Factors for Attic Roofs
with Wood Joists

Rated R-Value of
Insulation Alone
	Overall U-Factor for
Entire Assembly	
Wood-framed attic, 
standard framing
None
R-11
R-13
R-19
R-30
R-38
R-49
R-60
R-71
R-82
R-93
R-104
R-115
R-126	
0.613
0.091
0.081
0.053
0.034
0.027
0.021
0.017
0.015
0.013
0.011
0.010
0.009
0.008	
Wood-framed attic, advanced framing
None
R-11
R-13
R-19
R-30
R-38
R-49
R-60
R-71
R-82
R-93
R-104
R-115
R-126	
0.613
0.088
0.078
0.051
0.032
0.026
0.020
0.016
0.014
0.012
0.011
0.010
0.009
0.008	
Wood joists, single rafter roof
None
R-11
R-13
R-15
R-19
R-21
R-25
R-30
R-38	
0.417
0.088
0.078
0.071
0.055
0.052
0.043
0.036
0.028	

TABLE B-22
Assembly U-Factors for Attic Roofs
with Steel Joists (4.0 ft on center)

Rated R-Value of
Insulation Area	Overall U-Factor for
Entire Assembly	
R-0
R-4
R-5
R-8
R-10	U-1.282
U-0.215
U-0.179
U-0.120
U-0.100	
R-11
R-12
R-13
R-15
R-16
R-19	U-0.093
U-0.086
U-0.080
U-0.072
U-0.068
U-0.058	
R-20
R-21
R-24
R-25
R-30	U-0.056
U-0.054
U-0.049
U-0.048
U-0.041	
R-35
R-38
R-40
R-45
R-50
R-55	U-0.037
U-0.035
U-0.033
U-0.031
U-0.028
U-0.027	

B2.5 Floors
B2.5.1 General. The buffering effect of crawl spaces or parking garages shall not be included in U-factor calculations. See Section B2.5.5 for slab-on-grade floors.
B2.5.2 Mass Floors. U-factors for mass floors shall be taken from Table B-23. It is not acceptable to use these U-factors if the insulation is not continuous. 
B2.5.2.1 General. For the purpose of applicant-determined assembly U-factors, C-factors, f-factors, or heat capacities B1.4.2, the base assembly is continuous insulation over or under a solid concrete floor. The U-factor includes R-0.92 for interior air film—heat flow down, R-1.23 for carpet and rubber pad, R-0.50 for 8 inch (203 mm) concrete, and R-0.46 for semi-exterior air film. Added insulation is continuous and uninterrupted by framing. Framing factor is zero.
B2.5.2.2 Rated R-Value of Insulation for Mass Floors.
B2.5.2.2.1 The rated R-value of insulation is for continuous insulation uninterrupted by framing. 
B2.5.2.2.2 Where framing, including metal and wood joists, is used, compliance shall be based on the maximum assembly U-factor rather than the minimum rated R-value of insulation. 
B2.5.2.2.3 For waffle-slab floors, the floor shall be insulated either on the interior above the slab or on all exposed surfaces of the waffle. 
B2.5.2.2.4 For floors with beams that extend below the floor slab, the floor shall be insulated either on the interior above the slab or on the exposed floor and all exposed surfaces of the beams that extend 24 inches (610 mm) and less below the exposed floor.
B2.5.2.3 U-Factors for Mass Floors. 
B2.5.2.3.1.The U-factors for mass floors shall be taken from Table B-23. 
B2.5.2.3.2 It is not acceptable to use the U-factors in Table B-23 if the insulation is not continuous.
B2.5.3 Steel Joist Floors. U-factors for steel joist floors shall be taken from Table B-24. It is acceptable to use these U-factors for any steel joist floor. 
B2.5.3.1 General. For the purpose of applicant-determined assembly U-factors, C-factors, f-factors, or heat capacities B1.4.2, the base assembly is a floor where the insulation is either placed between the steel joists or is sprayed on the underside of the floor and the joists. In both cases, the steel provides a thermal bypass to the insulation. The U-factor includes R-0.92 for interior air film—heat flow down, R-1.23 for carpet and pad, R-0.25 for 4 inch (102 mm) concrete, R-0 for metal deck, and R-0.46 for semi-exterior air film. The performance of the insulation/framing layer is calculated using the values in Table B-18.
B2.5.3.2 Rated R-Value of Insulation for Steel-Joist Floors.  
B2.5.3.2.1 The first rated R-value of insulation is for uncompressed insulation installed in the cavity between steel joists or for spray-on insulation. 
B2.5.3.2.2 It is acceptable for this insulation to also be continuous insulation uninterrupted by framing. All continuous insulation shall be installed either on the interior above the floor structure or below a framing cavity completely filled with insulation.
B2.5.3.3 U-Factors for Steel-Joist Floors.
B2.5.3.3.1 U-factors for steel joist floors shall be taken from Table B-24. 
B2.5.3.3.2 It is acceptable to use these U-factors for any steel joist floor.

