Chapter 13, Florida Building Code:
SUB-CHAPTER 4

COMMERCIAL BUILDING
COMPLIANCE METHODS

SECTION 400
ADMINISTRATION

400.0 General.  The provisions of this chapter apply to all new commercial occupancy buildings, additions to existing commercial occupancy buildings, and multifamily residential buildings over three stories in height.  Building type classifications shall be those defined in Sub-chapter 2 of this Code under “Occupancy Classification”.  This sub-chapter provides three Methods by which commercial buildings may be brought into compliance with this code.  

400.0.ABC Compliance Criteria.  Commercial buildings demonstrating compliance with this Code by Methods A or B shall meet all of the criteria given in the text as specific to the chosen method of compliance for 1 - 4 below .  Commercial buildings utilizing Method C for code compliance shall meet all criteria specified for Method C for 1, 3 and 4 below. 
1. Prescriptive Requirements.
2. Performance Calculation Procedure.
3. Certification of Compliance.
4. Reporting

400.0.A  Method A, the Whole Building Performance Method.  This is a computer-based energy code budget method computer-based annual energy performance calculation which may be used for determining the compliance of all proposed designs, except designs with no mechanical system.  Under this method, cost energy performance is calculated for the entire building based on the envelope and major energy-consuming systems specified in the design and simultaneously for a Baseline building of the same configuration, but with baseline systems.  Compliance is met if the design energy cost does not exceed the energy cost budget when calculated in accordance with this section; and the energy efficiency level of components specified in the building design meet or exceed the efficiency levels used to calculate the design energy cost.  Compliance calculations are those utilized in the EnergyGauge FLA/COM 2004 computer program and are as described in the sections called Performance Calculation Procedures.  The ratio of the total points for the As-Built Building to the total points calculated for the Baseline building shall be 1.0 or less to comply with this Code.  Basic prescriptive requirements described in the sections called Prescriptive Requirements shall must also be met.

Informative Note: The energy cost budget and the design energy cost calculations are applicable only for determining compliance with this standard. They are not predictions of actual energy consumption or costs of the proposed design after construction. Actual experience will differ from these calculations due to variations such as occupancy, building operation and maintenance, weather, energy use not covered y this standard, changes in energy rates between design of the building and occupancy, and precision of the calculation tool

400.0.B  Method B, the Building Envelope Tradeoff Component Performance Method.  This is a computer-based calculation methodology.  The building envelope complies with the standard if the proposed building meets the Basic Prescriptive Requirements (.ABC) and the envelope performance factor of the proposed building is less than or equal to the envelope performance factor of the budget building. The envelope performance factor considers only the building envelope components. Schedules of operation, lighting power, equipment power, occupant density, and mechanical systems shall be the same for both the proposed building and the budget building. Envelope performance factor shall be calculated using the EnergyGauge FLA/COM 2004 computer program and the procedures specified for each envelope component under compliance Method B (.2.B).

Under this method, components of building systems must meet minimum performance standards, as described in the sections called Performance Calculation Procedures.  Basic prescriptive requirements described in the sections called Prescriptive Requirements must also be met.  Shell buildings shall comply by Method B of this sub-chapter.

400.0.C  Method C, the Limited and Special Use Buildings Prescriptive Envelope Method.  This method requires that a list of prescriptive requirements listed on Form 400C for the appropriate climate zone specified for a given building type be met or exceeded to comply with this code. For conditioned space, the exterior building envelope shall comply with either the “nonresidential” or “residential” requirements on Form 400C, as applicable.  If a building contains any semiheated space or unconditioned space, (see Section 400.0.C.1), then the semi-exterior building envelope shall comply with the requirements for semiheated space on Form 400C. 

 The following building types may comply by Method C of this sub-chapter:
1. Detached commercial buildings of less than 200 sq ft area.
2. Skyboxes or sports stadiums.
3. Traffic safety control towers.
4. Convenience stores <5,000 sq ft. 
5. Restaurants <5,000 sq ft
6. Retail stores <5,000 sq ft
7. Office buildings <5,000 sq ft
8. School buildings <5,000 sq ft
9. Storage buildings <5,000 sq ft

400.0.C.1  Scope.  Method C may be used provided that:
(a) the vertical fenestration area does not exceed 50% of the gross wall area for each space-conditioning category and
(b) the skylight fenestration area does not exceed 5% of the gross roof area for each space-conditioning category

Requirements are specified for the exterior building envelope, which separates conditioned space from the exterior.
Exceptions: For buildings that contain spaces that will be only semi-heated or unconditioned, and if compliance Method A is used for such spaces, then Method C also specifies requirements for the semi-exterior building envelope, which separates
(a) conditioned space from either semiheated space or unconditioned space,
(b) semiheated space from either unconditioned space or from the exterior.
NOTE:  Method C does not address moisture control or provide design guidelines to prevent moisture migration that leads to condensation, mold and mildew, or deterioration to insulation or equipment performance.

400.0.C.2  Space conditioning Envelope requirements are specified by space-conditioning categories. Separate exterior building envelope requirements are specified for each of two categories of conditioned space:
a. nonresidential conditioned space,
b. residential > 3 stories conditioned space.
Spaces shall be assumed to be conditioned space and shall comply with the requirements for conditioned space at the time of construction, regardless of whether mechanical or electrical equipment is included in the building permit application or installed at that time.
Exceptions: For buildings that contain spaces without air conditioning that will be only semi-heated or unconditioned, and if alternative compliance is sought for such spaces, then all semi-heated or unconditioned spaces shall be clearly indicated on the floor plan as such, and the following semi-exterior building envelope requirements apply:
1.	If a space will be only semiheated, the space shall be considered semiheated
2.	If  a space will remain unconditioned, the space shall be considered unconditioned 

400.0.C.3  Maximum U-factor, C-factor, F-factor.  Compliance shall be shown with the maximum U-factor, C-factor, or F-factor for the entire assembly for the component in lieu of complying with the minimum rated R-value of insulation for the insulation alone. U-factors, C-factors, and F-factors for typical construction shall be determined from Appendix 13-B or by the procedures established by Appendix 13-B.

400.0.C.4  Renovated buildings.  Method D, the Renovated Buildings and Systems Method.  This method requires that a list of prescriptive requirements specified for one or more building components be met or exceeded to comply with this code.  Renovated buildings shall, when applicable (see Section 202), meet the efficiencies listed on Form 400C D for components being changed or shall comply with the envelope or systems criteria in Method B of FLA/COM for the components being changed.  Existing buildings not meeting the definition of a renovation in which new heating, cooling, water heating, electrical or lighting systems are installed shall meet the Basic Prescriptive minimum efficiencies listed in this code Form 400D for the system(s) being changed.

400.0.ABCD Compliance Criteria.  Commercial buildings demonstrating compliance with this Code by Methods A or B shall meet all of the criteria given in the text as specific to the chosen method of compliance for 1 - 4 below .  Commercial buildings utilizing Method C or D for code compliance shall meet all criteria specified for that Method C occupancy type or building configuration for 1, 3 and 4 below. 
1. Prescriptive Requirements.
2. Performance Calculation Procedure.
3. Certification of Compliance.
4. Reporting

400.1 Prescriptive Requirements.  Basic Prescriptive Requirements shall be met for all buildings.  The section number followed by the combined number and letters ".1.ABCD" indicates these Basic Prescriptive Requirements (i.e., prescriptive requirements that shall be met by buildings complying by either Method A, B, or C, or D) in Sections 401 through 415.  Prescriptive Requirements specific to Method A, B, or C, or D (i.e. ".1.B" is specific to Method B) shall be met when complying with the code by that Method.  Where a Prescriptive Requirement specific to a Method is more stringent than the Basic Prescriptive Requirement, the more stringent requirement shall be met.

400.2 Performance Calculation Procedures.  The calculation procedures contained in the personal computer-based program entitled EnergyGauge FLA/COM and those described in Sections marked either “.2.A”, “.2.B”, or “.2.C”, respectively, shall be used to demonstrate code compliance of the design for commercial buildings complying by Method A, or Method B or Method C of this chapter.  The building components' efficiency levels specified in the Method A performance compliance calculation (or amended copy submitted to the building department) are the minimum efficiencies allowed to be installed in the building.  Buildings complying by Method B are allowed performance tradeoffs for envelope features only.  Buildings complying by Method C have only prescriptive minimum requirements for envelope and equipment.

400.2.A.1 Additions.  Additions to existing buildings shall follow the same Method A calculation procedure as new construction with the following qualifications:
1.  Calculations shall be conducted using only the components of the addition itself, including those pre-existing components which separate the addition from other spaces.
2.  Efficiencies for heating and cooling systems shall be assumed to be the minimum efficiency allowed by the code for that type and size of equipment unless new equipment is installed to replace existing equipment or to service the addition specifically or higher equipment efficiencies can be documented.

400.2.A.2  Shell buildings.  Shell buildings shall comply with this code by Method B or Method C.  Once all energy-related design parameters are known, a Method A calculation may be re-submitted.

400.3 Certification of Compliance.  

400.3.ABCD.1 Code Compliance Preparation.  The FLA/COM Performance Calculation Procedures demonstrating Code compliance for Methods A and B, and Forms 400C and 400D demonstrating Code compliance for Methods C and D shall be prepared, signed and sealed by an architect or engineer registered in the State of Florida, with the exception of buildings excluded by Section 481.229, Florida Statutes, or Section 471.003, Florida Statutes.  Calculations for buildings falling within the exception of Section 471.003, Florida Statutes, may be performed by air conditioning or mechanical contractors licensed in accordance with Chapter 489, Florida Statutes, or by State of Florida certified commercial building energy raters.  

The person preparing the compliance calculation shall certify that the calculation, or amendments thereto, is true and accurate and demonstrates that the building is in compliance with the requirements of Chapter 13 of this code Florida Energy Efficiency Code For Building Construction.  

400.3.ABCD.2 Code Compliance Certification. The building's owner, the owner's architect, or other authorized agent legally designated by the owner shall certify to the building official that the building is in compliance with the requirements of Chapter 13 of this code Energy Efficiency Code For Building Construction prior to receiving the permit to begin construction or renovation.

If, during the building's construction or renovation, alterations are made in the building's design or in materials or equipment installed in the building which would diminish it's energy performance, an amended copy of the compliance certification shall be submitted to the building official on or before the date of final inspection by the building owner or his/her legally authorized agent. 

The certified FLA/COM calculation printout or Form 400C shall be a part of the plans and specifications submitted for permitting.

The party responsible under Subsections 471.003 and 481.228 and Chapter 489, Florida Statutes, for the design and specification of each building system shall certify that the plans and specifications for that system comply with the requirements of the Chapter 13 of this code Florida Energy Efficiency Code for Building Construction.  (See also Section 13-103.2).

400.3.ABCD.3 Forms.  Forms referenced in Table 400.3.ABC.3-4-1 shall be used to demonstrate code compliance with this chapter. Climate zones are listed by county and city in Appendix A of this chapter.

400.3.A Method A Forms.  An accurately completed Form 400A-04 01 (generated by the FLA/COM-04 01 computer program) demonstrating that code compliance has been achieved shall be submitted to the building official for Method A compliance.  Calculations shall be performed for the climate zone in which the building will be located and according to the procedures specified for Method A in this sub-chapter.

400.3.B Method B Forms.  An accurately completed Form 400B-04 01 (generated by the FLA/COM-04 01 computer program) demonstrating that code compliance has been achieved shall be submitted to the building official for Method B compliance.  Calculations shall be performed for the climate zone in which the building will be located and according to the procedures specified for Method B in this sub-chapter.

400.3.C Method C Forms. An accurately completed Form 400C-04 01 demonstrating that code compliance has been achieved shall be submitted to the building official for Method C compliance.  The form submitted shall be specific for the climate zone in which the building will be located.  

400.3.D Method D Forms. An accurately completed Form 400D-01 demonstrating Code compliance shall be submitted to the building official for Method D compliance.

400.4.ABCD Reporting.  A copy of the front page of the 400 series form submitted to demonstrate code compliance shall be sent by the building official to the Florida Building Commission Department of Community Affairs on a quarterly basis for reporting purposes.

TABLE 400.3.ABC.3 4-1
INDEX TO COMMERCIAL CODE COMPLIANCE FORMS

                         METHOD	                   FORM NO.	
Method A   Whole Building Performance 
Method B   Building Envelope Tradeoff Component Performance Method
Method C   Limited and Special Use Buildings Prescriptive Envelope
Method D   Renovated Buildings and Systems  Method    	Form 400A-04 01 (FLA/COM Computer printout)
Form 400B-04 01 (FLA/COM Computer printout)
Form 400C-04 01 (separate forms for N, C & S FL)
Form 400D-01 (all climate zones)	

SECTION 401
FENESTRATIONS (Glazing)

401.1 Prescriptive Requirements.  

401.1.ABCD Basic Prescriptive Requirements for Methods A, B, and C, and D.

401.1.ABCD.1 Window Leakage.  All exterior windows shall be designed to limit air leakage into and from the building envelope.  Manufactured Wwindows shall have air infiltration rates not exceeding those shown in Table 4-2 (see Section 406.1).  Site constructed windows shall be sealed in accordance with the requirements of section 406.1.

401.1.AB Calculations. All calculations and determinations of parameters used in the demonstration of compliance with this code by Methods A or B shall be conducted according to Section 401.2.

401.1.A Prescriptive Requirements Specific to Method A.  The fenestrations' solar heat gain coefficient and U-factor determined by the FLA/COM Method A performance calculation to demonstrate compliance with this code shall be the minimum performance levels allowed (maximum SHGC and U-factor). 

401.1.B Prescriptive Requirements Specific to Method B.  The fenestrations' solar heat gain coefficient and U-factor determined by the FLA/COM Method B performance calculation to demonstrate compliance with this Code shall be the minimum performance levels allowed (maximum SHGC and U-value).  

401.1.C Prescriptive Requirements Specific to Method C.  Fenestration areas of buildings complying by Method C shall be no higher than that specified on for the glazing/lighting wattage/HVAC efficiency package chosen from Table 4C of Form 400C for that occupancy type except as shown in sections 401.1.C.1 through 401.1.C.3 below.  Compliance with U-factors and solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) shall be demonstrated for the overall fenestration product, including glass, sash, and frame, as shall be determined from manufacturer’s product specification sheets in accordance with applicable test procedures. Gross wall areas and gross roof areas shall be calculated separately for each space-conditioning category for the purposes of determining compliance.
Exception: Alternatively, if there are multiple assemblies within a single class of construction for a single space-conditioning category, compliance shall be based on an area-weighted average U-factor or SHGC. It is not acceptable to do an area-weighted average across multiple classes of construction or multiple space-conditioning categories.

Glazing in doors shall be included in the fenestration area.

401.1.C.1 Fenestration Area. The total vertical fenestration area, including both fixed vertical fenestration and operable vertical fenestration, shall be less than 50% of the gross wall area. The total skylight area, including glass skylights, plastic skylights with a curb, and all skylights without a curb, shall be less than 5% of the gross roof area. 
Exception: Vertical fenestration complying with Exception 3 to 401.2.C.3.

401.1.C.2 Fenestration U-Factor. Fenestration, including fixed vertical fenestration, operable vertical fenestration, glass skylights with a curb, plastic skylights with a curb, and all skylights without a curb shall have a U-factor not greater than that specified on Form 400C for the appropriate fenestration area. U-factor for fenestration shall be determined in accordance with manufacturer’s product specification sheets in accordance with applicable test procedures.
Exception: Vertical fenestration complying with Exception 3. to 401.2.C.3 shall have a U-factor not greater than that specified for 40% of the gross wall area.

401.1.C.3 Fenestration Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC). Vertical fenestration shall have an SHGC not greater than that specified for “all” orientations on Form 400C for the appropriate total vertical fenestration area. Skylights, including glass skylights with a curb, plastic skylights with a curb, and all skylights without a curb, shall have an SHGC not greater than that specified for “all” orientations on Form 400C for the appropriate total skylight area. SHGC for fenestration shall be determined from manufacturer’s product specification sheets in accordance with applicable test procedures.  There are no SHGC requirements for semiheated spaces.  
Exceptions:
1. Alternatively, in latitudes greater than 10 degrees, the SHGC for north-oriented vertical fenestration shall be calculated separately and shall not be greater than that specified in Form 400C for north-oriented fenestration.  When this exception is used, the fenestration area used in selecting the criteria shall be calculated separately for north-oriented and all other-oriented fenestration.
2. For demonstrating compliance for vertical fenestration only, the SHGC in the proposed building shall be reduced by using the multipliers in Table 401.2.C.3 for each fenestration product shaded by permanent projections that will last as long as the building itself.
3. Vertical fenestration that is located on the street side of the street-level story only, provided that 1) the street side of the street-level story does not exceed 20 ft in height, 2) the fenestration has a continuous overhang with a weighted average projection factor greater than 0.5, and 3) the fenestration area for the street side of the street-level story is less than 75% of the gross wall area for the street side of the street-level story. When this exception is utilized, separate calculations shall be performed for these sections of the building envelope, and these values shall not be averaged with any others for compliance purposes. No credit shall be given here or elsewhere in the building for not fully utilizing the fenestration area allowed. 

TABLE 401.1.C.3
SHGC Multipliers for Permanent Projections

Projection Factor	SHGC Multiplier
(All Other Orientations)	SHGC Multiplier
(North-Oriented	
0 – 0.10	1.00	1.00	
<0.10 – 0.20	0.91	0.95	
<0.20 – 0.30	0.82	0.91	
<0.30 – 0.40	0.74	0.87	
<0.40 – 0.50	0.67	0.84	
<0.50 – 0.60	0.61	0.81	
<0.60 – 0.70	0.56	0.78	
<0.70 – 0.80	0.51	0.76	
<0.80 – 0.90	0.47	0.75	
<0.90 – 1.00	0.44	0.73	

401.1.C.1 Detached Commercial Buildings Less Than 200 sq.ft.   
Glass area:  No limit
Overhang:    Minimum 1 foot if not under another structure; or
	          No overhang with a Solar Heat Gain Coefficient of 0.48 or less 
401.1.C.2 Skyboxes or Sports Stadiums.
Glass area:  No limit with a Solar Heat Gain Coefficient of 0.48 or less 
401.1.C.3 Traffic Safety Control Towers.
Glass area:  No limit
Overhang:    Minimum 1 foot if not under another structure; or
	          No overhang with a Solar Heat Gain Coefficient of 0.48 or less 
401.1.D Prescriptive Requirements Specific to Method D.  Fenestrations of renovated buildings that are to be retrofitted or replaced shall meet the following requirements:
	Climate zones 1, 2, and 3:	Insulated glazing U  0.87	
	Climate zones 4, 5, 6, 		61 SHGC with  1 ft overhang or
		             7, 8, 9:	48 SHGC with no overhang.		

401.2 Performance Calculation Procedures

401.2.AB Performance Calculation Procedures for Methods A and B.  Calculation procedures for determining fenestration compliance shall be in accordance with the procedures contained within Method A or Method B of the FLA/COM computer program.  Data shall be input into FLA/COM by zone by glazing area or by each glazing unit for the following parameters:  glazing orientation and area (or unit width, unit height), glazing type (or by U-factor, solar heat gain coefficient, visible transmittance), and overhang (length and height).   

401.2.AB.1 Thermal Transmittance.  The thermal resistance of fenestrations shall be calculated in accordance with the criteria in Sections 1.0 and 2.1 of Appendix B of this chapter.

401.2.AB.2 Fenestration Area.  The area of fenestrations shall include sash area and glazing in doors.  Areas for vertical glazing in clerestories and roof monitors shall be included in the wall fenestration calculation.

401.2.AB.3 Solar Heat Gain Coefficients.  The Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) for fenestrations shall be determined in accordance with the criteria in Section 2.1 3.1 of Appendix B of this chapter.

401.2.AB.4 Overhangs.  Shading may be by recessing the glazing into the building structure, by permanently mounted overhangs and projections or by permanently mounted sun shades with adequate air movement between the shading device and the fenestration.  

Complying overhangs shall be completely opaque and have the effect of being solid.  Overhangs with slots, slats, grids and other openings are not considered if the sun can penetrate through at any occurring angle.  Overhangs shall extend horizontally to points even with the left and right sides of the glazing.  

401.2.AB.5 Visible Light Transmittance. Visible light transmittance shall be determined in accordance with NFRC 200. Visible light transmittance shall be verified and certified by the manufacturer.

401.2.A Performance Calculation Procedures Specific to Method A.  Calculation procedures for Method A shall be those incorporated in the FLA/COM program for Method A compliance.

All components of the building envelope in the proposed design shall be modeled as shown on architectural drawings or as installed for existing building envelopes.
Exceptions: The following building elements are permitted to differ from architectural drawings.
1. Any envelope assembly that covers less than 5% of the total area of that assembly type (e.g., exterior walls) need not be separately described. If not separately described, the area of an envelope assembly must be added to the area of the adjacent assembly of that same type.
2. Exterior surfaces whose azimuth orientation and tilt differ by no more than 45 degrees and are otherwise the same may be described as either a single surface or by using multipliers.

401.2.B Performance Calculation Procedures Specific to Method B.  Calculation procedures for Method B shall be those incorporated in the FLA/COM program for Method B.

401.2.B.1 Wall Glazing Daylight Credit. For a given orientation, Daylight Credit may be used in Method B of the FLA/COM computer program only for that portion of the wall fenestration area that is less than or equal to 65% of the gross wall area of the orientation.