B2.5.4 Wood-Framed and other Floors. 
B2.5.4.1 General. U-factors for wood-framed floors shall be taken from Table B-25. It is not acceptable to use these U-factors if the framing is not wood. For the purpose of applicant-determined assembly U-factors, C-factors, f-factors, or heat capacities B1.4.2, the base assembly is a floor attached directly to the top of the wood joist and with insulation located directly below the floor, with a ventilated airspace below the insulation. The heat flow path through the joist is calculated to be the same depth as the insulation. The U-factor includes R-0.92 for interior air film—heat flow down, R-1.23 for carpet and pad, R-0.94 for 0.75 inch (19 mm) wood subfloor, and R-0.46 for semi-exterior air film. The weighting factors are 91 percent insulated cavity and 9 percent framing.
B2.5.4.2 Rated R-Value of Insulation for Wood-Framed and Other Floors.
B2.5.4.2.1 . The first rated R-value of insulation is for uncompressed insulation installed in the cavity between wood joists. 
B2.5.4.2.2 It is acceptable for this insulation to also be continuous insulation uninterrupted by framing. All continuous insulation shall be installed either on the interior above the floor structure or below a framing cavity completely filled with insulation.
B2.5.4.3 U-Factors for Wood-Framed Floors 
B2.5.4.3.1 U-factors for wood-framed floors shall be taken from Table B-25. 
B2.5.4.3.2 It is not acceptable to use these U-factors if the framing is not wood.
B2.5.5 Slab-on-Grade Floors. F-factors for slab-on-grade floors shall be taken from Table B-26. These F-factors are acceptable for all slab-on-grade floors. 
B2.5.5.1 General. For the purpose of applicant-determined assembly U-factors, C-factors, f-factors, or heat capacities B1.4.2, the base assembly is a slab floor of 6 inch (152 mm). concrete poured directly on to the earth, the bottom of the slab is at grade line, and soil conductivity is 0.75 Btu/h·ft2·oF. In contrast to the U-factor for floors, the F-factor for slab-on-grade floors is expressed per lineal foot of building perimeter. F-factors are provided for unheated slabs and for heated slabs. Unheated slab-on-grade floors do not have heating elements, and heated slab-on-grade floors do have heating elements within or beneath the slab. F-factors are provided for three insulation configurations:
a. Horizontal insulation: continuous insulation is applied directly to the underside of the slab and extends inward horizontally from the perimeter for the distance specified or continuous insulation is applied downward from the top of the slab and then extends horizontally to the interior or the exterior from the perimeter for the distance specified.
b. Vertical insulation: continuous insulation is applied directly to the slab exterior, extending downward from the top of the slab for the distance specified.
c. Fully insulated slab: continuous insulation extends downward from the top of the slab and along the entire perimeter and completely covers the entire area under the slab.
B2.5.5.2 Rated R-Value of Insulation for Slab-on-Grade Floors.
B2.5.5.2.1 The rated R-value of insulation shall be installed around the perimeter of the slab-on-grade floor to the distance specified. 
Exception.  For a monolithic slab-on-grade floor, the insulation shall extend from the top of the slab-on-grade to the bottom of the footing.
B2.5.5.2.2 Insulation installed outside the foundation wall shall extend from the top of the slab or downward to at least the bottom of the slab and then horizontally to a minimum of the distance specified. The horizontal insulation extending outside of the foundation shall be covered by pavement or by soil a minimum of 10 inches (254 mm) thick.
B2.5.5.3 F-Factors for Slab-on-Grade Floors.
B2.5.5.3.1 F-factors for slab-on-grade floors shall be taken from Table B-26. 
B2.5.5.3.2 These F-factors are acceptable for all slab-on-grade floors.