For shell buildings, Daylight Credit shall not be claimed for the perimeter thermal wall calculation unless the lighting controls required by section 415.1.ABC.1 are installed at the time of construction of the building shell.

For a given orientation, daylight credit may be used in Method B of FLA/COM only for that portion of the fenestration area that is less than or equal to 65% of the gross wall area of the orientation.

401.2.B.2 Daylight Credit For Skylights.

401.2.B.2.1 Daylight credit for skylights may be taken under Method B if all of the following conditions are met:
1. Skylight areas, including framing, as a percentage of the roof area, do not exceed the values allowed in FLA/COM.  Skylight areas may be interpolated only between visible light transmittance values of 0.75 and 0.50.  See section 6.1.2 of Appendix B.
2. All electric lighting fixtures within daylighted areas under skylights shall be controlled by automatic daylighting controls.  Daylight areas under skylights shall be defined as the daylight area beneath each skylight whose dimension in each direction (centered on the skylight) is equal to the skylight dimension in that direction plus the dimension of the floor to ceiling height or distance to nearest opaque wall, whichever is less.
3. The overall thermal transmittance of the skylight (Uos) assembly including framing is equal to or less than 0.7 Btu (h.ft2.oF).
4. Skylight curbs shall have thermal transmittance U-values less than or equal to 0.21 Btu/(h.ft2.oF).

401.2.B.2.2 For shell buildings, the permitted skylight area used for daylight credit in FLA/COM shall be based on a light level of 30 foot candles and a lighting power density (LPD) of less than 1.0 W/ft2.

401.2.B.3  Shell Buildings. Only those shading devices that are installed at the time of construction of the building shell shall be considered when determining compliance for shell buildings.

SECTION 402 
WALLS

402.1 Prescriptive Requirements.  

402.1.ABCD Basic Prescriptive Requirements for Methods A, B and, C, and D 

402.1.ABCD.1 Thermal Resistance Requirements for Adjacent Walls. All opaque portions of walls separating conditioned spaces and interior unconditioned spaces shall be insulated and for the following shall have an insulation R-value of at least:
	Climate Zones 1,2,3 	R-5 
	Climate Zones 4,5,6 	R-2.5
	Climate Zones 7,8,9 	R-1.6

402.1.AB.1 Calculations. All calculations and determinations of parameters used in the demonstration of compliance with this Code by Methods A or B shall be conducted according to Section 402.2.  

402.1.A Prescriptive Requirements Specific to Method A.  Efficiencies determined by the FLA/COM Method A performance calculation to demonstrate compliance with this code shall be the minimum performance level installed in walls.

402.1.B Prescriptive Requirements Specific to Method B.  Efficiencies determined by the FLA/COM Method B performance calculation to demonstrate compliance with this code shall be the minimum performance level installed in walls.

402.1.C Prescriptive Requirements Specific to Method C.  

402.1.C.1 Above-Grade Wall Insulation. All above grade walls, including mass walls, metal building walls, steel-framed walls, and wood-framed and other walls, shall have a rated R-value of insulation not less than that specified in Form 400C. Mass wall heat capacity shall be determined from Table B-10 or B-11, as appropriate. 
1.   For mass walls, the rated R-value of insulation is for continuous insulation uninterrupted by framing other than 20 gauge 1 in. metal clips spaced no closer than 24 in. on center horizontally and 16 in. on center vertically.  Where other framing, including metal and wood studs, is used, compliance shall be based on the maximum assembly U-factor. Where rated R-value of insulation is used for concrete sandwich panels, the insulation shall be continuous throughout the entire panel.
Exception:  Alternatively, for mass walls, where the requirement in the table is for a maximum assembly U-0.151 followed by an asterisk only, ASTM C90 concrete block walls, ungrouted or partially grouted at 32 in. or less on center vertically and 48 in. or less on center horizontally, shall have ungrouted cores filled with material having a maximum thermal conductivity of 0.44 Btu·in./ h·ft2·°F. Other mass walls with integral insulation shall meet the criteria when their U-factors are equal to or less than those for the appropriate thickness and density in the “Partly Grouted Cells Insulated” column of TableB-11.
2. For metal building walls, the first rated R-Value of insulation is for insulation compressed between metal wall panels and the steel structure. For double-layer installations, the second rated R-value of insulation is for insulation installed from the inside, covering the girts. For continuous insulation (e.g., insulation boards) it is assumed that the insulation boards are installed on the inside of the girts and uninterrupted by the framing members. Insulation exposed to the conditioned space or semiheated space shall have a facing, and all insulation seams shall be continuously sealed to provide a continuous air barrier.
3. For steel-framed walls, the first rated R-value of insulation is for uncompressed insulation installed in the cavity between steel studs. It is acceptable for this insulation to also be continuous insulation uninterrupted by framing. If there are two values, the second rated R-value of insulation is for continuous insulation uninterrupted by framing, etc., to be installed in addition to the first insulation. Opaque mullions in spandrel glass shall be covered with insulation complying with the steel-framed wall requirements.
4. For wood-framed and other walls, the first rated R-value of insulation is for uncompressed insulation installed in the cavity between wood studs. It is acceptable for this insulation to also be continuous insulation uninterrupted by framing. If there are two values, the second rated R-value of insulation is for continuous insulation uninterrupted by framing, etc., to be installed in addition to the first insulation.

When a wall consists of both above-grade and below-grade portions, the entire wall for that story shall be insulated on either the exterior or the interior or be integral. If insulated on the interior, the wall shall be insulated to the above-grade wall requirements. If insulated on the exterior or integral, the below-grade wall portion shall be insulated to the below-grade wall requirements, and the above-grade wall portion shall be insulated to the above-grade wall requirements.

402.1.C.2 Below-Grade Wall Insulation. Below-grade walls shall have a rated R-value of insulation not less than that specified in Form 400C. For below-grade walls, the rated R-value of insulation is for continuous insulation uninterrupted by framing. Where framing, including metal and wood studs, is used, compliance shall be based on the maximum assembly C-factor.

 Specific requirements for walls listed below shall be met for buildings covered by Method C, Limited Applications.  See Form 400C in Appendix D for a complete list of prescriptive requirements for each building type.
		Wall Construction		Minimum Insulation R-value (by type of wall)
		1.  Concrete 		R-7 (exterior, adjacent, and common)
		2.  Wood frame		R-11 (exterior, adjacent, and common)
		3.  Metal frame		R-13  (exterior, adjacent, and common)
402.1.D Prescriptive Requirements Specific to Method D.  Walls in renovated buildings that are to be retrofitted or replaced shall meet the following requirements.
		Wall Construction		Minimum Insulation R-value
		1.  Concrete 		R-7
		2.  Wood frame		R-11
		3.  Metal frame		R-13

402.2 Performance Calculation Procedures

402.2.AB Performance Calculation Procedures for Methods A and B.  Calculation procedures for determining wall compliance shall be in accordance with the procedures contained within Method A or Method B of the FLA/COM computer program.  

Data shall be input into FLA/COM by zone, by wall orientation and area (gross length, gross height), by type of wall construction (U-value, thickness, density, specific heat, heat capacity), and by insulation position.  Choosing a wall component  from the FLA/COM menu assumes ASHRAE-determined thermal transmittance, thickness, density, specific heat and heat capacity for that wall component.  

402.2.AB.1 Gross Wall Area. The gross area of exterior or adjacent walls enclosing a heated or cooled space is measured on the exterior and consists of the opaque wall including between floor spandrels, peripheral edges of flooring, window areas (including sash), and door areas but excluding vents, grilles and pipes.

402.2.AB.2 Thermal Resistance.  The thermal resistance of exterior or adjacent walls shall be calculated in accordance with the criteria of Appendix B of this chapter, section 2.1

402.2.A Performance Calculation Procedures Specific to Method A.  Calculation procedures for Method A shall be those incorporated in the FLA/COM program for Method A compliance.
402.2.B Performance Calculation Procedures Specific to Method B.  Calculation procedures for Method B shall be those incorporated in the FLA/COM program for Method B compliance.
402.2.B.1 Heating and Cooling Flux. Method B of the FLA/COM computer program calculation compares the total annual heating and cooling flux through the walls, due to heat transmission and solar gains for all orientations, of Baseline and As-Built building configurations.  Wall, window and door U-values, fenestration shading coefficients, component areas, lighting power density, equipment power density and other required information determined in accordance with the pro-cedures listed in Appendix B shall be input into FLA/COM to determine heating and/or cooling flux.  
402.2.B.1.1 Spaces Heated and Cooled. The sum of the As-Built annual wall heating and cooling fluxes shall not exceed the sum of the Baseline annual wall heating and cooling fluxes.
402.2.B.1.2 Spaces Heated Only. The As-Built annual wall heating flux shall not exceed the Baseline annual wall heating flux.
402.2.B.1.3 Spaces Cooled Only. The As-Built annual wall cooling flux shall not exceed the Baseline annual wall cooling flux.
402.2.B.2 Lighting Power Density. The Lighting Power Density used in wall compliance calculations in Method B of the FLA/COM computer program shall be the average lighting power density of the proposed design in W/ft2.  For shell buildings, the lighting power density used shall be 2 W/ft2.
402.2.B.3 Equipment Power Density. The equipment power density used in wall compliance calculations is determined by FLA/COM (on the lighting screen) based on the occupancy specified by the Building Type.  See section 4.1.1 of Appendix B for default power density loads assigned in the Average Receptacle Power Densities Table.
402.2.B.4 Loads from Occupants.  FLA/COM assumes sensible load from occupants by occupancy type.  See section 4.1.2 of Appendix B for default heat generation values in the Occupancy Loads Table.

SECTION 403
DOORS

403.1 Prescriptive Requirements

403.1.ABCD Basic Prescriptive Requirements for Methods A, B, and C, and D.  

403.1.ABCD Door Types Allowed.  All exterior and adjacent doors other than glass doors shall be solid core wood, wood panel, or insulated doors.  Hollow core doors shall not be used in either exterior or adjacent walls.  Doors may have glass sections.

403.1.AB.1 Calculations for Methods A and B. All calculations and determinations of parameters used in the demonstration of compliance with this code by Methods A or B shall be conducted according to Section 403.2.

403.1.A Prescriptive Requirements Specific to Method A.  Efficiencies determined by the FLA/COM Method A performance calculation to demonstrate compliance with this code shall be the minimum performance level installed in doors.

403.1.B Prescriptive Requirements Specific to Method B.  Efficiencies determined by the FLA/COM Method B performance calculation to demonstrate compliance with this code shall be the minimum performance level installed in doors.

403.1.C Prescriptive Requirements Specific to Method C.  Blank for numbering consistency.

403.1.C.1 Opaque Doors. All opaque doors, including swinging doors and non-swinging doors, shall have a U-factor not greater than that specified on Form 400C.

403.1.D Prescriptive Requirements Specific to Method D.  Blank for numbering consistency.

403.2 Performance Calculation Procedures

403.2.AB Performance Calculation Procedures for Methods A and B.  Calculation procedures for determining door compliance shall be in accordance with the procedures contained within Method A or Method B of the FLA/COM computer program.  Data shall be input into FLA/COM by zone by door area or by each unit for the following parameters:  door orientation and area (or unit width, unit height), number of units, and door type (or by U-value).  Choosing a door type from the FLA/COM menu assumes ASHRAE-determined thermal transmittance for that door type.  

403.2.AB.1 Thermal Resistance. The thermal resistance of doors shall be calculated in accordance with the criteria of Appendix B of this chapter, Section 2.1.  Data input shall be determined from ASHRAE or manufacturer's test data/rating sources.

403.2.AB.2 Gross Door Area. The gross area of exterior or adjacent doors is calculated as part of the wall calculation.  Glazing in doors shall be included with the glazing areas in code compliance procedures.
SECTION 404
ROOFS/CEILINGS

404.1 Prescriptive Requirements.

404.1.ABCD Basic Prescriptive Requirements for Methods A, B, and C, and D

404.1.ABCD.1 Roof/Ceiling Thermal Envelopes.  The roof or ceiling which functions as the building's thermal envelope shall be insulated to an R-value of at least R-10.  .Roof insulation shall not be installed on a suspended ceiling with removable ceiling panels.

404.1.ABCD.2 Cavities Used as Plenums.  Cavities beneath a roof deck which will be used as supply or return plenums shall have an insulated roof.  The insulation shall have a R-value of at least R-19.

404.1.ABCD.3 Vented Cavities above Dropped Ceilings.  Where cavities beneath a roof deck are not sealed from the outside environment, the ceiling shall be treated as the exterior thermal and pressure envelopes of the building.

404.1.AB.1 Method A and B Calculations. All calculations and determinations of parameters used in the demonstration of compliance with this code by Methods A or B shall be conducted according to Section 404.2.

404.1.A Prescriptive Requirements Specific to Method A.  Efficiencies determined by the FLA/COM Method A performance calculation to demonstrate compliance with this code shall be the minimum performance level installed in roofs/ceilings.  Multifamily residential roofs/ceilings shall be insulated.  The insulation shall have a R-value of at least R-19, space permitting.

404.1.B Prescriptive Requirements Specific to Method B. Efficiencies determined by the FLA/COM Method B performance calculation to demonstrate compliance with this Code shall be the minimum performance level installed in roofs/ceilings.  Multifamily residential roofs/ceilings shall be insulated with an insulation R-value of at least R-19, space permitting.

404.1.C Prescriptive Requirements Specific to Method C.  Roofs/ceilings in buildings complying by Method C, Limited Applications, shall be insulated.  The insulation shall have a R-value of at least R-19.  See Form 400C in Appendix D for a complete list of prescriptive requirements for each building type.

404.1.C.1 Roof Insulation. All roofs, including roofs with insulation entirely above deck, metal building roofs, and attics and other roofs, shall have a rated R-value of insulation not less than that specified on Form 400C (see Appendix D). Skylight curbs shall be insulated to the level of roofs with insulation entirely above the deck or R-5, whichever is less. 
For single-rafter roofs, the requirement is the lesser of the values for attics and other roofs and those listed in Table 404.1.C.1.A below.
Exception: For roofs where the exterior surface has a minimum total solar reflectance of 0.70 when tested in accordance with one of the solar reflectance test methods listed below, and has a minimum thermal emittance of 0.75 when tested in accordance with one of the thermal emittance test methods listed below, other than roofs with ventilated attics or roofs with semiheated spaces, the U-factor of the proposed roof shall be permitted to be adjusted using Equation 4-1 for demonstrating compliance:

URoofAdj = URoofProposed X FactorRoofMultiplier				(4-1)
Where:
URoofAdj = 	    the adjusted roof U-factor for use in demonstrating compliance.
URoofProposed = 	    the U-factor of the proposed roof, as designed.
FactorRoofMultiplier = the roof U-factor multiplier from Table 404.1.C.1.B.
Solar Reflectance Test Methods: ASTM E903, ASTM E1175, or ASTM E1918.
Thermal Emittance Test Methods: ASTM C835, ASTM C1371, or ASTM E408.

TABLE 404.1.C.1A
Single Rafter Roofs

Minimum Insulation R-Value or Maximum Assembly U-Factor	
Wood Rafter Depth, d (actual)	
d < 8 in.	8 < d < 10 in.	10 < d < 12 in.	
R-19
U-0.055	R-30
U-0.036	R-38
U-0.028	

TABLE 404.1.C.1.B
Roof U-Factor Multipliers for Exception to 404.1.C.1
Climate Zone	Roof U-Factor Multiplier	
4,5,6, 7,8,9	0.77	
1,2,3	0.83	

401.1.C.1.1. For roofs with insulation entirely above deck, the rated R-value of insulation is for continuous insulation.  Interruptions presented by framing and pads for mechanical equipment with the combined total area no greater than one percent of the opaque assembly area shall be permitted.

401.1.C.1.2. For metal building roofs, the first rated R-value of insulation is for insulation draped over purlins and then compressed when the metal spanning members are attached, or for insulation hung between the purlins, provided there is a minimum 1 in. thermal break between the purlins and the metal spanning members. For double-layer installations, the second rated Rvalue of insulation is for insulation installed parallel to the purlins. For continuous insulation (e.g., insulation boards), it is assumed that the insulation boards are installed below the purlins and are uninterrupted by framing members. Insulation exposed to the conditioned space or semiheated space shall have a facing, and all insulation seams shall be continuously sealed to provide a continuous air barrier.

401.1.C.1.3. For attics and other roofs, the rated R-value of insulation is for insulation installed both inside and outside the roof, or entirely inside the roof cavity, and it allows occasional interruption by framing members but requires that the framing members be covered with insulation when the depth of the insulation exceeds the depth of the framing cavity. Insulation in attics and other roofs shall be permitted to be tapered at the eaves where the building structure does not allow full depth. For single-rafter roofs, the requirement is the lesser of the values for attics and other roofs and those listed in Table 404.1.C.1.A.

404.1.D Prescriptive Requirements Specific to Method D.  Roofs/ceilings in renovated buildings that are to be retrofitted or replaced shall be insulated.  The insulation shall have a R-value of at least:
	Built-up roof: climate zones 1, 2, and 3		R-16
			climate zones 4, 5, and 6		R-14
			climate zones 7, 8, and 9		R-12
	Insulation in attic or dropped ceiling cavity
			(all climate zones):			R-19

404.2 Performance Calculation Procedures 

404.2.AB Performance Calculation Procedures for Methods A and B.

Calculation procedures for determining roof/ceiling compliance shall be in accordance with the procedures contained within Method A or Method B of the FLA/COM computer program.  

Data shall be input into FLA/COM by zone for the following parameters:  roof area (or by width and length), roof construction type (or by components and U-value), and roof color.  Choosing a roof type from the FLA/COM menu assumes ASHRAE-determined thermal transmittance and shading coefficients for that roof type.  

Where cavities beneath a roof deck are ventilated, the ceiling shall be considered the envelope component utilized in the FLA/COM calculation.

404.2.AB.1 General. Data input shall be determined in accordance with applicable requirements and procedures given in Appendix B of this chapter.

404.2.AB.2 Thermal Resistance.  The thermal resistance of roof or roof/ceiling assemblies shall be calculated in accordance with the criteria of section 2.1 of Appendix B of this chapter.

404.2.AB.3 Gross Roof/Ceiling Area.  Areas of exterior or adjacent roof/ceiling assemblies consist of the total surface of the roof assembly exposed to outside air or unconditioned spaces.  The roof or ceiling assembly shall be considered to include all roof or ceiling components through which heat may flow between indoor and outdoor environments including skylight surfaces but excluding service openings.  

404.2.A Performance Calculation Procedures Specific to Method A. Calculation procedures for roofs or roof/ceiling assemblies shall be in accordance with the procedures contained within Method A of the FLA/COM computer program.
404.2.B Performance Calculation Procedures Specific to Method B. Calculation procedures for roofs or roof/ceiling assemblies shall be in accordance with the procedures contained within Method B of the FLA/COM computer program.
404.2.B.1 Thermal Resistance - Roofs. Any building that is both heated and mechanically cooled shall have an insulation R-value for the gross area of the roof assembly meeting at least the following values:		Climate zones 1,2,3          R-16
		Climate zones 4,5,6          R-14
		Climate zones 7,8,9          R-12
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Any building that is heated only shall have an overall thermal transmittance value (Uor) for the gross area of the roof assembly less than or equal to the value determined by Equation 4-1 with CDD65 and CDH80 set equal to zero.
2. Any building that is mechanically cooled only shall have an overall thermal transmittance value (Uor) for the gross area of the roof assembly less than or equal to the value determined by Equation 4-1 with HDD65 set equal to zero.
EQUATION 4-1
				Uor = 1/(5.3 + 1.8 x 10-3
					x HDD65 + 1.3 x 10-3
					x CDD65 + 2.6 x 10-4 x CDH80)

404.2.B.2 Glazing in Roofs. Areas for vertical glazing in clerestories and roof monitors shall be included in the wall fenestration calculation.

Skylight areas may be excluded from the calculation of the overall thermal transmittance value of the roof assembly if all of the conditions of section 401.2.B.1.1 respective to Daylight Credit have been met.

SECTION 405
FLOORS

405.1 Prescriptive Requirements.  

405.1.ABCD Basic Prescriptive Requirements for Methods A, B, and C, and D.

405.1.AB.1 Calculations for Methods A and B. All calculations and determinations of parameters used in the demonstration of compliance with this code by Methods A or B shall be conducted according to Section 405.2.

405.1.A Prescriptive Requirements Specific to Method A.  Efficiencies determined by the FLA/COM Method A performance calculation to demonstrate compliance with this code shall be the minimum performance level installed in floors.

405.1.B Prescriptive Requirements Specific to Method B.  Efficiencies determined by the FLA/COM Method B performance calculation to demonstrate compliance with this code shall be the minimum performance level installed in floors.

405.1.B.1 Floors Over Unconditioned Space. Exterior or adjacent floors shall have an insulation R-value meeting at least the following values:
	Climate Zones 1,2,3     R-11 
	Climate Zones 4,5,6     R-5 
	Climate Zones 7,8,9     R-3 

405.1.B.2 Slabs.  The R-value and dimensions required for slabs refers only to the insulation materials.  Insulative continuity shall be maintained in the design of slab edge insulation systems.  Continuity shall be maintained from the wall insulation through the slab/wall/footing intersection to the body of the slab edge insulation. 

405.1.C Prescriptive Requirements Specific to Method C.  Floors covered by Method C, Limited and Special Use Buildings Prescriptive Method, shall have insulation values that comply with the following.  See Form 400C in Appendix D for a complete list of prescriptive requirements for each building type.