TABLE B-23 
Assembly U-Factors for Mass Floors
Framing Type & Spacing Width (actual depth)	Cavity Insulation R-Value:Rated/ (effective installed)	Overall U-Factor for Entire Base Wall Assembly	Overall U-Factor for Assembly of Base Floor Plus Continuous Insulation (uninterrupted by framing)
Rated R-Value of Continuous Insulation	
			R-1.0	R-2.0	R-3.0	R-4.0	R-5.0	R-6.0	R-7.0	R-8.0	R-9.0	R-10.0	R-11.0	R-12.0	R-13.0	R-14.0	R-15.0	R-20.0	R-25.0	R-30.0	R-35.0	R-40.0	
Concrete Floor with Rigid Foam	
	None(0.0)	0.322	0.243	0.196	0.164	0.141	0.123	0.11	0.099	0.09	0.083	0.076	0.071	0.066	0.062	0.058	0.055	0.043	0.036	0.03	0.026	0.023	
																							
Concrete Floor with Pinned Boards	
	R-4.2(4.2)	0.137	0.121	0.108	0.097	0.089	0.081	0.075	0.07	0.065	0.061	0.058	0.055	0.052	0.049	0.047	0.045	0.037	0.031	0.027	0.024	0.021	
																							
	R-6.3(6.3)	0.107	0.096	0.088	0.081	0.075	0.07	0.065	0.061	0.058	0.054	0.052	0.049	0.047	0.045	0.043	0.041	0.034	0.029	0.025	0.023	0.02	
																							
	R-8.3(8.3)	0.087	0.08	0.074	0.069	0.065	0.061	0.057	0.054	0.051	0.049	0.047	0.045	0.043	0.041	0.039	0.038	0.032	0.027	0.024	0.022	0.019	
																							
	R-10.4(10.4)	0.074	0.069	0.064	0.06	0.057	0.054	0.051	0.049	0.046	0.044	0.042	0.041	0.039	0.038	0.036	0.035	0.03	0.026	0.023	0.021	0.019	

	R-12.5(12.5)	0.064	0.06	0.057	0.054	0.051	0.048	0.046	0.044	0.042	0.041	0.039	0.038	0.036	0.035	0.034	0.033	0.028	0.025	0.022	0.02	0.018	

	R-14.6(14.6)	0.056	0.053	0.051	0.048	0.046	0.044	0.042	0.04	0.039	0.037	0.036	0.035	0.034	0.033	0.032	0.031	0.027	0.023	0.021	0.019	0.017	

	R-16.7(16.7)	0.051	0.048	0.046	0.044	0.042	0.04	0.039	0.037	0.036	0.035	0.034	0.032	0.031	0.03	0.03	0.029	0.025	0.022	0.02	0.018	0.017	
																							
Concrete Floor with Spray-on Insulation	
(1in.)	R-4(4.0)	0.141	0.123	0.11	0.099	0.09	0.083	0.076	0.071	0.066	0.062	0.058	0.055	0.052	0.05	0.047	0.045	0.037	0.031	0.027	0.024	0.021	
																							
(2in.)	R-8(8.0)	0.09	0.083	0.076	0.071	0.066	0.062	0.058	0.055	0.052	0.05	0.047	0.045	0.043	0.041	0.04	0.038	0.032	0.028	0.024	0.022	0.02	
																							
(3in.)	R-12(12.0)	0.066	0.062	0.058	0.055	0.052	0.05	0.047	0.045	0.043	0.041	0.04	0.038	0.037	0.036	0.034	0.033	0.028	0.025	0.022	0.02	0.018	
																							
(4in.)	R-16(16.0)	0.052	0.05	0.047	0.045	0.043	0.041	0.04	0.038	0.037	0.036	0.034	0.033	0.032	0.031	0.03	0.029	0.026	0.023	0.02	0.018	0.017	
																							
(5in.)	R-20(20.0)	0.043	0.041	0.04	0.038	0.037	0.036	0.034	0.033	0.032	0.031	0.03	0.029	0.028	0.028	0.027	0.026	0.023	0.021	0.019	0.017	0.016	
																							
(6in.)	R-24(24.0)	0.037	0.036	0.034	0.033	0.032	0.031	0.03	0.029	0.028	0.028	0.027	0.026	0.026	0.025	0.024	0.024	0.021	0.019	0.018	0.016	0.015	

TABLE B-24 
Assembly U-Factors for Steel Joist Floors
Framing Type and Spacing Width (actual depth)	Cavity Insulation R-Value: Rated/ (effective installed [see Table A-20])	Overall U-Factor for Entire Base Wall Assembly

	Overall U-Factor for Assembly of Base Floor Plus Continuous Insulation (uninterrupted by framing)
Rated R-Value of Continuous Insulation	
			R-1.0	R-2.0	R-3.0	R-4.0	R-5.0	R-6.0	R-7.0	R-8.0	R-9.0	R-10.0	R-11.0	R-12.0	R-13.0	R-14.0	R-15.0	R-20.0	R-25.0	R-30.0	R-35.0	R-40.0	
Steel Joist Floor with Rigid Foam	
	None(0.0)	0.35	0.259	0.206	0.171	0.146	0.127	0.113	0.101	0.092	0.084	0.078	0.072	0.067	0.063	0.059	0.056	0.044	0.036	0.03	0.026	0.023	
																							
Steel Joist Floor with Spray-on Insulation	
(1in.)	R-4(3.88)	0.148	0.129	0.114	0.103	0.093	0.085	0.078	0.073	0.068	0.064	0.06	0.056	0.053	0.051	0.048	0.046	0.037	0.032	0.027	0.024	0.021	
																							
(2in.)	R-8(7.52)	0.096	0.088	0.081	0.075	0.07	0.065	0.061	0.058	0.054	0.052	0.049	0.047	0.045	0.043	0.041	0.039	0.033	0.028	0.025	0.022	0.02	
																							
(3in.)	R-12(10.8)	0.073	0.068	0.064	0.06	0.057	0.054	0.051	0.048	0.046	0.044	0.042	0.041	0.039	0.038	0.036	0.035	0.03	0.026	0.023	0.021	0.019	
																							
(4in.)	R-16(13.92)	0.06	0.056	0.053	0.051	0.048	0.046	0.044	0.042	0.04	0.039	0.037	0.036	0.035	0.034	0.032	0.031	0.027	0.024	0.021	0.019	0.018	
																							
(5in.)	R-20(17.0)	0.05	0.048	0.046	0.044	0.042	0.04	0.039	0.037	0.036	0.035	0.033	0.032	0.031	0.03	0.03	0.029	0.025	0.022	0.02	0.018	0.017	
																							
(6in.)	R-24(19.68)	0.044	0.042	0.041	0.039	0.038	0.036	0.035	0.034	0.033	0.032	0.031	0.03	0.029	0.028	0.027	0.027	0.024	0.021	0.019	0.017	0.016	
																							
Steel Joist Floor with Batt Insulation	
	None(0.0)	0.35	0.259	0.206	0.171	0.146	0.127	0.113	0.101	0.092	0.084	0.078	0.072	0.067	0.063	0.059	0.056	0.044	0.036	0.03	0.026	0.023	
																							
	R-11(10.01)	0.078	0.072	0.067	0.063	0.059	0.056	0.053	0.05	0.048	0.046	0.044	0.042	0.04	0.039	0.037	0.036	0.03	0.026	0.023	0.021	0.019	
																							
	R-13(11.7)	0.069	0.064	0.06	0.057	0.054	0.051	0.049	0.046	0.044	0.042	0.041	0.039	0.038	0.036	0.035	0.034	0.029	0.025	0.022	0.02	0.018	
																							
	R-15(13.2)	0.062	0.059	0.055	0.052	0.05	0.047	0.045	0.043	0.042	0.04	0.038	0.037	0.036	0.034	0.033	0.032	0.028	0.024	0.022	0.02	0.018	
																							
	R-19(16.34)	0.052	0.05	0.047	0.045	0.043	0.041	0.04	0.038	0.037	0.035	0.034	0.033	0.032	0.031	0.03	0.029	0.026	0.023	0.02	0.018	0.017	
																							
	R-21(17.64)	0.049	0.047	0.044	0.043	0.041	0.039	0.038	0.036	0.035	0.034	0.033	0.032	0.031	0.03	0.029	0.028	0.025	0.022	0.02	0.018	0.017	
																							
	R-25(20.25)	0.043	0.041	0.04	0.038	0.037	0.036	0.034	0.033	0.032	0.031	0.03	0.029	0.028	0.028	0.027	0.026	0.023	0.021	0.019	0.017	0.016	
																							