405.1.C.1 Floor Insulation. All floors, including mass floors, steel joist floors, and wood-framed and other floors, shall have a rated R-value of insulation not less than that specified on Form 400C (see Appendix D of this code).

405.1.C.1.1 Mass floors.  For mass floors, the rated R-value of insulation is for continuous insulation uninterrupted by framing. Where framing, including metal and wood joists, is used, compliance shall be based on the maximum assembly U-factor rather than the minimum rated R-value of insulation. For waffle-slab floors, the floor shall be insulated either on the interior above the slab or on all exposed surfaces of the waffle. For floors with beams that extend below the floor slab, the floor shall be insulated either on the interior above the slab or on the exposed floor and all exposed surfaces of the beams that extend 24 in. and less below the exposed floor.

405.1.C.1.2. Steel joist floors. For steel joist floors, the first rated R-value of insulation is for uncompressed insulation installed in the cavity between steel joists or for spray-on insulation. It is acceptable for this insulation to also be continuous insulation uninterrupted by framing. All continuous insulation shall be installed either on the interior above the floor structure or below a framing cavity completely filled with insulation.

405.1.C.1.3 Wood-framed and other floors. For wood-framed and other floors, the first rated R-value of insulation is for uncompressed insulation installed in the cavity between wood joists. It is acceptable for this insulation to also be continuous insulation uninterrupted by framing. All continuous insulation shall be installed either on the interior above the floor structure or below a framing cavity completely filled with insulation.

405.1.C.4 Slab-on-Grade Floor Insulation. All slab-on-grade floors, including heated slab-on-grade floors and unheated slab-on-grade floors, shall have a rated R-value of insulation not less than that specified on Form 400C (see Appendix D) and shall be installed around the perimeter of the slab-on-grade floor to the distance specified. Perimeter insulation installed inside the foundation wall shall extend downward from the top of the slab a minimum of the distance specified or to the top of the footing, whichever is less. Perimeter insulation installed outside the foundation wall shall extend from the top of the slab, or downward to at least the bottom of the slab and then horizontally to a minimum of the distance specified. In all climates, the horizontal insulation extending outside of the foundation shall be covered by pavement or by soil a minimum of 10 in. thick.
Exception: For a monolithic slab-on-grade floor, the insulation shall extend from the top of the slab-on-grade to the bottom of the footing.

	Foundation Type		Minimum Insulation R-value
	Slab on grade		R-0 (no insulation required)
	Raised wood		R-19
	Raised concrete		R-7
405.1.D Prescriptive Requirements Specific to Method D.  Floors in renovated buildings that are to be retrofitted or replaced shall have insulation values that comply with the following:
	Foundation Type		Minimum Insulation R-value
	Slab on grade		R-0 (no insulation required)
	Raised wood		R-19
	Raised concrete		R-7

405.2 Performance Calculation Procedures.

405.2.AB Performance Calculation Procedures for Methods A and B.  Calculation procedures for determining floor compliance shall be in accordance with the procedures contained within Method A or Method B of the FLA/COM computer program.  

Data shall be input into FLA/COM by zone by perimeter or area (width, length), floor type, and insulation level.  Choosing a floor type from the FLA/COM menu assumes ASHRAE-determined thermal transmittance for that floor type.  

405.2.AB.1 Thermal Resistance. The thermal resistance of floors shall be calculated in accordance with the criteria of Section 2.1.9 of Appendix B of this chapter.

405.2.AB.2 Gross Floor Area. The gross area of floor assemblies over outside or unconditioned spaces consists of the total surface of the floor assembly exposed to outside air or unconditioned space.  The floor assembly shall include all floor components through which heat may flow between indoor and outdoor or unconditioned space environments.

SECTION 406
AIR INFILTRATION

406.1 Prescriptive Requirements.  

406.1.ABCD Basic Prescriptive Requirements for Methods A, B,and C, and D. The requirements of this section shall apply only to those locations that separate interior building conditioned space from the outdoors or from unconditioned space or crawl spaces.  Compliance with the criteria for air leakage through building components shall be determined by tests conducted in accordance with ASTM E283-91.

406.1.ABCD.1 Minimum Infiltration Levels Allowed.  

406.1.ABCD.1.1 Exterior Doors and Windows.  Air leakage for fenestration and doors shall be determined in accordance with NFRC 400 or other code-approved certification program requiring testing in accordance with ASTM E 283-91. Air leakage shall be determined by a laboratory accredited by a nationally recognized accreditation organization, such as the National Fenestration Rating Council, and shall be labeled and certified by the manufacturer. Air leakage shall not exceed 1.0 cfm/ft2 for glazed swinging entrance doors and for revolving doors and 0.4 cfm/ft2 for all other products.
Exceptions:
(a) Field-fabricated fenestration and doors.
(b) For garage doors, air leakage determined by test at standard test conditions in accordance with ANSI/DASMA 105 shall be an acceptable alternate for compliance with air leakage requirements.

All exterior doors and windows shall be designed to limit air leakage into or from the building envelope.  Manufactured doors and windows shall have air infiltration rates not exceeding those shown in Table 4-2.  These rates shall be determined from tests conducted at a pressure differential of 1.567 lb/ft2, which is equivalent to the impact pressure of a 25 mph wind.   Compliance with the criteria of air leakage shall be determined by testing to AAMA/NWWDA 101/I.S. 2-97 or ASTM E283-91,  as appropriate. Site constructed doors and windows shall be sealed in accordance with the requirements of this section.

406.1.ABCD.1.2 Exterior Joints in the Envelope. All exterior joints, cracks and holes in the building envelope shall be caulked, gasketed, weatherstripped or otherwise sealed.  The following areas of the building envelope shall be sealed, caulked, gasketed, or weather-stripped to minimize air leakage
a. joints around fenestration and door frames
b. junctions between walls and foundations, between walls at building corners, between walls and structural floors or roofs, and between walls and roof or wall panels
c. openings at penetrations of utility services through roofs, walls, and floors
d. site-built fenestration and doors
e. building assemblies used as ducts or plenums
f. joints, seams, and penetrations of vapor retarders
g. all other openings in the building envelope. Outside air intakes, exhaust outlets, relief outlets, stair shaft, elevator shaft smoke relief openings, and other similar elements shall also comply with Sections 407.1.ABC.2.4.3 and 409.1.ABC.3.3.

Such joints shall include, but not be limited to, the following:
1. Around window or door frames;
2. Between walls and foundations;
3. Between walls and roof/ceilings;
4. Through wall panels and top and bottom plates in exterior walls;
5. At penetrations of utility services or other service entry through walls, floors and roofs;
6. Between wall panels, particularly at corners and changes in orientation;
7. Between wall and floor where the floor penetrates the wall;
8. Around penetrations of chimneys, flue vents, or attic hatches; and
9. Walls bounding building cavities between floor/ceilings and ceilings/roof decks.

406.1.ABCD.1.3 Apertures in The Building Envelope. Any intentional apertures or openings in walls, ceilings or floor between conditioned and unconditioned space (such as hydrostatic openings in stairwells for coastal buildings) shall have dampers which limit air flow between the spaces.

406.1.ABCD.1.4. Building Cavities. 

406.1.ABCD.1.4.1  Where vented dropped ceiling cavities occur over conditioned spaces, the ceiling shall be considered to be both the upper thermal envelope and pressure envelope of the building and shall contain a continuous air barrier between the conditioned space and the vented unconditioned space that is also sealed to the air barrier of the walls.
IMPORTANT NOTE:  See the definition of air barrier in Section 202.  

Where unvented dropped ceiling cavities occur over conditioned spaces that do not have an air barrier between the conditioned and unconditioned space (such as T-bar ceilings), they shall be completely sealed from the exterior environment (at the roof plane) and adjacent spaces by a continuous air barrier that is also sealed to the air barrier of the walls.  In that case, the roof assembly shall constitute both the upper thermal envelope and pressure envelope of the building.  

Unconditioned spaces above separate tenancies shall contain dividing partitions between the tenancies to form a continuous air barrier that is sealed at the ceiling and roof to prevent air flow between them.

406.1.ABCD.1.4.2  Building cavities designed to be air distribution system components shall be sealed according to the criteria for air ducts, plenums, etc. in Section 410.1.ABCD.3.6.

406.1.A  Prescriptive Requirements Specific to Method A.  Blank for numbering consistency.

TABLE 4-2
AIR LEAKAGE FOR FENESTRATIONS AND DOORS
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE INFILTRATION RATE

COMPONENT	CFM/FT2 OF AREA
Finished window opening in the plane of the wall.	
Fenestration		
     Operable				0.3 cfm/lin ft	
     Jalousie	1.2 cfm/ft2	
Sliding glass Doors	0.3 cfm/ft2	
Doors		
     Wood	0.3 cfm/ft2	
     Commercial entrance doors	1.2 cfm/ft2	
     Residential swinging doors	0.5 cfm/ft2	
Wall sections		
Aluminum	0.1 cfm/ft2	

406.1.B  Prescriptive Requirements Specific to Method B.  Blank for numbering consistency.

406.1.C  Prescriptive Requirements Specific to Method C.  Blank for numbering consistency.

406.1.D  Prescriptive Requirements Specific to Method D.  Blank for numbering consistency.

406.2.AB Performance Calculation Procedures for Methods A and B.  Blank for numbering consistency.

SECTION 407
SPACE COOLING SYSTEMS

407.0 Applicability. This section covers the determination of minimum cooling system design requirements and efficiencies.  The requirements of this section apply to equipment and mechanical component performance of all air conditioning systems installed in new and renovated buildings including, but not limited to:  unitary (central) cooling equipment (air-cooled, water-cooled and evaporatively cooled); the cooling mode of unitary (central) and packaged terminal heat pumps (air source and water source); packaged terminal air conditioners; roof air conditioners; room air conditioners; and heat-operated cooling equipment such as absorption equipment, engine-driven equipment and turbine-driven equipment.
EXCEPTIONS:  Special applications, including, but not limited to, hospitals, laboratories, thermally sensitive equipment rooms, and computer rooms may be exempted from the requirements of section 407 when approved by the Building Official.

407.1 Prescriptive Requirements.  

407.1.ABCD Basic Prescriptive Requirements for Methods A, B,and C, and D
407.1.ABCD.1 Sizing.  A cooling load calculation shall be performed for newly installed units as per criteria of Section 3.1 5.1 of Appendix B of this chapter.  This calculation shall be attached to the code compliance form submitted to the building department when the building is permitted or, in the event the mechanical permit is obtained at a later time, the sizing calculation shall be submitted with the application for the mechanical permit.
Exceptions:
1.  Where mechanical systems are designed by an engineer registered in the State of Florida, the engineer has the option of submitting a signed and sealed summary sheet in lieu of the complete sizing calculation(s).  Such summary sheet shall include the following (by zone):       
	Project name/owner	Outdoor dry bulb used	Total heating required with outside air
	Project address	Outdoor wet bulb used	Total sensible gain
	Sizing method used	Relative humidity		Total latent gain
		Area in sq.ft.		Indoor dry bulb		Grains water (difference)
		Total cooling required with outside air
2.  Systems installed in existing buildings not meeting the definition of renovation in Section 202.

407.1.ABCD.1.1  HVAC systems and equipment shall be sized to provide no more than the space and system loads calculated in accordance with section 407.1.ABCD.1.  A single piece of equipment providing both cooling and heating shall satisfy this provision when the cooling function meets the provisions of Section 407.1.ABCD.1, and the heating function is sized as small as possible to meet the load within available equipment options.
Exceptions:
1. When the equipment selected is the smallest size needed to meet the load within available options of the desired equipment line.
2.Stand-by equipment provided with controls and devices that allow such equipment to operate automatically only when the primary equipment is not operating.
3. Multiple units of the same equipment type with combined capacities exceeding the design load and are provided with controls that sequence or otherwise optimally control the operation of each unit based on load.

407.1.ABCD.1.2  Buildings which contain assembly occupancies shall have equipment sized or controlled to prevent continuous space cooling or heating of such spaces with peak capacity equipment by the following options:
1. Equipment is staged to include cooling or heating to the space and stages are controlled by an electronically controlled energy management system.
2. A separate cooling or heating system is utilized to provide cooling or heating to the assembly occupancy.
3. A variable speed compressor is utilized to provide incremental cooling or heating to the assembly occupancy.

407.1.ABCD.2 Controls

407.1.ABCD.2.1 Simultaneous Heating and Cooling

407.1.ABC.2.1.1 Zone Controls. Zone thermostatic controls shall be capable of operating in sequence the supply of heating and cooling energy to the zone. Such controls shall prevent (1) reheating, (2) recooling, (3) mixing or simultaneously supplying air that has been previously mechanically heated and air that has been previously cooled, either by mechanical cooling or by economizer systems, and (4) other simultaneous operation of heating and cooling systems to the same zone.
Exceptions:
(a) Zones for which the volume of air that is reheated, recooled, or mixed is no greater than the larger of the following:
(1) The volume of outside air required to meet the ventilation requirements of 6.1.3 of ASHRAE Standard 62 for the zone.
(2) 0.4 cfm/ft2 of the zone conditioned floor area.
(3) 30% of the zone design peak supply rate.
(4) 300 cfm. This exception is for zones whose peak flow rate totals no more than 10% of the total fan system flow rate.
(5) Any higher rate that can be demonstrated, to the satisfaction of the authority having jurisdiction, to reduce overall system annual energy usage by offsetting reheat/recool energy losses through a reduction in outdoor air intake in accordance with Method A of this sub-chapter.
(b) Zones where special pressurization relationships, cross-contamination requirements, or code-required minimum circulation rates are such that variable air volume systems are impractical.
(c) Zones where at least 75% of the energy for reheating or for providing warm air in mixing systems is provided from a site-recovered (including condenser heat) or site-solar energy source.
(d) Systems that are designed and dedicated to condition only the outdoor ventilation air stream to meet the requirements of ASHRAE Standard 62.  Such systems shall be controlled so that they do not allow overcooling of the building.  Any building utilizing this exception that has a system that requires reheat, other than reclaimed waste heat, shall comply by Method A of this code.

Zone thermostatic and humidistatic controls shall be capable of operating in sequence the supply of heating and cooling energy to the zone.  Such controls shall prevent:
1. Reheating of spaces and cooling supply air volumes;
2. Recooling of spaces and heating supply air volumes;
3. Mixing or simultaneous supply of air that has been previously mechanically heated and air that has been previously cooled by mechanical refrigeration and
4. Other simultaneous operation of heating and cooling systems to the same zone.
EXCEPTIONS:
a. Variable-air-volume systems that, during periods of occupancy, are designed to reduce the air supply volume to each zone to a minimum before heating, recooling, or mixing takes place.  This minimum volume shall be no greater than the larger of:  30% of the peak supply volume; the minimum required to meet minimum ventilation requirements of ASHRAE Standard 62-1989; 0.4 cfm/ft2 of zone conditioned floor area; or 300 cfm.
b. Zones where special pressurization relationships or cross-contamination requirements are such that variable air volume systems are impractical, such as isolation and operating rooms of hospitals, and laboratories.
c. At least 75% of the energy for reheating or for providing warm air in mixing systems is provided from a site-recovered (including heat recovery on water-source heat pumps) or site-solar energy source.
d. Zones where specified humidity levels are required to satisfy process needs, such as computer rooms and museums.
e. Zones with a peak supply air quantity of 300 cfm or less.
f.  Systems that are designed and dedicated to condition only the outdoor ventilation air stream to meet the requirements of ASHRAE Standard 62.  Such systems shall be controlled so that they do not allow overcooling of the building.  Any building utilizing this exception that has a system that requires reheat, other than reclaimed waste heat, shall comply by Method A of this Code.?????
g.  Systems where the added heat to the air stream is the result of the use of a desiccant system.

407.1.ABC.2.2 Hot Gas Bypass Limitation. Cooling systems shall not use hot gas bypass or other evaporator pressure control systems unless the system is designed with multiple steps of unloading or continuous capacity modulation. The capacity of the hot gas bypass shall be limited to the following:.
Rated Capacity	Max. Hot Gas Bypass Capacity (% Total Capacity)
< 240,000 Btu/h			50%
> 240,000 Btu/h			25%
Exception: Unitary packaged systems with cooling capacities not greater than 90,000 Btu/h.

407.1.ABCD.2.2 Temperature Controls.

407.1.ABC.2.2.1 General. The supply of heating and cooling energy to each zone shall be individually controlled by thermostatic controls responding to temperature within the zone. For the purposes of this section, a dwelling unit shall be permitted to be considered a single zone.
Exception:  Independent perimeter systems that are designed to offset only building envelope loads shall be permitted to serve one or more zones
also served by an interior system provided:
1.	the perimeter system includes at least one thermostatic control zone for each building exposure having exterior walls facing only one orientation for 50 contiguous ft or more, and
2.	the perimeter system heating and cooling supply is controlled by a thermostatic control(s) located within the zones(s) served by the system. Exterior walls are considered to have different orientations if the directions they face differ by more than 45 degrees.

407.1.ABC.2.2.2 Dead Band. Where used to control both heating and cooling, zone thermostatic controls shall be capable of providing a temperature range or dead band of at least 5°F within which the supply of heating and cooling energy to the zone is shut off or reduced to a minimum.
Exceptions:
1.	Thermostats that require manual changeover between heating and cooling modes.
2.	Special occupancy or special applications where wide temperature ranges are not acceptable (such as retirement homes, process applications, data processing, museums, some areas of hospitals) and are approved by the authority having jurisdiction.
3.	In the case of VAV systems, the deadband may be reduced to 2½ oF if the occupant control of the thermostat is programmed to limit the adjustment of the VAV system zone temperature to plus or minus 1½ oF from the thermostat set point.

407.1.ABC.2.2.3 Set Point Overlap Restriction. Where heating and cooling to a zone are controlled by separate zone thermostatic controls located within the zone, means (such as limit switches, mechanical stops, or, for DDC systems, software programming) shall be provided to prevent the heating set point from exceeding the cooling set point minus any applicable proportional band.

407.1.ABCD.2.2.1 Systems. Each HVAC system shall include at least one temperature control device.

407.1.ABCD.2.2.1.1 Temperature Reset for Air Systems.  Air systems supplying heated or cooled air to multiple zones shall include controls which automatically reset supply air temperatures by representative building loads or by outside air temperature.  Temperature shall be reset by at least 25% of the design supply-air-to-room-air temperature difference.  Zones which are expected to experience relatively constant loads, such as interior zones, shall be designed for the fully reset supply temperature.
EXCEPTION:  Systems which comply with section 407.1.ABCD.2.1 without using reheat or mixing of previously conditioned air.

407.1.ABCD.2.2.4 1.2 Hydronic Systems, Reset Controls.  See Section 411.1.ABC.1.3, Chilled and Hot Water Temperature Reset Controls.  Systems supplying heated and or chilled water to comfort conditioning systems shall include controls which automatically reset supply water temperatures by representative building loads (including return water temperature) or by outside air temperature.  Temperature shall be reset by at least 25% of the design supply-to-return water temperature difference.  
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Systems for which supply temperature reset controls cannot be implemented without causing improper operation of heating, cooling, humidification or dehumidification systems. 2. Systems with less than 600,000 Btu/h design capacity.

407.1.ABCD.2.2.2 Zones. The supply of heating and cooling energy to each zone shall be controlled by individual thermostatic controls responding to temperature within the zone.  For the purposes of this section, a dwelling unit is considered a zone.
EXCEPTION:  Independent perimeter systems that are designed to offset only envelope heat losses or gains or both may serve one or more zones also served by an interior system when the perimeter system includes at least one thermostatic control zone for each building exposure having exterior walls facing only one orientation for at least 50 contiguous feet and the perimeter system heating and cooling supply is controlled by thermostat(s) located within the zone(s) served by the system.
407.1.ABCD.2.2.2.1 Where used to control comfort cooling, zone thermostatic controls shall be capable of being set locally or remotely by adjustment or selection of sensors up to 85oF or higher.
407.1.ABCD.2.2.2.2 Where used to control both comfort heating and cooling, zone thermostatic controls shall be capable of providing a temperature range or deadband of at least 5oF within which the supply of heating and cooling energy to the zone is shut off or reduced to a minimum.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Special occupancy or special usage conditioning approved by the building official.
2. Thermostat controls that require manual changeover between heating & cooling modes.

407.1.ABCD.2.3 Humidity Control. 

407.1.ABC.2.3.1 Dehumidification. Where humidistatic controls are provided, such controls shall prevent reheating, mixing of hot and cold airstreams, or other means of simultaneous heating and cooling of the same airstream.
Exceptions:
1. The system is capable of reducing supply air volume to 50% or less of the design airflow rate or the minimum rate specified in 6.1.3 of ASHRAE Standard 62,
whichever is larger, before simultaneous heating and cooling takes place.
2. The individual fan cooling unit has a design cooling capacity of 80,000 Btu/h or less and is capable of unloading to 50% capacity before simultaneous heating and cooling takes place.
3. The individual mechanical cooling unit has a design cooling capacity of 40,000 Btu/h or less. An individual mechanical cooling unit is a single system composed
of a fan or fans and a cooling coil capable of providing mechanical cooling.
4. Systems serving spaces where specific humidity levels are required to satisfy process needs, such as computer rooms, museums, surgical suites, and buildings with refrigerating systems, such as supermarkets, refrigerated warehouses, and ice arenas. This exception also applies to other applications for which fan volume controls in accordance with Exception 1 are proven to be impractical to the enforcement agency.
5. At least 75% of the energy for reheating or for providing warm air in mixing systems is provided from a site-recovered (including condenser heat) or site solar energy source.
6. Systems where the heat added to the airstream is the return air enthalpy result of the use of a desiccant system and 75% of the heat added by the desiccant system is removed by a heat exchanger, either before or after the desiccant system with energy recovery.

407.1.ABC.2.3.2 Humidifier Preheat. Humidifiers with preheating jackets mounted in the airstream shall be provided with an automatic valve to shut off preheat when humidification is not required.

407.1.ABC.2.3.3 Humidification and Dehumidification.  Where a zone is served by a system or systems with both humidification and dehumidification capability, means (such as limit switches, mechanical stops, or, for DDC systems, software programming) shall be provided capable of preventing simultaneous operation of humidification and dehumidification equipment.  
Exceptions:
1. Zones served by desiccant systems, used with direct evaporative cooling in series.
2. Systems serving zones where specific humidity levels are required, such as computer rooms, museums, and hospitals, and approved by the building official.

Systems equipped with a means for adding moisture to maintain specific humidity levels in a zone or zones shall have a humidistat provided capable of being set to prevent the use of fossil fuel or electricity to provide relative humidities in excess of 30% for comfort purposes.  
Where purchased energy reheat is utilized for comfort dehumidification, the system shall be equipped with a humidistat  capable of being set to prevent the use of fossil fuel or electricity to reduce relative humidities below 60%.

407.1.ABCD.2.4 Off-Hour Controls. HVAC systems having a design heating or cooling capacity greater than 65,000 Btu/h and fan system power greater than 3/4 hp shall have all of the following off-hour controls: Automatic Shutdown (407.1.ABC.2.4.1), Setback Controls (408.1.ABC.2.1), Optimum Start Controls (407.1.ABC.2.4.2), Shutoff Damper Controls (409.1.ABC.3.3), and Zone Isolation (407.1.ABC.2.4.3).
Exceptions:
1.	HVAC systems serving hotel/motel guest rooms.
2.	HVAC systems intended to operate continuously.

407.1.ABC.2.4.1 Automatic Shutdown. HVAC systems shall be equipped with at least one of the following:
1.	Controls that can start and stop the system under different time schedules for seven different day-types per week, are capable of retaining programming and time setting during loss of power for a period of at least 10 hours, and include an accessible manual override, or equivalent function, that allows temporary operation of the system for up to two hours.
2.	An occupant sensor that is capable of shutting the system off when no occupant is sensed for a period of up to 30 minutes.
3.	A manually operated timer capable of being adjusted to operate the system for up to two hours.
4.	An interlock to a security system that shuts the system off when the security system is activated.  
Exception: Residential occupancies may use controls that can start and stop the system under two different time schedules per week.

407.1.ABC.2.4.2 Optimum Start Controls. Individual heating and cooling air distribution systems with a total design supply air capacity exceeding 10,000 cfm, served by one or more supply fans, shall have optimum start controls. The control algorithm shall, as a minimum, be a function of the difference between space temperature and occupied setpoint and the amount of time prior to scheduled occupancy.

407.1.ABC.2.4.3 Zone Isolation. HVAC systems serving zones that are intended to operate or be occupied non-simultaneously shall be divided into isolation areas. Zones may be grouped into a single isolation area provided it does not exceed 25,000 ft2 of conditioned floor area nor include more than one floor. Each isolation area shall be equipped with isolation devices capable of automatically shutting off the supply of conditioned air and outside air to and exhaust air from the area. Each isolation area shall be controlled independently by a device meeting the requirements of Section 407.1.ABC.2.4.1(Automatic Shutdown). For central systems and plants, controls and devices shall be provided to allow stable system and equipment operation for any length of time while serving only the smallest isolation area served by the system or plant.
Exceptions: Isolation devices and controls are not required for the following:
1.	Exhaust air and outside air connections to isolation zones when the fan system to which they connect is 5000 cfm and smaller.
2.	Exhaust airflow from a single isolation zone of less than 10% of the design airflow of the exhaust system to which it connects.
3.	Zones intended to operate continuously or intended to be inoperative only when all other zones are inoperative.

407.1.ABCD.2.4.1 Automatic Setback or Shutdown Controls. HVAC systems shall be equipped with automatic controls capable of accomplishing a reduction of energy use through control setback or equipment shutdown.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Systems serving areas expected to operate continuously.
2. Equipment with full-load demands not exceeding 2 kW controlled by readily accessible manual off-hour controls.

407.1.ABCD.2.4.2 Shutoff Dampers.  Outdoor air supply and exhaust systems shall be provided with motorized or gravity dampers or other means of automatic volume shutoff or reduction.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Systems serving areas expected to operate continuously.
2. Individual systems which have a design air flow rate of 3000 cfm or less.
3. Gravity and other non-electrical ventilation systems may be controlled by readily accessible manual damper controls.
4. Where restricted by health and life safety codes.

407.1.ABCD.2.4.3 Zone Isolation.  Systems that serve zones which can be expected to operate non-simultaneously for more than 750 hours per year shall include isolation devices and controls to shut off or set back the supply of heating and cooling to each zone independently.  Isolation is not required for zones expected to operate continuously or expected to be inoperative only when all other zones are inoperative.
For buildings where occupancy patterns are not known at the time of system design, such as shell buildings, isolation areas may be predesignated.
The grouping of zones on one floor into a single isolation area shall be permitted when the total conditioned floor area does not exceed 25,000 square feet per group.

407.1.ABCD.2.5 Controls Testing. HVAC control systems shall be tested to assure that control elements are calibrated, adjusted, and in proper working condition.

407.1.ABCD.3 Equipment Performance Standards

407.1.ABCD.3.1 Equipment Ratings.  Cooling system efficiencies shall be rated as follows:
1. Central air conditioning equipment under 65,000 Btu/h capacity, both split-system and single-package equipment, single- or three-phase, shall be rated with a Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio (SEER).  Three phase units may also be rated with an Integrated Part Load Value (IPLV).
2. Packaged terminal air conditioners and heat pumps shall be rated with an Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER). 
3. Room air conditioners shall be rated by an Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER).  
4. Central air conditioning equipment over 65,000 Btu/h shall be rated with an Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER).  
5. Water-cooled and evaporatively cooled central systems under 135,000 Btu/h shall be rated with an Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER). 
6. Air-cooled, evaporatively-cooled and water source unitary air conditioning systems over 65,000 Btu/h may also be rated with an Integrated Part-Load Value (IPLV).  
7. Heat-operated cooling equipment such as gas driven heat pumps shall be rated with a Coefficient of Performance (COP)-cooling.

407.1.ABCD.3.1.1 Equipment Efficiency Verification Matched Equipment.  If a certification program exists for a product covered in Tables 407.1.ABC.3.2A through 407.1.ABC.3.2D, and it includes provisions for verification and challenge of equipment efficiency ratings, then the product shall be either listed in the certification program or, alternatively, the ratings shall be verified by an independent laboratory test report. If no certification program exists for a product covered in Tables 407.1.ABC.3.2A through 407.1.ABC.3.2D, the equipment efficiency ratings shall be supported by data furnished by the manufacturer. Where equipment is not rated, a Florida-registered engineer shall specify component efficiencies whose combined efficiency meets the minimum equipment efficiency requirements in 407.1.ABC.3.2. 

 Equipment efficiency ratings shall be obtained from a nationally recognized certification program directory or from a manufacturer's rating certified with an approved Department of Energy (DOE) or Air-conditioning and Refrigeration Institute (ARI) rating procedure.  Equipment efficiencies shall be based on the Standard Rating Conditions contained in the test standard referenced in Chapter 3 that is appropriate for that equipment.  The procedure for determining the Integrated Part-Load Value (IPLV) for a piece of equipment shall be the one provided in the appropriate ARI test standard for the type of equipment referenced.  Ratings for products covered under the National Appliance Energy Conservation Act of 1987 shall be those determined for the Federal Trade Commission's required appliance labeling.

407.1.ABCD.3.1.2 Mix-Matched Equipment. Ratings for unitary central air conditioning and heat pump systems less than 65,000 Btu/h, using evaporator/(condenser) coils manufactured by independent companies, shall meet all requirements of either section 407.1.ABCD.3.1.2.1 or 407.1.ABCD.3.1.2.2.  Equipment components manufactured by the same company that are not designed and tested for operation together shall also meet these requirements.

407.1.ABCD.3.1.2.1 Companies whose equipment is certified under a nationally recognized certification program or rating procedure where sample units are tested on a regular basis and efficiencies are published in a directory may rate their equipment in accord with the requirements of that program.
407.1.ABCD.3.1.2.2 Companies whose equipment is not certified under a nationally recognized testing and certification program shall publish equipment efficiencies not greater than the efficiency rating of the condensing unit (cooling mode) or outdoor unit (heating mode) manufacturer's most commonly sold condensing unit-evaporator coil or outdoor unit-indoor coil combination. 

The evaporator/ (condenser) coil manufacturer shall submit computer simulated equipment efficiency ratings to demonstrate predicted equipment efficiencies.  Where simulated efficiencies are less than the condensing unit or outdoor unit manufacturer's most commonly sold combination efficiency, a rating not to exceed the simulated rating shall be used.  Published simulated equipment efficiency rating submittals shall identify any enhancement features included to attain claimed ratings.  

Computer simulated equipment efficiency ratings submitted shall be based on the condensing unit manufacturer's tested combination (as listed in the current ARI Directory and identified by the model numbers of both the condensing unit and coil or outdoor unit and indoor coil as listed by ARI) and the independent coil manufacturer's evaporator/(condenser) coil performance data.  Such simulated ratings shall be certified, signed and dated by a Florida-registered professional engineer, or, for the cases of a secondary original equipment manufacturer (OEM) and a company manufacturing component parts specifically for mix-matched cooling or heating equipment, the president or chairman of the board of the manufacturing company and a professional engineer registered in the state of manufacture, and shall show that the unit, identified by model number, meets the minimum Code requirements.  The certification shall attest to the accuracy of the input data, the validity of the calculation procedure utilized and that the results of the simulation are in accordance with the DOE approved methodology.  Simulated equipment efficiency rating certifications shall identify any enhancement features included to attain claimed ratings.  A full set of input data utilized to arrive at the rating shall be available as documentation on request.  

When challenged, computer simulated ratings shall not exceed 105 percent of the SEER, EER, HSPF or COP rating, as appropriate, of the actual tested performance for that condensing unit evaporator coil configuration.  Unsubstantiated claims for such equipment shall be dropped from publication.

407.1.ABCD.3.1.3  Field-Assembled Equipment and Components. Air conditioning and heat pump systems with capacities of 65,000 Btu/h or greater where components such as indoor or outdoor coils are used from more than one manufacturer, shall be rated by a calculated total system Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER).  Component efficiencies shall be specified based on data provided by the component manufacturers.  Calculations documenting how the efficiency rating was derived shall be submitted with the appropriate Code compliance form and shall be signed and sealed by a registered professional engineer.  
Total on-site energy input to the equipment shall be determined by combining inputs to all components, elements and accessories, such as compressor(s) internal circulating pump(s), condenser-air fan(s), evaporative-internal circulating pump(s), purge devices, viscosity control heaters, and controls.  

407.1.ABCD.3.2 Minimum Efficiencies for Cooling Equipment

407.1.ABC.3.2 Mandatory Provisions.  Equipment shown in Tables 407.1.ABC.3.2A through 407.1.ABC.3.2D shall have a minimum performance at the specified rating conditions when tested in accordance with the specified test procedure. Omission of minimum performance requirements for equipment not listed in Tables 407.1.ABC.3.2A through 407.1.ABC.3.2D does not preclude use of such equipment. Equipment not listed in Tables 407.1.ABC.3.2A through 407.1.ABC.3.2D has no minimum performance requirements. Where multiple rating conditions or performance requirements are provided, the equipment shall satisfy all stated requirements, unless otherwise exempted by footnotes in the table. However, equipment covered under the Federal Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT) shall have no minimum efficiency requirements for operation at minimum capacity or other than standard rating conditions. Equipment used to provide water heating functions as part of a combination system shall satisfy all stated requirements for the appropriate space heating or cooling category.  

Tables 407.1.ABC.3.2A through 407.1.ABC.3.2D contain the minimum efficiency requirements for equipment covered by this section of the standard. The tables are organized to cover the following types of equipment:
Table 407.1.ABC.3.2A Air Conditioners and Condensing Units
Table 407.1.ABC.3.2B Heat Pumps
Table 407.1.ABC.3.2C Water Chilling Packages
Table 407.1.ABC.3.2D Packaged Terminal and Room Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps
Exception: Water-cooled centrifugal water-chilling packages that are not designed for operation at ARI Standard 550/590 test conditions (and thus cannot be tested to meet the requirements of Table 407.1.ABC.3.2C) of 44oF leaving chilled water temperature and 85oF entering condenser water temperature shall have a minimum full-load COP as shown in Tables 407.1.ABC.3.2H, I, and J and a minimum NPLV rating as shown in Tables 407.1.ABC.3.2K, L, and M. The table values are only applicable over the following full-load design ranges:
Leaving Chiller Water Temperature: 40oF to 48oF
Condenser Water Temperature: 75oF to 85oF
Condensing Water Temperature Rise: 5oF to 15oF

Chillers designed to operate outside of these ranges are not covered by this  standard.

Non-standard part-load value (NPLV) is defined as a single-number part-load efficiency figure of merit for chillers referenced to conditions other than IPLV conditions.

TABLE 407.1.ABC.3.2A
Electrically Operated Unitary Air Conditioners and Condensing Units
Equipment Type	Size Category	Heating Section Type
	Sub-Category or Rating Condition	Minimum Efficiency2
	Test Procedure1
	
Air Conditioners, Air Cooled	<65,000 Btu/h3	All
	Split System	10.0 SEER	ARI 210/240

 	
			Single Package	9.7 SEER		
	>65,000 Btu/h and <135,000 Btu/h	Electric Resistance (or None) 	Split System and Single Package	10.3 EER		
		All other	Split System and Single Package	10.1 EER		
	>135,000 Btu/h and <240,000 Btu/h	Electric Resistance (or None)	Split System and Single Package	9.7 EER	ARI 340/360 

	
		All other	Split System and Single Package	9.5 EER		
	>240,000 Btu/h and <760,000 Btu/h	Electric Resistance (or None) 	Split System and Single Package	9.5 EER ,9.7 IPLV		
		All other	Split System and Single Package	9.3 EER,9.5 IPLV		
	>760,000 Btu/h	Electric Resistance (or None)	Split System and Single Package	9.2 EER, 9.4 IPLV		
		All other	Split System and Single Package	9.0 EER, 9.2 IPLV		
Air Conditioners, Water and Evaporatively Cooled	<65,000 Btu/h	All	Split System and Single Package	12.1 EER	ARI 210/240

 	
	>65,000 Btu/h and <135,000 Btu/h	Electric Resistance (or None) 	Split System and Single Package	11.5 EER		
		All other	Split System and Single Package	11.3 EER		
	>135,000 Btu/h and <240,000 Btu/h	Electric Resistance (or None)	Split System and Single Package	11.0 EER	ARI 340/360 
	
		All other	Split System and Single Package	10.8 EER		
	>240,000 Btu/h	Electric Resistance (or None)	Split System and Single Package	11.0 EER, 10.3 IPLV		
		All other	Split System and Single Package	10.8 EER, 10.1 IPLV		
Condensing Units, Air Cooled	>135,000 Btu/h			10.1 EER, 11.2 IPLV	ARI 365

	
Condensing Units, Water or Evaporatively Cooled	>135,000 Btu/h			13.1 EER,13.1 IPLV		
1 Sub-chapter 3 contains a complete specification of the reference test procedure, including the referenced year version of the test procedure.
2 IPLVs are only applicable to equipment with capacity modulation.
3 Single-phase, air-cooled air-conditioners <65,000 Btu/h are regulated by NAECA.  SEER values are those set by NAECA.

TABLE 407.1.ABC.3.2B
Electrically Operated Unitary and Applied Heat Pumps –
Minimum Efficiency Requirements
Equipment Type	Size Category	Heating Section Type	Sub-Category or Rating Condition	Minimum Efficiency2	Test Procedure1	
Air Cooled (Cooling Mode)	<65,000 Btu/h3	All
	Split System	10.0 SEER	ARI 210/240

 	
			Single Package	9.7 SEER		
	>65,000 Btu/h and <135,000 Btu/h	Electric Resistance (or None) 	Split System and Single Package	10.1 EER		
		All other	Split System and Single Package	9.9 EER		
	>135,000 Btu/h and <240,000 Btu/h	Electric Resistance (or None)	Split System and Single Package	9.3 EER	ARI 340/360 

	
		All other	Split System and Single Package	9.1 EER
		
	>240,000 Btu/h 	Electric Resistance (or None) 	Split System and Single Package	9.0 EER 9.2 IPLV		
		All other	Split System and Single Package	8.8 EER 9.0 IPLV		
Water Source (Cooling Mode)	<17,000 Btu/h	All	86oF Entering Water	11.2 EER	ISO-13256-1

	
	>17,000 Btu/h and <135,000 Btu/h	All 
	86oF Entering Water	12.0 EER		
Groundwater Source
 (Cooling Mode)	
<135,000 Btu/h	All	59oF Entering Water	16.2 EER		
Ground Source
(Cooling Mode)	
<135,000 Btu/h	All	77oF Entering Water	13.4 EER		
Air Cooled 
(Heating Mode)	<65,000 Btu/h3
(Cooling Capacity)		Split System	6.8 HSPF	ARI 210/240

	
			Single Package	6.6 HSPF		
	>65,000 Btu/h and <135,000 Btu/h
(Cooling Capacity)		47oF db/43oF wb
Outdoor Air
17oF db/15oF wb
Outdoor Air	3.2 COP

2.2 COP 		
	>135,000 Btu/h
(Cooling Capacity)		47oF db/43oF wb
Outdoor Air
17oF db/15oF wb
Outdoor Air	3.1 COP

2.0 COP	ARI 340/360

	
Water-Source
(Heating Mode)	<135,000 Btu/h (Cooling Capacity)		68oF Entering Water	4.2 COP	ISO-13256-1

	
Groundwater Source
(Heating Mode)	<135,000 Btu/h (Cooling Capacity)		50oF Entering Water	3.6 COP		
Ground Source
(Heating Mode)	<135,000 Btu/h (Cooling Capacity)		32oF Entering Water	3.1 COP		
1 Sub-chapter 3 contains a complete specification of the reference test procedure, including the referenced year version of the test procedure.
2 IPLVs and Part Load rating conditions are only applicable to equipment with capacity modulation.
3 Single-phase, air-cooled heat pumps <65,000 Btu/h are regulated by NAECA.  SEER and HSPF values are those set by NAECA.

TABLE 407.1.ABC.3.2C
Water Chilling Packages 
Minimum Efficiency Requirements
Equipment Type	Size Category (Input)	Subcategory or Rating Condition	Minimum Efficiency1	Test Procedure2	
Air Cooled, with Condenser, Electrically Operated	All Capacities	95oF db Outdoor Air	2.80 COP  (1.26 kw/ton)
3.05 IPLV (1.15 kw/ton)	ARI 550/590	
Air Cooled, without Condenser, Electrically Operated	All Capacities	95oF db Outdoor Air	3.10 COP  (1.13 kw/ton)
3.45 IPLV (1.02 kw/ton)		
Water Cooled, Electrically Operated, Positive Displacement (Reciprocating)	All Capacities	85oF Cond 44F Evap	4.20 COP    (.84 kw/ton)
5.05 IPLV   (.70 kw/ton)	ARI 550/590	
Water Cooled, Electrically Operated, Positive Displacement (Rotary Screw and Scroll)	<150 tons	85oF Cond 44F Evap	4.45 COP   (.79 kw/ton)
5.20 IPLV  (.68 kw/ton)	ARI 550/590	
	>150 tons and <300 tons	85oF Cond 44F Evap	4.90 COP   (.72 kw/ton)
5.60 IPLV  (.63 kw/ton)		
	>300 tons	85oF Cond 44F Evap	5.50 COP   (.64 kw/ton)
6.15 IPLV  (.57 kw/ton)		
Water Cooled, Electrically Operated, Centrifugal	<150 tons	85oF Cond 44F Evap	5.00 COP   (.70 kw/ton)
5.25 IPLV  (.67 kw/ton)	ARI 550/590	
	>150 tons and <300 tons	85oF Cond 44F Evap	5.55 COP   (.63 kw/ton)
5.90 IPLV  (.60 kw/ton)		
	>300 tons	85oF Cond 44F Evap	6.10 COP    (.58  kw/ton)
6.40 IPLV   (.55 kw/ton)		
Air-Cooled Absorption Single Effect	All Capacities		0.60 COP	ARI 560	
Water-Cooled Absorption Single Effect	All Capacities		0.70 COP		
Absorption Double Effect, Indirect-Fired	All Capacities		1.0	COP
1.05 IPLV		
Absorption Double Effect, Direct-Fired	All Capacities		1.0	COP
1.00 IPLV		
1 The chiller equipment requirements do not apply for chillers used in low-temperature applications where the design leaving fluid temperature is <40oF.
2Sub-chapter 3 contains a complete specification of the referenced test procedure, including the referenced year version of the test procedure.