	R-30C(23.70)	0.038	0.036	0.035	0.034	0.033	0.032	0.031	0.03	0.029	0.028	0.027	0.027	0.026	0.025	0.025	0.024	0.021	0.019	0.018	0.016	0.015	
																							
	R-30(23.7)	0.038	0.036	0.035	0.034	0.033	0.032	0.031	0.03	0.029	0.028	0.027	0.027	0.026	0.025	0.025	0.024	0.021	0.019	0.018	0.016	0.015	
																							
	R-38C(28.12)	0.032	0.031	0.03	0.029	0.029	0.028	0.027	0.026	0.026	0.025	0.024	0.024	0.023	0.023	0.022	0.022	0.02	0.018	0.016	0.015	0.014	
																							
	R-38(28.12)	0.032	0.031	0.03	0.029	0.029	0.028	0.027	0.026	0.026	0.025	0.024	0.024	0.023	0.023	0.022	0.022	0.02	0.018	0.016	0.015	0.014	

TABLE B-25 
Assembly U-Factors for Wood Joist Floors
Framing Type & Spacing Width (actual Depth)	Cavity Insulation R-Value: Rated/ (effective installed)	Overall U-Factor for Entire Base Wall Assembly	Overall U-Factor for Assembly of Base Floor Plus Continuous Insulation (uninterrupted by framing)
Rated R-Value of Continuous Insulation	
			R-1.0	R-2.0	R-3.0	R-4.0	R-5.0	R-6.0	R-7.0	R-8.0	R-9.0	R-10.0	R-11.0	R-12.0	R-13.0	R-14.0	R-15.0	R-20.0	R-25.0	R-30.0	R-35.0	R-40.0	
Wood Joists	
(5.5in.)	None(0.0)	0.282	0.22	0.18	0.153	0.132	0.117	0.105	0.095	0.087	0.08	0.074	0.069	0.064	0.06	0.057	0.054	0.042	0.035	0.03	0.026	0.023	
																							
	R-11(11.0)	0.074	0.069	0.064	0.06	0.057	0.054	0.051	0.048	0.046	0.044	0.042	0.04	0.039	0.037	0.036	0.035	0.03	0.026	0.023	0.02	0.019	
																							
	R-13(13.0)	0.066	0.062	0.058	0.055	0.052	0.049	0.047	0.045	0.043	0.041	0.039	0.038	0.036	0.035	0.034	0.033	0.028	0.025	0.022	0.02	0.018	
																							
	R-15(15.0)	0.06	0.057	0.053	0.05	0.048	0.046	0.044	0.042	0.04	0.038	0.037	0.036	0.034	0.033	0.032	0.031	0.027	0.024	0.021	0.019	0.017	
																							
	R-19(18.0)	0.051	0.048	0.046	0.044	0.042	0.04	0.038	0.037	0.036	0.034	0.033	0.032	0.031	0.03	0.029	0.028	0.025	0.022	0.02	0.018	0.017	
																							
	R-21(21.0)	0.046	0.043	0.042	0.04	0.038	0.037	0.035	0.034	0.033	0.032	0.031	0.03	0.029	0.028	0.027	0.027	0.023	0.021	0.019	0.017	0.016	
																							
(7.25in.)	R-25(25.0)	0.039	0.037	0.036	0.035	0.033	0.032	0.031	0.03	0.029	0.028	0.028	0.027	0.026	0.025	0.025	0.024	0.022	0.019	0.018	0.016	0.015	
																							
	R-30C(30.0)	0.034	0.033	0.032	0.031	0.03	0.029	0.028	0.027	0.026	0.026	0.025	0.024	0.024	0.023	0.023	0.022	0.02	0.018	0.016	0.015	0.014	

(9.25in.)	R-30(30.0)	0.033	0.032	0.031	0.03	0.029	0.028	0.027	0.027	0.026	0.025	0.024	0.024	0.023	0.023	0.022	0.022	0.02	0.018	0.016	0.015	0.014	

(11.25in.)	R-38C(38.0)	0.027	0.026	0.025	0.025	0.024	0.024	0.023	0.022	0.022	0.021	0.021	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.019	0.019	0.017	0.016	0.015	0.014	0.013	

(13.25in.)	R-38938.0)	0.026	0.026	0.025	0.024	0.024	0.023	0.023	0.022	0.022	0.021	0.021	0.02	0.02	0.019	0.019	0.019	0.017	0.016	0.015	0.014	0.013	

TABLE B-26 
Assembly F-Factors for Slab-on-Grade Floors
Insulation Description	Rated R-Value of Insulation	
	R-0	R-5	R-7.5	R-10	R-15	R-20	R-25	R-30	R-35	R-40	R-45	R-50	R-55	
Unheated Slabs	
None	0.73													
														
12 in. horizontal	0.72	0.71	0.71	0.71									
														
24 in. horizontal	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.69									
														
36in. Horizontal	0.68	0.67	0.66	0.66									
														
48 in. horizontal	0.67	0.65	0.64	0.63									
														
12 in. vertical	0.61	0.6	0.58	0.57	0.567	0.565	0.564						
														
24 in. vertical	0.58	0.56	0.54	0.52	0.51	0.505	0.502						
														
36 in. vertical	0.56	0.53	0.51	0.48	0.472	0.464	0.46						
														
48 in. vertical	0.54	0.51	0.48	0.45	0.434	0.424	0.419						
														
Fully insulated slab	0.46	0.41	0.36	0.3	0.261	0.233	0.213	0.198	0.186	0.176	0.168	0.161	
														
Heated Slabs	
														
None	1.35													
														
12 in. horizontal	1.31	1.31	1.3	1.3									
														
24 in. horizontal	1.28	1.27	1.26	1.25									
														
36 in. horizontal	1.24	1.21	1.2	1.18									
														
48 in. horizontal	1.2	1.17	1.13	1.11									
														
12 in. vertical	1.06	1.02	1	0.98	0.968	0.964	0.961						
														
24 in vertical	0.99	0.95	0.9	0.86	0.843	0.832	0.827						
														
36 in. vertical	0.95	0.89	0.84	0.79	0.762	0.747	0.74						
														
48in. Vertical	0.91	0.85	0.78	0.72	0.688	0.671	0.659						
														
Fully insulated slab	0.74	0.64	0.55	0.44	0.373	0.326	0.296	0.273	0.255	0.239	0.227	0.217	

B3.1  Calculation Procedures
B3.1.1  Cooling System Design Loads.  Cooling system design loads, for the purpose of sizing HVAC systems and equipment, shall be determined in accordance with one of the procedures described in Chapter 26 of the ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals or ACCA Manual N, Commercial Load Calculation.
B3.1.2  Interior Design Conditions.  Indoor design temperature and humidity conditions for general comfort applications shall be in accordance with the comfort criteria established in ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55, Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy, or Chapter 8 of the ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals, except that winter humidification and summer dehumidification are not required.  
B3.1.3  Exterior Design Conditions.  Outdoor design conditions shall be selected from the ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals, or from data obtained from the National Climatic Center or a similar recognized weather data source.  Cooling design temperatures shall be no greater than the temperature listed in the 2.0 percent column or statistically similar 0.5 percent annualized value.  Heating design temperatures shall be no lower than the temperature listed in the 99 percent column or statistically similar 0.2 percent annualized value. 
Exception: Where necessary to assure the prevention of damage to the building or to material and equipment within the building, the 1 percent column for cooling may be used.

B4.1 Lighting calculation procedures.
B4.1.2 [13-415.2.ABC.1.2] Luminaire Wattage. Luminaire wattage incorporated into the installed interior lighting power shall be determined in accordance with the following criteria:
1. The wattage of incandescent or tungsten-halogen luminaires with medium screw base sockets and not containing permanently installed ballasts shall be the maximum labeled wattage of the luminaire.
2. The wattage of luminaires with permanently installed or remote ballasts or transformers shall be the operating input wattage of the maximum lamp/auxiliary combination based on values from the auxiliary manufacturer’s literature or recognized testing laboratories.
3. The wattage of line-voltage lighting track and plug-in busway that allow the addition and/or relocation of luminaires without altering the wiring of the system shall be the specified wattage of the luminaries included in the system with a minimum of 30 watts per linear foot.
4. The wattage of low-voltage lighting track, cable conductor, rail conductor, and other flexible lighting systems that allow the addition and/or relocation of luminaires without altering the wiring of the system shall be the specified wattage of the transformer supplying the system.
5. The wattage of all other miscellaneous lighting equipment shall be the specified wattage of the lighting equipment.

[Mod 2323]