TABLE 407.1.ABC.3.2D
Electrically Operated Packaged Terminal Air Conditioners, Packaged Terminal Heat Pumps, Room Air Conditioners, and Room Air Conditioner Heat Pumps – 
Minimum Efficiency Requirements
Equipment Type	Size Category	Subcategory or Rating Condition	Minimum Efficiency1	Test Procedure2	
PTAC (Cooling Mode), New Construction	7,000 Btu/h <8,000 	95oF db Outdoor Air
[Based on capacity at lower range using EER= 12.5 – (0.213 x Cap/1000) ] 3	11.0 EER	ARI 310/380	
	8,000 Btu/h < 9,000 		10.8 EER		
	9,000 Btu/h < 10,000 		10.6 EER		
	10,000 Btu/h < 11,000 		10.4 EER		
	11,000 Btu/h < 12,000 		10.2 EER		
	12,000 Btu/h < 13,000 		9.9 EER		
	13,000 Btu/h < 14,000 		9.7 EER		
	14,000 Btu/h < 15,000		9.5 EER		
	>15,000 Btu/h		9.3 EER		
PTAC (Cooling Mode), Replacements2	7,000 Btu/h <8,000	95oF db Outdoor Air
[Based on capacity at lower range using EER= 10.9 – (0.213 x Cap/1000) ] 3	9.4 EER		
	8,000 Btu/h < 9,000		9.2 EER		
	9,000 Btu/h < 10,000		9.0 EER		
	10,000 Btu/h < 11,000		8.8 EER		
	11,000 Btu/h < 12,000		8.6 EER		
	12,000 Btu/h < 13,000		8.3 EER		
	13,000 Btu/h < 14,000		8.1 EER		
	14,000 Btu/h < 15,000		7.9 EER		
	>15,000 Btu/h		7.7 EER		
PTHP (Cooling Mode), New Construction	7,000 Btu/h <8,000	95oF db Outdoor Air
[Based on capacity at lower range using EER= 12.3 – (0.213 x Cap/1000) ] 3
	10.8 EER		
	8,000 Btu/h < 9,000		10.6 EER		
	9,000 Btu/h < 10,000		10.4 EER		
	10,000 Btu/h < 11,000		10.2 EER		
	11,000 Btu/h < 12,000		10.0 EER		
	12,000 Btu/h < 13,000		9.7 EER		
	13,000 Btu/h < 14,000		9.5 EER		
	14,000 Btu/h < 15,000		9.3 EER		
	>15,000 Btu/h		9.1 EER		
PTHP (Cooling Mode), Replacements2	7,000 Btu/h <8,000	95oF db Outdoor Air
[Based on capacity at lower range using EER= 10.8 – (0.213 x Cap/1000) ] 3
	9.3 EER		
	8,000 Btu/h < 9,000		9.1 EER		
	9,000 Btu/h < 10,000		8.9 EER		
	10,000 Btu/h < 11,000		8.7 EER		
	11,000 Btu/h < 12,000		8.5 EER		
	12,000 Btu/h < 13,000		8.2 EER		
	13,000 Btu/h < 14,000		8.0 EER		
	14,000 Btu/h < 15,000		7.8 EER		
	>15,000 Btu/h		7.6 EER		
PTHP (Heating Mode), New Construction	7,000 Btu/h <8,000	47F db Outdoor Air
[Based on capacity at lower range using COP= 3.2 – (0.026 x Cap/1000)] 3
	3.02 COP		
	8,000 Btu/h < 9,000		2.99 COP		
	9,000 Btu/h < 10,000		2.97 COP		
	10,000 Btu/h < 11,000		2.94 COP		
	11,000 Btu/h < 12,000		2.91 COP		
	12,000 Btu/h < 13,000		2.89 COP		
	13,000 Btu/h < 14,000		2.86 COP		
	14,000 Btu/h < 15,000		2.84 COP		
	>15,000 Btu/h		2.81 COP		
PTHP (Heating Mode), Replacements2	7,000 Btu/h <8,000	47F db Outdoor Air
[Based on capacity at lower range using COP= 2.9 – (0.026 x Cap/1000) ] 3
	2.72 COP		
	8,000 Btu/h < 9,000		2.69 COP		
	9,000 Btu/h < 10,000		2.67 COP		
	10,000 Btu/h < 11,000		2.64 COP		
	11,000 Btu/h < 12,000		2.61 COP		
	12,000 Btu/h < 13,000		2.59 COP		
	13,000 Btu/h < 14,000		2.56 COP		
	14,000 Btu/h < 15,000		2.54 COP		
	>15,000 Btu/h		2.51 COP		
Room Air Conditioners with Louvered Sides	<8,000 Btu/h		9.7 EER	ANSI/AHAM RAC-1	
	>8,000<14,000Btu/h		9.8 EER		
	>14,000<20,000Btu/h		9.7 EER		
	>20,000 Btu/h		8.5 EER		
Room Air Conditioners, without Louvered Sides	<8,000 Btu/h		9.0 EER		
	>8,000 Btu/h and		8.5 EER		
Room Air Conditioner Heat Pumps with Louvered Sides	<20,000 Btu/h
>20,000 Btu/h		9.0 EER
8.5 EER		
Room Air Conditioner Heat Pumps without Louvered Sides	<14,000 Btu/h
>14,000 Btu/h		8.5 EER
8.0 EER		
Room Air Conditioner, Casement only	All Capacities		8.7 EER		
Room Air Conditioner, Casement-Slider	All Capacities		9.5 EER		
1 Sub-chapter 3 contains a complete specification of the referenced test procedure, including the referenced year version of the test procedure. 
2 Replacement units must be factory labeled as follows: “MANUFACTURED FOR REPLACEMENT APPLICATIONS ONLY; NOT TO BE INSTALLED IN NEW CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS.” Replacement efficiencies apply only to units with existing sleeves less than 16 in. high and less than 42 in. wide.
3 Cap means the rated cooling capacity of the product in Btu/h. If the unit’s capacity is less than 7,000 Btu/h, use 7,000 Btu/h in the calculation. If the unit’s capacity is greater than 15,000 Btu/h, use 15,000 Btu/h in the calculation.

TABLE 407.1.ABC.3.2G
Performance Requirements for Heat Rejection Equipment
Equipment Type	Total System Heat Rejection Capacity at Rated Conditions	Sub-Category or Rating Condition	Performance Required1,2	Test Procedure3	
Propeller or Axial Fan Cooling Towers	All

	95oF Entering Water	>38.2 gpm/hp

	CTI ATC-105 and CTI STD-201
 	
		85oF Leaving Water			
		75oF wb Outdoor Air			
Centrifugal Fan Cooling Towers	All

	95oF Entering Water	>20.0 gpm/hp

	CTI ATC-105 and CTI STD-201
	
		85oF Leaving Water			
		75oF wb Outdoor Air			
Air Cooled Condensers
	All

	125oF Condensing Temperature
R-22 Test Fluid
190oF Entering Gas Temperature
15oF Subcooling
95oF Entering db	>176,000 Btu/h hp

	ARI 460

	
1 For purposes of this table, cooling tower performance is defined as the maximum flow rating of the tower divided by the fan nameplate rated motor power.
2 For purposes of this table, air-cooled condenser performance is defined as the heat rejected from the refrigerant divided by the fan nameplate rated motor power.
3 Sub-chapter 3 contains a complete specification of the referenced test procedure, including the referenced year version of the test procedure.

TABLE 407.1.ABC.3.2H
COPs for Centrifugal Chillers <150Tons1
COPstd = 5.0
	Condenser Flow Rate	
Leaving Chilled Water Temperature (oF)	Entering Condenser Water Temperature (oF)	LIFT2
(oF)	2gpm/ton	2.5gpm/ton	3gpm/ton	4gpm/ton	5gpm/ton	6gpm/ton	
			Required COP	
46	75	29	5.58	5.83	6.03	6.32	6.54	6.7	
									
45	75	30	5.5	5.74	5.92	6.19	6.38	6.53	
									
44	75	31	5.42	5.65	5.82	6.07	6.24	6.37	
									
43	75	32	5.35	5.57	5.72	5.95	6.11	6.23	
									
42	75	33	5.27	5.49	5.64	5.85	6	6.11	
									
41	75	34	5.19	5.41	5.56	5.75	5.89	5.99	
									
46	80	34	5.19	5.41	5.56	5.75	5.89	5.99	
									
40	75	35	5.11	5.33	5.48	5.67	5.79	5.88	
									
45	80	35	5.11	5.33	5.48	5.67	5.79	5.88	
									
44	80	36	5.03	5.26	5.4	5.58	5.7	5.79	
									
43	80	37	4.94	5.18	5.32	5.5	5.62	5.7	
									
42	80	38	4.84	5.1	5.25	5.43	5.53	5.61	
									
41	80	39	4.73	5.01	5.17	5.35	5.46	5.53	
									
46	85	39	4.73	5.01	5.17	5.35	5.46	5.53	
									
40	80	40	4.62	4.92	5.09	5.27	5.38	5.45	
									
45	85	40	4.62	4.92	5.09	5.27	5.38	5.45	
									
44	85	41	4.49	4.82	5	5.2	5.3	5.38	
									
43	85	42	4.35	4.71	4.91	5.12	5.23	5.3	
									
42	85	43	4.19	4.59	4.81	5.03	5.15	5.22	
									
41	85	44	4.02	4.46	4.7	4.94	5.06	5.14	
									
40	85	45	3.84	4.32	4.58	4.84	4.98	5.06	
	
Cond DT3	14.04	11.23	9.36	7.02	5.62	4.68	
1 The table values are only applicable over the following full load design ranges: Leaving Chilled Water Temp 40-48oF, Entering Condenser Water Temp. 75-85oF, Condensing Water Temp. Rise 5-15oF. Chillers designed to operate outside these ranges are not covered by this standard.
2 LIFT = Entering Condenser Water Temperature – Leaving Chilled Water Temperature.
3 Cond DT = Leaving Condenser Water Temperature (F) – Entering Condenser Water Temperature (F)
Kadj = 6.1507 – 0.30244(X) + 0.0062692(X)2 – 0.000045595(X)3
Where X = Cond DT + LIFT
COPadj = Kadj x COPstd

TABLE 407.1.ABC.3.2I
COPs for Centrifugal Chillers >150Tons, <300 Tons1
COPstd = 5.55

	Condenser Flow Rate	
Leaving Chilled Water Temperature (oF)	Entering Condenser Water Temperature (oF)	LIFT2
(oF)	2gpm/ton	2.5gpm/ton	3gpm/ton	4gpm/ton	5gpm/ton	6gpm/ton	
			Required COP	
46	75	29	6.17	6.44	6.66	6.99	7.23	7.4	
									
45	75	30	6.08	6.34	6.54	6.84	7.06	7.22	
									
44	75	31	6	6.24	6.43	6.71	6.9	7.05	
									
43	75	32	5.91	6.15	6.33	6.58	6.76	6.89	
									
42	75	33	5.83	6.07	6.23	6.47	6.63	6.75	
									
41	75	34	5.74	5.8	6.14	6.36	6.51	6.62	
									
46	80	34	5.74	5.8	6.14	6.36	6.51	6.62	
									
40	75	35	5.65	5.9	6.05	6.26	6.4	6.51	
									
45	80	35	5.65	5.9	6.05	6.26	6.4	6.51	
									
44	80	36	5.56	5.81	5.97	6.17	6.3	6.4	
									
43	80	37	5.46	5.73	5.89	6.08	6.21	6.3	
									
42	80	38	5.35	5.64	5.8	6	6.12	6.2	
									
41	80	39	5.23	5.54	5.71	5.91	6.03	6.11	
									
46	85	39	5.23	5.54	5.71	5.91	6.03	6.11	
									
40	80	40	5.1	5.44	5.62	5.83	5.95	6.03	
									
45	85	40	5.1	5.44	5.62	5.83	5.95	6.03	
									
44	85	41	4.96	5.33	5.55	5.74	5.86	5.94	
									
43	85	42	4.81	5.21	5.42	5.66	5.78	5.86	
									
42	85	43	4.63	5.08	5.31	5.56	5.69	5.77	
									
41	85	44	4.45	4.93	5.19	5.46	5.6	5.69	
									
40	85	45	4.24	4.77	5.06	5.35	5.5	5.59	
	
Cond DT3	14.04	11.23	9.36	7.02	5.62	4.68	
1 The table values are only applicable over the following full load design ranges: Leaving Chilled Water Temp 40-48oF, Entering Condenser Water Temp. 75-85oF, Condensing Water Temp. Rise 5-15oF. Chillers designed to operate outside these ranges are not covered by this standard.
2 LIFT = Entering Condenser Water Temperature – Leaving Chilled Water Temperature.
3 Cond DT = Leaving Condenser Water Temperature (F) – Entering Condenser Water Temperature (F)
Kadj = 6.1507 – 0.30244(X) + 0.0062692(X)2 – 0.000045595(X)3
Where X = Cond DT + LIFT
COPadj = Kadj x COPstd
TABLE 407.1.ABC.3.2J
COPs for Centrifugal Chillers >300 Tons1
COPstd = 6.1
	Condenser Flow Rate	
Leaving Chilled Water Temperature (oF)	Entering Condenser Water Temperature (oF)	LIFT2
(oF)	2gpm/ton	2.5gpm/ton	3gpm/ton	4gpm/ton	5gpm/ton	6gpm/ton	
			Required COP	
46	75	29	6.8	7.11	7.35	7.71	7.97	8.16	
									
45	75	30	6.71	6.99	7.21	7.55	7.78	7.96	
									
44	75	31	6.61	6.89	7.09	7.4	7.61	7.77	
									
43	75	32	6.52	6.79	6.98	7.26	7.45	7.6	
									
42	75	33	6.43	6.69	6.87	7.13	7.31	7.44	
									
41	75	34	6.33	6.6	6.77	7.02	7.18	7.3	
									
46	80	34	6.33	6.6	6.77	7.02	7.18	7.3	
									
40	75	35	6.23	6.5	6.68	6.91	7.06	7.17	
									
45	80	35	6.23	6.5	6.68	6.91	7.06	7.17	
									
44	80	36	6.13	6.41	6.58	6.81	6.95	7.05	
									
43	80	37	6.02	6.31	6.49	6.71	6.85	6.94	
									
42	80	38	5.9	6.21	6.4	6.61	6.75	6.84	
									
41	80	39	5.77	6.11	6.3	6.52	6.65	6.74	
									
46	85	39	5.77	6.11	6.3	6.52	6.65	6.74	
									
40	80	40	5.63	6	6.2	6.43	6.56	6.65	
									
45	85	40	5.63	6	6.2	6.43	6.56	6.65	
									
44	85	41	5.47	5.87	6.1	6.33	6.47	6.55	
									
43	85	42	5.3	5.74	5.98	6.24	6.37	6.46	
									
42	85	43	5.11	5.6	5.86	6.13	6.28	6.37	
									
41	85	44	4.9	5.44	5.72	6.02	6.17	6.27	
									
40	85	45	4.68	5.26	5.58	5.9	6.07	6.17	

	
Cond DT3	14.04	11.23	9.36	7.02	5.62	4.68	
1 The table values are only applicable over the following full load design ranges: Leaving Chilled Water Temp 40-48oF, Entering Condenser Water Temp. 75-85oF, Condensing Water Temp. Rise 5-15oF. Chillers designed to operate outside these ranges are not covered by this standard.
2 LIFT = Entering Condenser Water Temperature – Leaving Chilled Water Temperature.
3 Cond DT = Leaving Condenser Water Temperature (F) – Entering Condenser Water Temperature (F)
Kadj = 6.1507 – 0.30244(X) + 0.0062692(X)2 – 0.000045595(X)3
Where X = Cond DT + LIFT
COPadj = Kadj x COPstd

TABLE 407.1.ABC.3.2K
IPLV/NPLV for Centrifugal Chillers <150Tons
IPLVstd = 5.25

	Condenser Flow Rate	
Leaving Chilled Water Temperature (oF)	Entering Condenser Water Temperature (oF)	LIFT1
(oF)	2gpm/ton	2.5gpm/ton	3gpm/ton	4gpm/ton	5gpm/ton	6gpm/ton	
			Required IPLV/NPLV	
46	75	29	5.84	6.1	6.3	6.61	6.84	7	
									
45	75	30	5.75	6	6.19	6.47	6.68	6.83	
									
44	75	31	5.67	5.91	6.08	6.34	6.53	6.67	
									
43	75	32	5.59	5.82	5.99	6.23	6.39	6.52	
									
42	75	33	5.51	5.74	5.9	6.12	6.27	6.39	
									
41	75	34	5.43	5.66	5.81	6.02	6.16	6.26	
									
46	80	34	5.43	5.66	5.81	6.02	6.16	6.26	
									
40	75	35	5.35	5.58	5.73	5.93	6.06	6.15	
									
45	80	35	5.35	5.58	5.73	5.93	6.06	6.15	
									
44	80	36	5.26	5.5	5.65	5.84	5.96	6.05	
									
43	80	37	5.16	5.42	5.57	5.76	5.87	5.96	
									
42	80	38	5.06	5.33	5.49	5.67	5.79	5.87	
									
41	80	39	4.95	5.24	5.41	5.6	5.71	5.78	
									
46	85	39	4.95	5.24	5.41	5.6	5.71	5.78	
									
40	80	40	4.83	5.14	5.32	5.52	5.63	5.7	
									
45	85	40	4.83	5.14	5.32	5.52	5.63	5.7	
									
44	85	41	4.69	5.04	5.25b	5.43	5.55	5.62	
									
43	85	42	4.55	4.93	5.13	5.35	5.47	5.54	
									
42	85	43	4.38	4.8	5.03	5.26	5.38	5.46	
									
41	85	44	4.21	4.67	4.91	5.17	5.3	5.38	
									
40	85	45	4.01	4.52	4.79	5.06	5.2	5.29	
	
Cond DT3	14.04	11.23	9.36	7.02	5.62	4.68	
1 LIFT = Entering Condenser Water Temperature – Leaving Chilled Water Temperature.
2 Cond DT = Leaving Condenser Water Temperature (F) – Entering Condenser Water Temperature (F)
Kadj = 6.1507 – 0.30244(X) + 0.0062692(X)2 – 0.000045595(X)3
Where X = Cond DT + LIFT
COPadj = Kadj x COPstd

TABLE 407.1.ABC.3.2L
IPLV/NPLV for Centrifugal Chillers >150 <300Tons
IPLVstd = 5.9

	Condenser Flow Rate	
Leaving Chilled Water Temperature (oF)	Entering Condenser Water Temperature (oF)	LIFT1
(oF)	2gpm/ton	2.5gpm/ton	3gpm/ton	4gpm/ton	5gpm/ton	6gpm/ton	
			Required IPLV/NPLV	
46	75	29	6.58	6.87	7.11	7.46	7.71	7.9	
									
45	75	30	6.49	6.76	6.98	7.3	7.53	7.7	
									
44	75	31	6.4	6.66	6.86	7.15	7.36	7.52	
									
43	75	32	6.31	6.56	6.75	7.02	7.21	7.35	
									
42	75	33	6.22	6.47	6.65	6.9	7.07	7.2	
									
41	75	34	6.13	6.38	6.55	6.79	6.95	7.06	
									
46	80	34	6.13	6.38	6.55	6.79	6.95	7.06	
									
40	75	35	6.03	6.29	6.46	6.68	6.83	6.94	
									
45	80	35	6.03	6.29	6.46	6.68	6.83	6.94	
									
44	80	36	5.93	6.2	6.37	6.58	6.72	6.82	
									
43	80	37	5.82	6.11	6.28	6.49	6.62	6.72	
									
42	80	38	5.71	6.01	6.19	6.4	6.53	6.62	
									
41	80	39	5.58	5.91	6.1	6.31	6.44	6.52	
									
46	85	39	5.58	5.91	6.1	6.31	6.44	6.52	
									
40	80	40	5.44	5.8	6	6.22	6.35	6.43	
									
45	85	40	5.44	5.8	6	6.22	6.35	6.43	
									
44	85	41	5.29	5.68	5.9	6.13	6.26	6.34	
									
43	85	42	5.13	5.55	5.79	6.03	6.16	6.25	
									
42	85	43	4.94	5.41	5.67	5.93	6.07	6.16	
									
41	85	44	4.74	5.26	5.54	5.82	5.97	6.07	
									
40	85	45	4.52	5.09	5.4	5.71	5.87	5.97	
	
Cond DT3	14.04	11.23	9.36	7.02	5.62	4.68	
1 LIFT = Entering Condenser Water Temperature – Leaving Chilled Water Temperature.
2 Cond DT = Leaving Condenser Water Temperature (F) – Entering Condenser Water Temperature (F)
Kadj = 6.1507 – 0.30244(X) + 0.0062692(X)2 – 0.000045595(X)3
Where X = Cond DT + LIFT
COPadj = Kadj x COPstd

TABLE 407.1.ABC.3.2M
IPLV/NPLV for Centrifugal Chillers  >300Tons
IPLVstd = 6.4

	Condenser Flow Rate	
Leaving Chilled Water Temperature (oF)	Entering Condenser Water Temperature (oF)	LIFT1
(oF)	2gpm/ton	2.5gpm/ton	3gpm/ton	4gpm/ton	5gpm/ton	6gpm/ton	
			Required IPLV/NPLV	
									
46	75	29	7.15	7.47	7.72	8.1	8.37	8.58	
									
45	75	30	7.05	7.35	7.58	7.93	8.18	8.36	
									
44	75	31	6.95	7.23	7.45	7.77	8	8.16	
									
43	75	32	6.85	7.13	7.33	7.63	7.83	7.98	
									
42	75	33	6.75	7.03	7.22	7.49	7.68	7.82	
									
41	75	34	6.65	6.93	7.12	7.37	7.55	7.67	
									
46	80	34	6.65	6.93	7.12	7.37	7.55	7.67	
									
40	75	35	6.55	6.83	7.01	7.26	7.42	7.54	
									
45	80	35	6.55	6.83	7.01	7.26	7.42	7.54	
									
44	80	36	6.44	6.73	6.92	7.15	7.3	7.41	
									
43	80	37	6.32	6.63	6.82	7.05	7.19	7.3	
									
42	80	38	6.2	6.53	6.72	6.95	7.09	7.19	
									
41	80	39	6.06	6.42	6.62	6.85	6.99	7.08	
									
46	85	39	6.06	6.42	6.62	6.85	6.99	7.08	
									
40	80	40	5.91	6.3	6.52	6.76	6.89	6.98	
									
45	85	40	5.91	6.3	6.52	6.76	6.89	6.98	
									
44	85	41	5.75	6.17	6.40b	6.66	6.79	6.89	
									
43	85	42	5.57	6.03	6.28	6.55	6.7	6.79	
									
42	85	43	5.37	5.88	6.16	6.44	6.59	6.69	
									
41	85	44	5.15	5.71	6.01	6.33	6.49	6.59	
									
40	85	45	4.91	5.53	5.86	6.20	6.37	6.48	
	
Cond DT3	14.04	11.23	9.36	7.02	5.62	4.68	
1 LIFT = Entering Condenser Water Temperature – Leaving Chilled Water Temperature.
2 Cond DT = Leaving Condenser Water Temperature (F) – Entering Condenser Water Temperature (F)
Kadj = 6.1507 – 0.30244(X) + 0.0062692(X)2 – 0.000045595(X)3
Where X = Cond DT + LIFT
COPadj = Kadj x COPstd

407.1.ABCD.3.2.1 Electrically Operated, Cooling Mode. These requirements apply to air-conditioning equipment installed in buildings covered by this code including but not limited to: unitary (central) cooling equipment (air-cooled, water-cooled and evaporatively cooled); the cooling mode of unitary (central) and packaged terminal heat pumps (air source and water source); packaged terminal air conditioners; roof air conditioners; and room air conditioners.  
EXCEPTION:  Existing systems in existing buildings which must comply with this code are exempt from minimum efficiency requirements.

407.1.ABCD.3.2.1.1 HVAC system equipment of less than 65,000 Btu/h, whose energy input in the cooling mode is entirely electric, shall have a Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio (SEER), Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER), may have an Integrated Park-Load Value (IPLV), as applicable for that piece of equipment (see section 407.1.ABCD.3.1), of not less than the values shown in Table 4-3.  

407.1.ABCD.3.2.1.2. HVAC system equipment with capacities between 65,000 Btu/h and 135,000 Btu/h whose energy input in the cooling mode is entirely electric, shall show an Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER) and/or Integrated Part-Load Value (IPLV), as applicable for that piece of equipment (see section 407.1.ABCD.3.1), of not less than values shown in Table 4-4.  

407.1.ABCD.3.2.1.3. HVAC system equipment with capacities equal to or greater than 135,000 Btu/h whose energy input in the cooling mode is entirely electric, shall show an Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER), and/or Integrated Part-Load Value (IPLV), as applicable for that piece of equipment (see section 407.1.ABCD.3.1), of not less than the values shown in Table 4-5.

407.1.ABCD.3.2.2 Heat Operated, Cooling Mode.  These requirements apply to cooling equipment installed in buildings covered by this code including but not limited to: absorption equipment, engine-driven equipment and turbine-drive equipment.  
EXCEPTION:  Existing systems in existing buildings which must comply with this code are exempt from minimum efficiency requirements.

Heat-operated cooling equipment shall show a COP-cooling not less than the values shown in Table 4-6.  Electrical auxiliary inputs shall be excluded from the COP-cooling calculation.

407.1.ABCD.3.2.3. Other Air-Conditioning Systems.  Air-conditioning systems not identified in Tables 4-3 through 4-6 of this Code shall meet at least the lowest efficiency rating on the appropriate table for that size of equipment.

TABLE 4-3  ELECTRICALLY DRIVEN COOLING EQUIPMENT, CAPACITIES <65,000 BTU/H:  MINIMUM PERFORMANCE EFFICIENCIES1,2  - SEER, EER, IPLV
TYPE EQUIPMENT, CAPACITIES,  RATING CONDITIONS (oF)	EER	SEER	IPLV 2	
Central Units
Air Cooled – Seasonal Rating
    Split-system                           
    Single-package                   
  Evaporatively Cooled                   
    Standard Rating (80db/67wb indoor, 95db/75wb outdoors)    
    Int. Part Load Value (80db/67wb out.) 
  Water Cooled                             
    Water-Source Heat Pump (80db/67wb indoor)  
      Standard Rating (85 entering water)  
      Low Temp. Rating (75 entering)       
    Ground-Water Heat Pump                 
      Standard Rating (70 entering)        
      Low Temp. Rating (50 entering) 
    Ground Source Heat Pump
      77 Entering brine
      70 Entering brine
    Unitary Air Conditioners (80db/67wb indoor)   
      Standard Rating (85 entering)        
      Int. Part Load Value (75 entering)   	

 

9.3

 
 9.3
10.2
 
11.0
11.5

10.0
10.4  
  
 9.3 	

10.0
 9.7	

 

8.5 

 

 

 

8.3	
Packaged Terminal Units (PTAC & PTHP)      
  Standard Rating ( 95db outdoor)          
    <7,000                                 
    7,001 - 8,000 Btu/h               
    8,001 - 9,000 Btu/h               
    9,001 - 10,000 Btu/h             
   10,001 - 11,000 Btu/h            
   11,001 - 12,000 Btu/h            
   12,001 - 13,000 Btu/h            
   13,001 - 14,000 Btu/h            
   14,001 - 15,000 Btu/h             
   >15,000 Btu/h                           	 
 
 8.9
 8.8
 8.6
 8.5
 8.3
 8.2
 8.0
 7.8
 7.7
 7.6			
Room Units3                              
  Without reverse cycle               
    <6,000 Btu/h                           
    6,000-7,999 Btu/h                   
    8,000-13,999 Btu/h (with louvers)   
    14,000-20,000 Btu/h (with louvers) 
    >20,000 Btu/h (with louvers)           
    8,000-20,000 BTU/H (without louvers)   
    >20,000 Btu/h (without louvers)        
   With reverse cycle (with louvers)       
   With reverse cycle (without louvers)  	 
 
 8.0
 8.5
 9.0
 8.8
 8.2
 8.5
 8.2
 8.5
 8.0			

1  Test procedures for equipment referenced shall be in accordance with the applicable standard listed in Chapter 3.
2  Products covered by the 1992 Energy Policy Act have no efficiency requirements at other than standard rating conditions for products manufactured after 1/1/94.
3  To be consistent with National Appliance Energy Conservation Act of 1987, P.L. 100-12.

TABLE 4-4
ELECTRICALLY DRIVEN COOLING EQUIPMENT,
CAPACITIES >65,000 BTU/H <135,000 BTU/H:MINIMUM PERFORMANCE EFFICIENCIES - EER, IPLV1
TYPE OF EQUIPMENT, CAPACITIES, STANDARD RATING CONDITIONS (F)	EER	IPLV 2	
Central Units                           
     Air-Cooled
          Standard Rating (95db outdoor) 
          Int. Part Load Value (80db outdoor)
     Evaporatively Cooled
         Standard Rating (80db/67wb indoor,
                                      95db/75wb outdoor)
         Int. Part Load Value (80db/67wb outdoor)
     Water-Cooled
         Water-Source Heat Pump (85 entering water)
             Standard Rating (80db/67wb indoor)
         Groundwater-Cooled Heat Pump3 
             Standard Rating (70 entering) 
             Low Temperature Rating (50 entering)
         Ground Source Heat Pumps3 
             77 Entering brine
             70 Entering brine     
         Unitary Air-Conditioners (80db/78wb)
             Standard Rating (85 entering)

 8.9

 
10.5

10.5
 
11.0
11.5
 
10.0
10.4
 
10.5

 
 8.3

 
 9.7	

	1   Reference standards for equipment testing are specified in Chapter 3.
	2   Products covered by the 1992 Energy Policy Act have no efficiency requirements at other than standard rating conditions for products manufactured after 1/1/94.
	3   Rating for groundwater-cooled, ground source heat pumps applies to all units <135,000 Btu/h.

TABLE 4-5
ELECTRICALLY DRIVEN HVAC SYSTEM COMPONENTS1 >135,000 BTU/H CAPACITY
MINIMUM PERFORMANCE EFFICIENCIES - EER, COP AND IPLV
	EER	COP	IPLV	
LARGE UNITARY AIR CONDITIONERS AND HEAT PUMPS
   Air Conditioners 2
        Air-cooled <  760,000 Btu/h
        Air-cooled >  760,000 Btu/h
        Water/evap. cooled       
   Heat Pumps 2
        Air-cooled <  760,000 Btu/h
        Air-cooled >  760,000 Btu/h
   Condensing Units
        Air-cooled
        Water/evap. cooled	

 8.5
 8.2
 9.6

 8.5
 8.2
  
 9.9
12.9		 
 
 7.5 
 7.5
 9.0

 7.5
 7.5
 
11.0
12.9	
WATER CHILLING PACKAGES
   Water-cooled, with screw, scroll, or centrifugal compressor
       >  300 tons
       >  150 tons, < 300 tons
       <  150 tons
   Water-cooled, with reciprocating compressor
   Air-cooled with condenser
       >  150 tons
       <  150 tons
   Air-cooled, condenserless		
 
 5.2 3      4.2
 3.8
 3.8 

 2.5
 2.7
 3.1	
 
 5.3 3
 4.5
 3.9
 3.9

 2.5
 2.8
 3.2	
1    When tested to the Standard Rating Conditions contained in the test standard referenced in 		    Chapter 3 that is appropriate for  that equipment.
 2   Units that have an integral gas, oil or hydronic heating assembly that was not present when the 	    unit efficiency was determined  may deduct 0.2 from all required EERs and IPLVs.
3   Where R-22 or CFC refrigerants with ozone depletion factors less than or equal to those for R-	    22 are used, these requirements are reduced to 4.7 COP and 4.8 IPLV.

TABLE 4-6
HEAT-OPERATED1 COOLING EQUIPMENT
MINIMUM PERFORMANCE EFFICIENCIES - COP
HEAT SOURCE	MINIMUM COP 2	
Direct Fired (gas, oil)
Indirect Fired (steam, hot  water)	   0.48
   0.68 	

 		1Standard rating conditions at sea level.

 		2Minimum COP=              Net Cooling Output                             .
                           		Total Heat Input (electrical auxiliary excluded)

407.1.ABCD.3.3 Condensing Coils Installed in Cool Air Stream of Another Air-Conditioning Unit. The condensing coil of one air-conditioning unit shall not be installed in the cool air stream of another air-conditioning unit.
Exceptions:  
1. Where condenser heat reclaim is used in a properly designed system including enthalpy control devices to achieve requisite humidity control for process, special storage or equipment spaces and occupant comfort within the criteria of Standard ASHRAE Standard 55-92.   Such systems shall result in less energy use than other appropriate options.
2. For computer or clean rooms whose location precludes the use of systems which would not reject heat into conditioned spaces.

407.1.ABC.3.4 Heat Rejection Equipment

407.1.ABC.3.4.1 General. Sub-section 407.1.ABC.3.4 applies to heat rejection equipment used in comfort cooling systems such as aircooled condensers, open cooling towers, closed-circuit cooling towers, and evaporative condensers.
Exception: Heat rejection devices whose energy usage is included in the equipment efficiency ratings listed in Tables 407.1.ABC.3.2A through 407.1.ABC.3.2D.

407.1.ABC.3.4.2 Fan Speed Control. Each fan powered by a motor of 7.5 hp or larger shall have the capability to operate that fan at two-thirds of full speed or less and shall have controls that automatically change the fan speed to control the leaving fluid temperature or condensing temperature/pressure of the heat rejection device.
Exceptions:
1.  Condenser fans serving multiple refrigerant circuits.
2.  Condenser fans serving flooded condensers.
3.  Up to one-third of the fans on a condenser or tower with multiple fans, where the lead fans comply with the speed control requirement.

407.1.ABC.3.5 Exhaust Air Energy Recovery for Cooling Systems. Individual fan systems that have both a design supply air capacity of 5000 cfm or greater and have a minimum outside air supply of 70% or greater of the design supply air quantity shall have an energy recovery system with at least 50% recovery effectiveness. Fifty percent energy recovery effectiveness shall mean a change in the enthalpy of the outdoor air supply equal to 50% of the difference between the outdoor air and return air at design conditions.
Exceptions:
1.  Laboratory systems meeting Section 409.1.ABC.3.6.2.
2.  Systems serving spaces that are not cooled and that are heated to less than 60°F.
3.  Systems exhausting toxic, flammable, paint or corrosive fumes or dust.
4.  Commercial kitchen hoods (grease) classified as Type 1 by NFPA 96.
5.	Where the largest exhaust source is less than 75% of the design outdoor airflow.
6.	Systems requiring dehumidification that employ series-style energy recovery coils wrapped around the cooling coil.

407.1.A  Prescriptive Requirements Specific to Method A.  Cooling system efficiencies determined by the FLA/COM Method A performance calculation to demonstrate compliance with this Code shall be the minimum performance level installed in buildings.

407.1.BC  Prescriptive Requirements Specific to Methods B and C.   Electric resistance reheat shall not be used when complying with this Code by Method B.
407.1.C  Prescriptive Requirements Specific to Method C.  Cooling system minimum efficiency requirements for buildings complying by Methods B and C shall meet or exceed the code minimum for the equipment installed per Tables 407.1.ABC.3.2A through D. that specified for the glazing/light wattage/HVAC efficiency package chosen from Table 4C of Form 400C for that occupancy type. 
EXCEPTION: Detached commercial buildings less than 200 sq ft, skyboxes, and traffic safety control towers shall meet the Code minimums in section 407.1.ABCD.3.

Electric resistance reheat shall not be used when complying with this code by Methods B and C.

See Form 400C in Appendix D for a complete list of prescriptive requirements for each building type.

407.1.D  Prescriptive Requirements Specific to Method D.  Cooling system efficiency requirements for buildings complying by Method D shall be the Code minimums as per section 407.1.ABCD.3.

407.2 Performance Calculation Procedures

407.2.A  Performance Calculation Procedures Specific to Method A.  Calculation procedures for space cooling system efficiencies shall be in accordance with the procedures contained within Method A of the FLA/COM computer program.

Data shall be input into FLA/COM for each zone by equipment type, size and efficiency.

407.2.A.1  Thermal Energy Storage (TES) Systems.  This provision shall be available to all new buildings and to major renovations (30 percent of building assessed value) of existing buildings.  The Ccode Ccompliance Pprocedure (FLA/COM FlaCom) shall consider the demand and off-peak energy saving capabilities of TES-equipped buildings. by assigning to them a Final Annual Space Conditioning Energy (ASCETES-Final), including associated water heating, as determined using Equation (1), below.  The TES simulation models ERRI-TES1 (CoolAid3.1) and TSARC-Set shall be incorporated into the Code Compliance model or shall function as external simulation programs providing input into the Code Compliance model.

In Equation (1), Annual Space Conditioning Energy (ASCEFlaCom) for the TES-equipped building shall be determined by Method A of the Florida code compliance procedure, FlaCom.  With the exception of heat rate values, the remainder of the inputs for Equations (1) through (7) shall be 
developed using either TES simulation model ERRI-TES1 or the model set TSARC-Set.  In the TES model simulation, the TES system shall be sized and operated in accordance with the design intent.  The simulations shall determine energy usage on an hourly basis for all on-peak and off-peak periods as well as determine associated heat rates.  The weather data shall be that for the same or nearest city within the same Florida climate zone.  For the calculation of the On-Peak Factor (B1) of Equation (6) and the Off-Peak Factor (B2) of Equation (7), the base building shall utilize a non-TES conditioning system which allows the building to achieve minimal compliance under the Code Compliance Procedure (FlaCom), and the TES-equipped building shall be identical in all respects, with the exception that the HAC systems shall be TES-augmented.
	ASCETES-Final = [ASCEFlaCom x F] 						Equation (1)
Where:
	ASCEFlaCom = SUM(kWhTES),						Equation (2)
the Annual Space Conditioning Energy used by the TES Building, as determined by the Code Compliance Procedure, FlaCom99
	F = (A1 + A2)/ (B1 + B2)							Equation (3)
	A1 = Sum (heatratei x kWhTES,i)  where i=1,12				Equation (4)
the on-peak source energy consumed by the TES building for all months i
	A2 = Sum (heatratei x kWhTES,j)  where i=1,12				Equation (5)
the off-peak source energy consumed by the TES building for all months i
	B1 = Sum (heatratei x kWhbase,i)  where i=1,12			Equation (6)
the source energy consumed by the non-TES, base building for all months i
	B2 = Sum (heatratej x kWhbase,j)  where i=1,12			Equation (7)
the source energy consumed by the non-TES, base building for all months i

The heat rate values use in these calculations shall be defined by item 1, below, and shall be based on data as defined in item 2.
1.	Heat Rate Values.  The Heat Rate Values used in the code calculation shall be defined by utility service area, utility by utility, so that for each utility service area and each calendar month there shall be two Heat Rate Values, one for the monthly on-peak and one for the monthly off-peak.  Such Heat Rate Values for a given utility shall be the monthly average, weighted by time of operation, of all heat rates of the marginal plants, determined separately as on-peak and off-peak values for the given month.  The marginal plant is the last plant that is needed to meet the utility system load for the hour in question. 
2.	Fundamental Data.  The following is the fundamental data to be used for each given utility: (a) the entire system load of the utility on an hourly basis, (b) the mix of generating capacity on a plant-by-plant basis, and (c) the order of plant dispatch, that is, the order in which plants are successively dispatched in order to meet the system load.

407.2.B  Performance Calculation Procedures Specific to Method B. Blank for numbering consistency.

SECTION 408 
SPACE HEATING EQUIPMENT

408.0 Applicability. This section covers the determination of minimum heating system design requirements and efficiencies.  The requirements of this section apply to equipment and mechanical component performance of all heating systems installed in new and renovated buildings including, but not limited to:  unitary central heat pumps, either air or water source in the heating mode; water source (hydronic) heat pumps as used in multiple unit hydronic HVAC systems; packaged terminal heat pumps and room air conditioner heat pumps in the heating mode; and all gas- and oil-fired warm air furnaces, boilers and direct heating equipment.
EXCEPTIONS:  Special applications, including, but not limited to, hospitals, laboratories, thermally sensitive equipment rooms, and computer rooms may be exempted from the requirements of section 407 when approved by the Building Official.

408.1 Prescriptive Requirements.

408.1.ABCD Basic Prescriptive Requirements for Methods A, B and,C, and D.

408.1.ABCD.1 Sizing.  Heating equipment and systems shall be sized to provide no more than the space and system loads calculated in accordance with section 407.1.ABCD.1, with exceptions.

408.1.ABCD.2 Controls.  Heating equipment and systems shall meet all applicable prescriptive requirements for controls in section 407.1.ABCD.2.

408.1.ABCD.2.1 Setback Controls. Heating systems located in Climate Zones 1, 2 or 3 shall be equipped with controls that have the capability to automatically restart and temporarily operate the system as required to maintain zone temperatures above a heating set point adjustable down to 55°F or lower. 
Where used to control comfort heating, zone thermostatic controls shall be capable of being set locally or remotely by adjustment or selection of sensors down to 55oF or lower.

408.1.ABC.2.2 Heat Pump Auxiliary Heat Control. Heat pumps equipped with internal electric resistance heaters shall have controls that prevent supplemental heater operation when the heating load can be met by the heat pump alone during both steady-state operation and setback recovery. Supplemental heater operation is permitted during outdoor coil defrost cycles.
Exception: Heat pumps whose minimum efficiency is regulated by NAECA and whose HSPF rating both meets the requirements shown in Table 407.1.ABC.3.2B and includes all usage of internal electric resistance heating.

408.1.ABC.2.3 Freeze Protection. Freeze protection systems, such as heat tracing of outdoor piping and heat exchangers, including self-regulating heat tracing, shall include automatic controls capable of shutting off the systems when outside air temperatures are above 40oF or when the conditions of the protected fluid will prevent freezing.

408.1.ABCD.3 Equipment Performance Standards

  Heating system efficiencies shall be rated as follows:
1. Central electric heat pumps under 65,000 Btu/h capacity, both split-system and single-package equipment, single- or three-phase, shall be rated with a Heating Seasonal Performance Factor (HSPF).
2. Packaged terminal heat pumps shall be rated with a Coefficient of Performance (COP). 
3. Air source heat pumps of 65,000 Btu/h or larger and water-source heat pumps shall be rated with a Coefficient of Performance (COP).
4. Gas- and oil-fired warm air furnaces under 225,000 Btu/h and boilers under 300,000 Btu/h shall be rated with an Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency (AFUE).
5. Gas - and oil-fired warm air furnaces and unit heaters of 225,000 Btu/h and over and boilers of 300,000 Btu/h or greater shall be rated with a steady-state combustion efficiency, Et/Ec.
6. Gas- and oil-fired direct heating equipment shall be rated with an Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency (AFUE).
7. Central gas driven heat pumps shall be rated with a Coefficient of Performance (COP).  

408.1.ABCD.3.1.1 Equipment Efficiency Verification Matched Equipment.  If a certification program exists for a product covered in Tables 408.1.ABC.3.2E through 408.1.ABC.3.2G, and it includes provisions for verification and challenge of equipment efficiency ratings, then the product shall be either listed in the certification program or, alternatively, the ratings shall be verified by an independent laboratory test report. If no certification program exists for a product covered in Tables 408.1.ABC.3.2E through 408.1.ABC.3.2G, the equipment efficiency ratings shall be supported by data furnished by the manufacturer. Where equipment is not rated, a Florida-registered engineer shall specify component efficiencies whose combined efficiency meets the minimum equipment efficiency requirements in 408.1.ABC.3.2

408.1.ABCD.3.1.1. Matched Equipment.  Equipment efficiency ratings shall be obtained from a nationally recognized certification program directory, from a manufacturer's rating certified to be in compliance with an approved Department of Energy (DOE) or an Air-conditioning and Refrigeration Institute (ARI) rating procedure.  Equipment efficiencies shall be based on the Standard Rating Conditions contained in the test standard referenced in Chapter 3 that is appropriate for that equipment.  Ratings for products covered under the National Appliance Energy Conservation Act of 1987 shall be those determined for the Federal Trade Commission's required appliance labeling.    

408.1.ABCD.3.1.2 Mix-Matched Equipment. Ratings for unitary central heat pump systems less than 65,000 Btu/h, using evaporator/ (condenser) coils manufactured by independent companies, shall meet all requirements of either section 407.1.ABCD.3.1.2.1 or 407.1.ABCD.3.1.2.2.  Equipment components manufactured by the same company that are not designed and tested for operation together shall also meet these requirements.

408.1.ABCD.3.1.3 Field-Assembled Equipment and Components.  Heat pump systems with capacities of 65,000 Btu/h or greater where components such as indoor or outdoor coils are used from more than one manufacturer, shall be rated by a calculated total system Coefficient of Performance (COP).  The rate of net heat output used in the COP calculation is the change in the total heat content of the air entering and leaving the equipment, not including supplementary heat.  Component efficiencies shall be specified based on data provided by the component manufacturers.  Calculations documenting how the overall system efficiency rating was derived shall be submitted with the appropriate Code compliance form and shall be signed and sealed by a registered professional engineer.

Total on-site energy input to the heat pump shall be determined by combining the energy input to all elements, except supplementary heaters, of the heat pump, including, but not limited to, compressor(s), compressor pump heater(s), pump(s), supply-air fan(s), return-air fan(s), outdoor air fan(s), cooling-tower fan(s), and the HVAC system equipment control circuit.

408.1.ABCD.3.2 Minimum Efficiencies for Heating Equipment.

408.1.ABCD.3.2.1 Equipment Ratings.  Tables 407.1.ABC.3.2B, 407.1.ABC.3.2D, and 408.1.ABC.3.2E through 408.1.ABC.3.2G contain the minimum efficiency requirements for equipment covered by this section of the standard. The tables are organized to cover the following types of equipment:
Table 407.1.ABC.3.2B Heat Pumps
Table 407.1.ABC.3.2D Packaged Terminal Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps
Table 408.1.ABC.3.2E Furnaces, Duct Furnaces, and Unit Heaters
Table 408.1.ABC.3.2F Boilers
Table 408.1.ABC.3.2G Heat Rejection Equipment

Gas-fired and oil-fired forced air furnaces with input ratings >225,000 Btu/h shall also have an intermittent ignition or interrupted device (IID) and have either power venting or a flue damper. A vent damper is an acceptable alternative to a flue damper for furnaces where combustion air is drawn from the conditioned space. All furnaces with input ratings >225,000 Btu/h, including electric furnaces, that are not located within the conditioned space shall have jacket losses not exceeding 0.75% of the input.

TABLE 408.1.ABC.3.2E
Warm Air Furnaces and Combination Warm Air Furnaces/Air-Conditioning Units, 
Warm Air Duct Furnaces and Unit Heaters.  Minimum Efficiency Requirements
Equipment Type	Size Category	Subcategory or Rating Condition	Minimum Efficiency1	Test Procedure2	
Warm Air Furnace, Gas-Fired	<225,000 Btu/h	
	78% AFUE or ;80% Et4	DOE 10 CFR, Part 430 or ANSI Z 21.47	
	>225,000 Btu/h	Maximum Capacity4	80% Ec3	ANSI Z21.47	
Warm Air Furnace, Oil-Fired	<225,000 Btu/h		78% AFUE or ;80% Et4	DOE 10 CFR, Part 430 or UL 727	
	>225,000 Btu/h	Maximum Capacity5	81% Et6	UL 727	
Warm Air Duct Furnaces, Gas-Fired	All Capacities	Maximum Capacity5	80% Ec7	ANSI Z83.9	
Warm Air Unit Heaters, Gas-Fired	All Capacities	Maximum Capacity5	80% Ec7	ANSI Z83.8	
Warm Air Unit Heaters, Oil-Fired	All Capacities	Maximum Capacity5	80% Ec7	UL 731	
1 Et = thermal efficiency. See test procedure for detailed discussion.
2 Sub-chapter 3 contains a complete specification of the referenced test procedure, including the referenced year version of the test procedure. 
3 Ec = combustion efficiency. Units must also include an IID, have jacket losses not exceeding 0.75% of the input rating, and have either power venting or a flue damper. A vent damper is an acceptable alternative to a flue damper for those furnaces where combustion air is drawn from the conditioned space.
4 Combination units not covered by NAECA (3 phase power or cooling capacity greater than or equal to 65,000 Btu/h) may comply with either rating.
5 Minimum and maximum ratings as provided for and allowed by the unit’s controls..
6 Et = thermal efficiency. Units must also include an IID, have jacket losses not exceeding 0.75% of the input rating, and have either power venting or a flue damper. A vent damper is an acceptable alternative to a flue damper for those furnaces where combustion air is drawn from the conditioned space.
7 Ec = combustion efficiency (100% less flue losses). See test procedure for detailed discussion.

TABLE 408.1.ABC.3.2F
Gas- and Oil-Fired Boilers 
Minimum Efficiency Requirements
Equipment Type4	Size Category (Input)	Subcategory or Rating Condition	Minimum Efficiency1	Test Procedure2	
Boilers, Gas-Fired	<300,000 Btu/h	Hot  water	80% AFUE	DOE 10 CFR Part 430	
		Steam	75% AFUE		
	>300,000 Btu/h and <2,500,000	Maximum Capacity3	75% Et1	H.I. Htg Boiler Std.	
	>2,500,000 Btu/h4	Hot Water	80% Ec		
	>2,500,000 Btu/h4	Steam	80% Ec		
Boilers, Oil-Fired	<300,000 Btu/h		80% AFUE	DOE 10 CFR Part 430	
	>300,000 Btu/h and
<250,000,000 Btu/h	Maximum Capacity3	78% Et1	H.I. Htg Boiler Std.	
	>2,500,000 Btu/h4	Hot Water	83% Ec		
	>2,500,000 Btu/h4	Steam	83% Ec		
Oil-Fired (Residual)	>300,000 Btu/h and
<250,000,000 Btu/h	Maximum Capacity3	78% Et1	H.I. Htg Boiler Std.	
	>2,500,000 Btu/h4	Hot Water	83% Ec		
	>2,500,000 Btu/h4	Steam	83% Ec		
1 Et = thermal efficiency. See reference documents for detailed information.
2 Sub-chapter 3 contains a complete specification of the referenced test procedure, including the referenced year version of the test procedure. 
3 Minimum and maximum ratings as provided for and allowed by the unit’s controls.
4 These requirements apply to boilers with rated input of 8,000,000 Btu/h or less that are not packaged boilers, and to all package boilers. Minimum efficiency requirements for boilers cover all capacities of packaged boilers.

408.1.ABC.3.2.2 Radiant Heating Systems

408.1.ABC.3.2.2.1 Heating Unenclosed Spaces. Radiant heating shall be used when heating is required for unenclosed spaces.
Exception: Loading docks equipped with air curtains.

408.1.ABC.3.2.2.2 Heating Enclosed Spaces. Radiant heating systems that are used as primary or supplemental enclosed space heating shall be in conformance with the governing provisions of the standard, including, but not limited, to the following:
a Radiant hydronic ceiling or floor panels (used for heating or cooling).
b. Combination or hybrid systems incorporating radiant heating (or cooling) panels.
c. Radiant heating (or cooling) panels used in conjunction with other systems such as variable air volume or thermal storage systems.

408.1.ABCD.3.2.1 Heat Pump - Heating Mode. These requirements apply, but are not limited to:  unitary central electric or gas driven heat pumps, either air or water source in the heating mode; water source (hydronic) heat pumps as used in multiple unit hydronic HVAC systems; and packaged terminal heat pumps and room air-conditioner heat pumps in the heating mode.

408.1.ABCD.3.2.1.1 Minimum Efficiencies.  Heat pumps whose energy input is entirely electric shall have a Heating Seasonal Performance Factor (HSPF) or Coefficient of Performance (COP), as applicable (see section 408.1.ABCD.2), in the heating mode of not less than the values shown in Table 4-7.

408.1.ABCD.3.2.1.2 Supplementary Heat.

408.1.ABCD.3.2.1.2.1 Heat pumps having supplementary heaters shall have  controls that  prevent heater operation when the heating load can be met by the heat pump.  Supplemental heater operation is permitted during outdoor coil defrost cycles not exceeding 15 minutes.
EXCEPTION:  Heat pumps that incorporate a control system that allows auxiliary electric resistance heat to operate above the balance point are permitted, providing the use of all resistance heat is included in the determination of the HSPF for that heat pump and the HSPF meets the minimum efficiency requirements as shown in Table 4-7.

408.1.ABCD.3.2.1.2.2 Tempering of indoor air during defrost cycles shall be controlled so as to minimize use of supplemental heat.	

408.1.ABCD.3.2.1.2.3 Where manual controls are provided for activating the supplementary heat source on an emergency basis an indicator shall be provided to show the control status.

408.1.ABCD.3.2.1.2.4 Supplementary heat on heat pumps that is provided by electric resistance heaters shall meet the following conditions:
1. Supplementary electric resistance heat greater than 10 KW shall be divided into at least two stages and controlled by outdoor thermostats, multi-stage indoor thermostats, or combinations thereof, to operate only when the system's refrigerating capacity plus previous strip heat stages cannot meet the heating load of the building.
2. Supplementary electric resistance heat plus refrigeration cycle heating capacity shall not exceed 120 percent of the design load calculated at the 99 percent design dry bulb temperature.

408.1.ABCD.3.2.2 Central Electric Furnaces. Central electric furnaces greater than 10 kW shall be divided into at least two stages and controlled by an outdoor thermostat, multi-stage indoor thermostats or combination thereof.

408.1.ABCD.3.2.3 Combustion Heating Equipment

408.1.ABCD.3.2.3.1 All gas and oil-fired furnaces and boilers (as defined in 10 CFR Part 430) shall have an Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency (AFUE) or steady-state combustion efficiency Et, as applicable (see section 408.1.ABCD.3.1.1), of not less than the values shown in Table 4-8.

408.1.ABCD.3.2.3.2 All gas-fired direct heating equipment shall have an Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency (AFUE) of not less than the values shown in Table 4-9.

408.1.ABCD.3.2.4 Other Heating Systems. Heating systems not identified in Tables 4-7 through 4-9 of this Code shall meet at least the lowest efficiency rating on the appropriate table for the size of equipment.

408.1.ABCD.3.2.5 Heating Systems Having Additional Functions. Space heating equipment used to provide additional functions (e.g. service water heating) as part of a combination (integrated) system shall comply with minimum performance requirements for the appropriate space heating equipment category.  Service water heating equipment used to provide additional functions (e.g. space heating) as part of a combination (integrated) system shall, as a minimum, meet the minimum performance requirements for water heating equipment in section 412.1.ABCD.

408.1.AB.1 Calculations.  All calculations and determinations of parameters used in the demonstration of compliance with this code by Methods A or B shall be conducted according to Section 408.2.

408.1.A  Prescriptive Requirements Specific to Method A.  Heating system efficiencies determined by the FLA/COM Method A performance calculation to demonstrate compliance with this code shall be the minimum performance level installed in buildings.

408.1.BC  Prescriptive Requirements Specific to Methods B and C.  
408.1.C  Prescriptive Requirements Specific to Method C.  Heating system minimum efficiency requirements for buildings complying by Methods B and C shall meet or exceed the appropriate code minimum for the equipment installed. See Tables 407.1.ABC.3.2B, 407.1.ABC.3.2D, and 408.1.ABC.3.2E through 408.1.ABC.3.2G that specified for the glazing/lighting wattage/HVAC efficiency package chosen from Table 4C of Form 400C for that occupancy type.  
EXCEPTION: Detached commercial buildings less than 200 sq ft, skyboxes, and traffic safety control towers shall meet the code minimums in Section 408.1.ABCD.3.

See Form 400C in Appendix D for a complete list of  requirements for each building type.

408.1.D  Prescriptive Requirements Specific to Method D.  Heating system efficiency requirements for buildings complying by Method D shall be the Code minimums as per section 408.1.ABCD.3.

TABLE 4-7.  ELECTRIC DRIVEN HEATING EQUIPMENT, HEAT PUMPS
MINIMUM PERFORMANCE EFFICIENCIES - COP, HSPF 1,4
CATEGORY AND RATING CONDITIONS 
Outdoor Temperatures (F)	MINIMUM
    COP 	MINIMUM
   HSPF	
Electric Heat Pumps

   Packaged Terminal (PTHP)
       Standard Rating (47db/43wb)
           <10,000 Btu/h 
           10,000 - 13,000 Btu/h
           > 13,000 Btu/h
   Central Systems
      Air Source
          < 65,000 Btu/h - Season Rating 2 
              Split-system
              Single-package
          > 65,000 Btu/h
              High Temp. Rating (47db/43wb)
              Low Temp. Rating (17db/15wb)
          > 135,000 Btu/h 
              High Temp. Rating (47db/43wb)
              Low Temp. Rating (17db/15wb)
      Water-Source 3            
                 Standard Rating        75F Entering water
                                                   70F Entering water
      Ground-Source 3   
              32 F Entering water
              41 F Entering water    
      Groundwater-Source 3    
              High Temp. Rating       70 F Entering water
              Low Temp. Rating        50 F Entering water                           	

 
  2.7
  2.6
  2.5

  3.0
  2.0
 
  2.9
  2.0
 
  3.9
  3.8
  
  2.5
  2.7
   
  3.4 
  3.0	 

   6.8
   6.6
  	
	1   Equipment testing reference standards are specified in Chapter 3.
	2   To be consistent with the National Appliance Energy Conservation Act of 1987.
	3   Ratings for water source, ground source, and ground water source heat pumps apply to all units under 		135,000 Btu/h.
	4 Products covered by the 1992 Energy Policy Act have no efficiency requirements at other than standard rating 	conditions for products manufactured after 1/1/94. 

TABLE 4-8    GAS- AND OIL-FIRED HEATING EQUIPMENT:
RATING CONDITIONS AND MINIMUM PERFORMANCE EFFICIENCIES1
E t / E c, AFUE
TYPES OF EQUIPMENT, RATING CONDITIONS	E t / E c (%) 2	AFUE(%)	
Warm Air Furnaces 
    < 225,000 Btu/h 3 (Seasonal Rating)            
         Gas-fired
         Oil-fired 
    > 225,000 Btu/h (Steady-State)                         
         Gas-fired   
             Max. Rating Capacity  
             Min. Rated Capacity   
         Oil-fired    
             Max. Rated Capacity
             Min. Rated Capacity       	

  80
  78

  81
  81	
 
  78
  78

	
Warm Air Duct Furnaces
    Gas-fired
         Max. Rated Capacity
         Min. Rated Capacity 	

  78
  75	

Unit Heaters
    Gas-fired
         Max. Rated Capacity
         Min. Rated Capacity
    Oil-fired
         Max. Rated Capacity
         Min. Rated Capacity|	

  78
  74

  81
  81 	

   	
Boilers
   <300,000 Btu/h (Seasonal Rating)
         Gas-fired except steam boilers 
         Gas-fired steam boilers 
         Oil-fired 
   >300,000 Btu/h (Steady-State) 
         Gas-fired 
              Max. Rated Capacity 
              Min. Rated Capacity 
         Oil-fired 
              Max. Rated Capacity 
              Min. Rated Capacity  
         Oil-fired (Residual) 
              Max. Rated Capacity  
              Min. Rated Capacity  	

   80
   80

   83
   83

   83
   83	

  80
  75
  80 	
1   Reference standards for equipment testing are specified in Chapter 3.
2   Combustion efficiency Ec and thermal efficiency Et constitute 100 percent minus flue losses in percent of 	heat input.  See the reference standard in Chapter 3 for more information.
3   To be consistent with National Appliance Energy Conservation Act of 1987, Appendix M to Subpart B, 10CFR   Part 430.

TABLE 4-9
GAS-FIRED DIRECT HEATING EQUIPMENT
MINIMUM PERFORMANCE EFFICIENCIES - AFUE
TYPES OF EQUIPMENT Btu/h Heating Capacity	AFUE (%)	
Wall
    Fan Type
        Up to 42,000
        Over 42,000
    Gravity Type
        Up to 10,000
        Over 10,000 up to 12,000
        Over 12,000 up to 15,000
        Over 15,000 up to 19,000
        Over 19,000 up to 27,000
        Over 27,000 up to 46,000
        Over 46,000	

73
74

59
60
61
62
63
64
65	
Floor
    Up to 37,000
    Over 37,000	
56
57	
Room
    Up to 18,000
    Over 18,000 up to 20,000
    Over 20,000 up to 27,000
    Over 27,000 up to 46,000
    Over 46,000	
57
58
63
64
65	

408.2 Performance Calculation Procedures

408.2.AB Calculation Procedures for Methods A and B.  Calculation procedures for determining space heating system compliance shall be in accordance with the procedures contained within Method A or Method B of the FLA/COM computer program.  

Data shall be input into FLA/COM for each zone by equipment type, size and efficiency.

SECTION 409 
VENTILATION

409.1 Prescriptive Requirements

409.1.ABCD Basic Prescriptive Requirements for Methods A, B, and C, and D. 

409.1.ABCD.1 Air Quality.  Sources of pollutants within the conditioned space shall be minimized or eliminated, if possible, in order to minimize the outside air intake required for dilution.  Concentrated sources shall be controlled at the source by containment, local exhaust systems, or both.

409.1.ABCD.1.1 Ventilation systems shall be designed to be capable of reducing the supply of outdoor air to the minimum ventilation rates required by section 6.1.3 of ASHRAE Standard 62-89.  Systems may be designed to supply outside air quantities exceeding minimum levels, but they shall be capable of operating at no more than minimum levels through the use of return ducts, manually or automatically operated control dampers, fan volume controls , or other devices.
Exception:  Minimum outdoor air quantities may be greater if required to make up air exhausted for source control of contaminants or if required by process systems or local codes. 

409.1.ABC.2 Building Pressures.  Mechanical systems shall be designed to assure that buildings are pressurized with respect to outdoors. 

409.1.ABCD.2 Controls.  Each mechanical ventilation system (supply and exhaust) shall be equipped with a readily accessible switch or other means for shut-off or volume reduction and shut-off when ventilation is not required.  Automatic or manual dampers installed for the purpose of shutting off ventilation systems shall be designed with tight shut-off characteristics to minimize air leakage.
EXCEPTION:  Manual dampers may be used for outdoor air intakes in the following cases:
    1. For multifamily residential buildings
1.	When the fan system capacity is less than 5000 cfm.

409.1.ABC.3 Ventilation System Controls

409.1.ABC.3.1 Stair and Shaft Vents. Stair and elevator shaft vents shall be equipped with motorized dampers that are capable of being automatically closed during normal building operation and are interlocked to open as required by fire and smoke detection systems.

409.1.ABC.3.2 Gravity Hoods, Vents, and Ventilators.  All outdoor air supply and exhaust hoods, vents, and ventilators shall be equipped with motorized dampers that will automatically shut when the spaces served are not in use. 
Exceptions:
1. Gravity (non-motorized) dampers are acceptable in buildings less than three stories in height above grade and for buildings of any height located in climates with less than 2700 HDD65.
2. Ventilation systems serving unconditioned spaces.

409.1.ABC.3.3 Shutoff Damper Controls. Both outdoor air supply and exhaust systems shall be equipped with motorized dampers that will automatically shut when the systems or spaces served are not in use. Ventilation outside air dampers shall be capable of automatically shutting off during preoccupancy building warmup, cooldown, and setback, except when ventilation reduces energy costs (e.g., night purge) or when ventilation must be supplied to meet code requirements.
Exceptions:
1. Gravity (nonmotorized) dampers are acceptable in building exhaust air systems.
2. Gravity (nonmotorized) dampers are acceptable in systems with a design outside air intake or exhaust capacity of 300 cfm or less.

409.1.ABC.3.4 Dampers. Where outdoor air supply and exhaust air dampers are required by Section 409.1.ABC.3, they shall have a maximum leakage rate at 1 in. w.g. of 4 cfm per square foot of damper area for motorized dampers when tested in accordance with AMCA Standard 500 as indicated in Table 409.1.ABC.3.3.

Table 409.1.ABC.3.3
Maximum Damper Leakage

Climate	Maximum Damper Leakage at 1.0 in. w.g. cfm per ft2 of damper area	
	Motorized	Non-motorized	
HDD65>7200 or
CDD50>7200	4	Not alloweda	
HDD65<2701 and
CDD50<3601	20	20b	
All others	10	20b	
	a 20b when allowed by Exception 1 to Section 409.1.ABC.3.2.
	bDampers smaller than 24 in. in either dimension may have leakage of 40 cfm/ft2.

409.1.ABC.3.5 Ventilation Controls for High-Occupancy Areas. Systems with design outside air capacities greater than 3000 cfm serving areas having an average design occupancy density exceeding 100 people per 1000 ft2 shall include means to automatically reduce outside air intake below design rates when spaces are partially occupied. Ventilation controls shall be in compliance with ASHRAE Standard 62 and local standards.
Exception: Systems with heat recovery complying with Section 407.1.ABC.3.5.

409.1.ABC.3.6 Exhaust Hoods

409.1.ABCD.3.6.1 Non-residential Kitchen Spaces.  Non-residential kitchen space and areas in dining rooms or open malls where a kitchen exhaust hood is required by NFPA 96 shall comply with the following requirements:
1. Be designed with an exhaust air and make up air balance such that the space is never under a positive pressure, and never under a negative pressure exceeding 0.02” w.g. relative to all indoor spaces surrounding the kitchen space, during all cooking hours.
2. All exhaust and makeup air system components (fans, dampers, etc.) shall be interlocked in such a way that the balance prescribed in #1 above is maintained throughout all cooking hours, and all variations of cooking operations.

409.1.ABCD.3.6.2 Fume Hoods. Buildings with fume hood systems having a total exhaust rate greater than 15,000 cfm shall include at least one of the following features:
1. Variable air volume hood exhaust and room supply systems capable of reducing exhaust and makeup air volume to 50% or less of design values.
2. Direct makeup (auxiliary) air supply equal to at least 75% of the exhaust rate, heated no warmer than 2oF below room set point, cooled to no cooler than 3oF above room set point, no humidification added, and no simultaneous heating and cooling used for dehumidification control.
3. Heat recovery systems to precondition makeup air from fume hood exhaust in accordance with Section 407.1.ABC.3.5 (Exhaust Air Energy Recovery) without using any exception.

409.2 Performance Calculation Procedures.  Blank for numbering consistency.

410 AIR DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS

410.1 Prescriptive Requirements.  

410.1.ABCD  Basic Prescriptive Requirements for Methods A, B and, C, and D

410.1.ABCD.0 Zoning
410.1.ABCD.0.1  Zones with special process temperature requirements, humidity requirements, or both, shall be served by air distribution systems separate from those serving zones requiring only comfort conditioning.  The central cooling and heating systems for these special process zones shall be separate from the primary cooling and heating systems to allow off-hours control of the primary cooling and heating system specified in section 407.1.ABCD.2.4.
EXCEPTION: Zones requiring only comfort heating or comfort cooling that are served by a system primarily used for process temperature and humidity control need not be served by a separate system if the total supply air to these comfort zones is no more than 25% of the total system supply air or the total conditioned floor area of the zones is less than 1000 square feet.
410.1.ABCD.0.2. Zones having substantially different heating or cooling load characteristics, such as perimeter zones in contrast to interior zones, shall not be served by a single multiple zone air distribution system.
410.1.ABCD.0.3. Perimeter zone systems which reheat air provided by interior zone systems for ventilation or other purposes shall utilize heat pumps or other heat reclaim systems for heating at least those air quantities provided by the interior system.
EXCEPTION: Climate regions where only morning warm-up is required and controls are provided to limit operation of the resistance heat to mornings not to exceed two hours duration.

410.1.ABCD.1 Sizing and Design Criteria

410.1.ABC.1.1 Air System Design and Control.  HVAC systems having a total fan system power exceeding 5 hp shall meet the provisions of Table 410.1.ABC.1.1.1 and Section 410.1.ABC.1.1.2 unless otherwise noted.

410.1.ABC.1.1.1 Fan Power Limitation.  Fan power shall be limited by the following:
1.. The ratio of the fan system power to the supply fan airflow rate (main fan) of each HVAC system at design conditions shall not exceed the allowable fan system power shown in Table 410.1.ABC.1.1.1.
2. Where air systems require air treatment or filtering systems with pressure drops over 1 in. w.c. when filters are clean, or heat recovery coils or devices, or direct evaporative humidifiers/coolers, or other devices to serve process loads in the airstream, the allowable fan system power may be adjusted using the pressure credit in the allowable fan system equation below.
3. If the temperature difference between design room temperature and supply air temperature at cooling design conditions that is used to calculate design zone supply airflow is larger than 20°F, the allowable fan system power may be adjusted using the
temperature ratio in the Allowable Fan System Power equation below.

Table 410.1.ABC.1.1.1  
Fan Power Limitation

Supply Air Volume	Allowable Nameplate Motor Power	
	Constant Volume	Variable Volume	
<20,000 cfm	1.2 hp/1000 cfm	1.7 hp/1000 cfm	
>20,000 cfm	1.1 hp/1000 cfm	1.5 hp/1000 cfm	

Allowable Fan System Power = [Fan Power Limitation X× (Temperature Ratio) + Pressure Credit
    + Relief Fan Credit]
Where:
Fan Power Limitation = 	Table 410.1.ABC.1.1.1 Value X CFMn/1000
Temperature Ratio = 	(T t-stat – TS) / 20
Pressure Credit (hp) = 	Sum of [CFMn × (SPn – 1.0) / 3718] + Sum of [CFMHR × SPHR/3718]
Relief Fan Credit HP (kW) = FR HP (kW) x [1 – (CFMRF / CFMn)]
CFMn 	=	supply air volume of the unit with the filtering system (cfm)
CFMHR 	= 	supply air volume of heat recovery coils or direct evaporative 
humidified/ cooler (cfm)
CFMRF 	= 	relief fan air volume at normal cooling design operation
SPn 	= 	air pressure drop of the filtering system when filters are clean (in. w.g.)
SPHR	 = 	air pressure drop of heat recovery coils or direct evaporative 
humidifier/cooler (in. w.g.).
Tt-stat 	= 	room thermostat set point
TS 	= 	design supply air temperature for the zone in which the thermostat is located
FR	= 	name plate rating of the relief fan in hp 

410.1.ABCD.1.1 Fan System Design.  All HVAC fan systems used for any combination of comfort heating, ventilating, or air conditioning shall meet the design criteria of this section.  For the purposes of this section, the energy demand of a fan system is the sum of the demand of all fans which are required to operate at design conditions to supply air from the heating or cooling source to the conditioned space(s) and return it back to the source or exhaust it to the outdoors.  Fan system energy demand shall not include the additional power required by air treatment or filtering systems with final pressure drops over 1 inch wc.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Systems with total fan system motor horsepower of 10 hp or less.
2. Unitary equipment for which the energy used by the fan is considered in the efficiency ratings of sections 407.1.ABCD.3.1 and/or 408.1.ABCD.3.1.
410.1.ABCD.1.1.1 Constant Volume Fan Systems. For fan systems which provide a constant air volume whenever the fans are operating, the power required by the motors for the combined fan system at design conditions shall not exceed 0.8 W/cfm of supply air.

410.1.ABCD.1.1.2 Variable Air Volume (VAV) Fan Control Systems (Including Systems Using Series Fan Power Boxes).

410.1.ABC.1.1.2.1 Part-Load Fan Power Limitation. Individual VAV fans with motors 30 hp and larger shall meet one of the following:
1. The fan shall be driven by a mechanical or electrical variable-speed drive.
2. The fan shall be a vane-axial fan with variable-pitch blades.
3. The fan shall have other controls and devices that will result in fan motor demand of no more than 30% of design wattage at 50% of design air volume when static pressure set point equals one-third of the total design static pressure, based on manufacturer’s certified fan data

410.1.ABC.1.1.2.2 Static Pressure Sensor Location. Static pressure sensors used to control variable air volume fans shall be placed in a position such that the controller set point is no greater than one-third the total design fan static pressure, except for systems with zone reset control complying with Section 410.1.ABC.1.1.2.3. If this results in the sensor being located downstream of major duct splits, multiple sensors shall be installed in each major branch to ensure that static pressure can be maintained in each.

410.1.ABC.1.1.2.3 Set Point Reset. For systems with direct digital control of individual zone boxes reporting to the central control panel, static pressure set point shall be reset based on the zone requiring the most pressure; i.e., the set point is reset lower until one zone damper is nearly wide open.

410.1.ABCD.1.1.2.1 For fan systems which are able to vary system air volume automatically as a function of load, the power required by the motors for the combined fan system shall not exceed 1.25 W/cfm of supply air at design conditions.  
410.1.ABCD.1.1.2.2 Individual VAV fans with motors 75 hp and larger shall include controls and devices necessary for the fan motor to demand no more than 50% of design wattage at 50% of design air volume, based on manufacturer's test data.

410.1.ABCD.1.2 Duct Sizing and Design. Duct systems shall be sized and designed through the use of ASHRAE, ACCA or other nationally recognized design procedure.

410.1.ABCD.2 Air Distribution System Insulation.  All air distribution system components which move or contain conditioned air including, but not limited to, air filter enclosures, air ducts and plenums that are located in or on buildings shall be thermally insulated in accordance with the criteria of Sections 410.1.ABCD.2.1 through 410.1.ABCD.2.5.4.

410.1.ABC.2.1 General.  Insulation shall be protected from damage, including that due to sunlight, moisture, equipment maintenance, and wind, but not limited to the following:
1. Insulation exposed to weather shall be suitable for outdoor service, e.g., protected by aluminum, sheet metal, painted canvas, or plastic cover. Cellular foam insulation shall be protected as above or painted with a coating that is water retardant and provides shielding from solar radiation that can cause degradation of the material.
2. Insulation covering chilled water piping, refrigerant suction piping, or cooling ducts located outside the conditioned space shall include a vapor retardant located outside the insulation (unless the insulation is inherently vapor retardant), all penetrations and joints of which shall be sealed.

410.1.ABCD.2.2.1 Insulation Required.  All supply and return ducts and plenums installed as part of an HVAC air distribution system shall be thermally insulated in accordance with The minimum installed thermal resistance for air distribution system components shall be as specified in Table 410.1.ABC.2.2 4-10.
Exceptions:
1.	Factory-installed plenums, casings, or ductwork furnished as a part of HVAC equipment tested and rated in accordance with Sections 407.ABC.3.2 and 408.1.ABC.3.2.1.
2.	Ducts or plenums located in heated spaces, semiheated spaces, or cooled spaces.
3.	For runouts less than 10 ft in length to air terminals or air outlets, the rated R-value of insulation need not exceed R-4.2.
4.	Backs of air outlets and outlet plenums exposed to unconditioned or indirectly conditioned spaces with face areas exceeding 5 ft2 need not exceed R-2; those 5 ft2 or smaller need not be insulated.
1. Air distribution system components, except air handling units, that are located in enclosed unconditioned space with a Temperature Difference (TD) greater than 40oF shall be insulated to at least R-6.  TD is the temperature difference between the space within which the duct is located and the temperature of the air leaving the heating or cooling unit. 
2. Air distribution system component insulation (except where required to prevent condensation) is not required in the following cases:
a. Ducts located directly in the heated and/or cooled space.
b. Exhaust air ducts.
c. Factory-installed plenums, casings, or ductwork furnished as a part of HVAC equipment tested and rated in accordance with section 407.1.ABCD.3 or 408.1.ABCD.3.
5.	d. Return air ducts meeting all the requirements of Section 410.1.ABCD.3.6 for building cavities which will be used as return air plenums.

TABLE 410.1.ABC.2.2-4-10
MINIMUM INSULATION LEVELS
AIR DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM COMPONENTS1
Location	Duct Insulation
R-Value	Duct Insulation
R-Value	
Exterior of building
Attic with ceiling insulation
Dropped ceiling cavity with roof insulation 1  
    Climate zones 1, 2, 3  
    Climate zones 4, 5, 6  
    Climate zones 7, 8, 9  
Unconditioned interior spaces2
Indirectly conditioned spaces3
Conditioned interior spaces
Buried	                           R-8
                           R-6

Roof >R-16        R-4.2
Roof >R-14        R-4.2
Roof >R-12        R-4.2
                           R-4.2
                           None 
                           None
                           R-4.2	

Roof < R-16:    R-6
Roof < R-14:    R-6
Roof < R-12:    R-6	
1 Roof R-value specified is of the insulation only.
2 Includes crawl spaces, both ventilated and non-ventilated.
3 Includes return air plenums with or without exposed roofs above.

410.1.ABCD.2.3 2  R-Value Determination.  All duct insulation and factory-made ducts shall be labeled with R-values based on flat sections of insulation only at installed thickness and excluding any air film resistance.  The thermal resistance (R) shall be determined using the relationship R=t/k where t (inches) is the installed thickness and k (Btu-in/hr.ft2oF) is the measured apparent thermal conductivity at 75oF mean temperature and at installed thickness tested in accordance with ASTM C-518 or ASTM C-177.

The installed thickness of duct insulation used to calculate R-values shall be determined as follows:  
1. Duct board, duct liner and factory-made rigid ducts not normally subjected to compression shall use the nominal insulation thickness.
2. Duct wrap shall have an assumed installed thickness of 75% of nominal thickness (25% compression).
3. Factory-made flexible air ducts shall have the installed thickness and calculated R-values determined in accordance with Paragraph 3.4, of the 1996 Edition of The Air Diffusion Council Standard, Flexible Duct Performance & Installation Standards, Third Edition.

410.1.ABCD.2.43 Condensation Control.  Additional insulation with vapor barrier shall be provided where the minimum duct insulation requirements of 410.1.ABC.2.2D.3.1 are determined to be insufficient to prevent condensation.

410.1.ABCD.2.54 Fibrous Glass Duct Liner.   Fibrous glass duct liner shall be fabricated and installed in accordance with the provisions of the NAIMA Fibrous Glass Duct Liner Standard, 1994.  

410.1.ABCD.3 Air Distribution System Construction and Installation.  Ducts shall be constructed, braced, reinforced and installed to provide structural strength and durability.  All transverse joints, longitudinal seams and fitting connections shall be securely fastened and sealed in accordance with the applicable standards of this section.  
As an alternative to compliance with specific criteria of sections 410.1.ABCD.3.0.4 through 410.1.ABCD.3.2.1, 410.1.ABCD.3.3.1 through 410.1.ABCD.3.3.2, and 410.1.ABCD.3.3.6, air ducts and duct systems complying with the applicable requirements of the following standards shall be deemed as meeting the intent of this Code.  Where these standards do not address the specific closure details of the Code, in the manner required by the subsequent sections of this Code, the requirements of the Code shall govern.
1. SMACNA HVAC Duct Construction Standards, Metal and Flexible.
2. NAIMA Fibrous Glass Duct Construction Standards.
3. ADC Flexible Duct Performance and Installation Standards.
4. ASHRAE Handbook - HVAC Systems and Equipment.
5. UL 181.
6. UL181A: Part I; Part; Part III.
7. UL 181B: Part I; Part II.

410.1.ABCD.3.0  General.  All enclosures which form the primary air containment passageways for air distribution systems shall be considered ducts or plenum chambers and shall be constructed and sealed in accordance with the applicable criteria of this section. 

410.1.ABCD.3.0.1 Mechanical Fastening.  All joints between sections of air ducts and plenums, between intermediate and terminal fittings and other components of the air distribution system, and between subsections of these components shall be mechanically fastened to secure the sections independently of the closure system(s).

410.1.ABCD.3.0.2 Sealing.  Air distribution system components shall be sealed to 100 percent closure with approved closure systems.

410.1.ABCD.3.0.3 Space Provided.  Sufficient space shall be provided adjacent to all mechanical components located in or forming a part of the air distribution system to assure adequate access for 1) construction and sealing in accordance with the requirements of Section 410.1.ABCD.3 of this code, 2) inspection and 3) cleaning and maintenance.  A minimum of 4" is considered sufficient space around air handling units.
Exception: Retrofit or replacement units not part of a renovation are exempt from the minimum clearance requirement.

410.1.ABCD.3.0.4 Product Application.  Closure products shall be applied to the air barriers of air distribution system components being joined in order to form a continuous barrier or they may be applied in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions or appropriate industry installation standard where more restrictive.

410.1.ABCD.3.0.5 Surface Preparation.  The surfaces upon which closure products are to be applied shall be clean and dry in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions.

410.1.ABCD.3.0.6 Approved Mechanical Attachments.  Approved mechanical attachments for air distribution system components include screws, rivets, welds, inter-locking joints crimped and rolled, staples, twist in (screw attachment), and compression systems created by bend tabs or screws tabs and flanges or by clinching straps.  Mechanical attachments shall be selected to be appropriate to the duct system type.

410.1.ABCD.3.0.7 Approved Closure Systems.  The following closure systems and materials are approved for air distribution construction and sealing for the applications and pressure classes prescribed in Sections 410.1.ABCD.3.1 through 410.1.ABCD.3.8:
1. Metal Closures.
a. Welds applied continuously along metal seams or joints through which air could leak.
b. Longitudinal grooved metal seams and snaplock seams that are rolled and crimped by the manufacturer.
2. Gasketing, which achieves a 25/50 Flame Spread/Smoke Density Development rating under ASTM E84 or UL 723, provided that it is used only between mated surfaces which are mechanically fastened with sufficient force to compress the gasket and to fill all voids and cracks through which air leakage would otherwise occur.
3. Mastics Closures.  Mastics shall be placed over the entire joint between mated surfaces.  Mastics shall not be diluted.  Approved mastics include the following:
a. Mastic or mastic-plus-embedded fabric systems applied to fibrous glass ductboard that are listed and labeled in accordance with UL 181A, Part III.
b. Mastic or mastic-plus-embedded fabric systems applied to non-metal flexible duct that are listed and labeled in accordance with UL 181B, Part II.
c.  Mastic ribbons, which achieve a 25/50 Flame Spread/Smoke Density Development rating under ASTM E84 or UL 723, provided that they may be used only in flange-joints and lap-joints, such that the mastic resides between two parallel surfaces of the air barrier and that those surfaces are mechanically fastened.
4. Tapes.  Tapes shall be applied such that they extend not less than 1 inch onto each of the mated surfaces and shall totally cover the joint.  When used on rectangular ducts, tapes shall be used only on joints between parallel rigid surfaces and on right angle joints.  Approved tapes include the following:
a. Pressure-sensitive tapes.
1) Pressure-sensitive tapes applied to fibrous glass ductboard that are listed and labeled in accordance with UL 181A, Part I.
2)Pressure-sensitive tapes applied to non-metal flexible duct that are listed and labeled in accordance with UL 181B, Part I
b. Heat-activated tapes applied to fibrous glass ductboard that are listed and labeled in accordance with UL 181A, Part II.
5.  Aerosol Sealant.  Such sealants shall be installed by manufacturer-certified installers following manufacturer instructions and shall achieve 25/50 Flame Spread/Smoke Density Development ratings under ASTM E84 or UL 723.

410.1.ABCD.3.1 Metal Duct, Rigid and Flexible.  All transverse joints, longitudinal seams and duct wall penetration of ducts and joints with other air distribution system components shall be mechanically attached and sealed to 100 percent closure using approved closure systems for that pressure class as specified in Section 410.1.ABCD.3.1.1 or Section 410.1.ABCD.3.1.2.

410.1.ABCD.3.1.1 Pressures Less Than 1 Inch Water Gauge, Approved Closure Systems.  The following closure systems are approved for rigid metal duct designed to be operated at pressures less than 1" w.g. when they conform to the approved closure and mechanical attachment requirements of Section 410.1.ABCD.3.0:
1. Continuous welds.
2. Snaplock seams and grooved, standing, double-corner, single-corner and Pittsburgh-lock seams, and all other rolled mechanical seams.
3. Mastic, mastic-plus-embedded fabric or mastic ribbons.
4. Gaskets.
5. Pressure-sensitive tape. 
6. Aerosol sealant.

410.1.ABCD.3.1.2 Pressures 1 Inch Water Gauge or Greater, Approved Closure Systems.  The following closure systems are approved for rigid metal duct designed to be operated at pressures 1" w.g. or greater when they conform to the approved closure and mechanical attachment requirements of Section 410.1.ABCD.3.0:
1. Continuous welds.
2. Mastic, mastic-plus-embedded fabric systems, or mastic ribbons.
3. Gaskets.

410.1.ABCD.3.1.3 High Pressure Duct Systems.  High pressure duct systems designed to operate at pressures greater than 3 inches water gauge (4 inches water gauge pressure class), shall be tested in accordance with the SMACNA HVAC Air Duct Leakage Test Manual.  The tested duct leakage class, at a test pressure equal to the design duct pressure class rating, shall be equal to or less than Leakage Class 6.  Leakage testing may be limited to representative sections of the duct system but in no case shall such tested sections include less than 25 percent of the total installed duct area for the designated pressure class.

410.1.ABCD.3.2 Fibrous Glass Duct, Rigid.  All rigid fibrous glass ducts and plenums shall be constructed and erected in accordance with the provisions of the NAIMA Fibrous Glass Duct Construction Standards, 1993.
 
All joints, seams and duct wall penetrations including, but not limited to, the joints between sections of duct and the joints between duct and other distribution system components shall be mechanically attached and sealed to 100 percent closure using approved closure systems as specified in Section 410.1.ABCD.3.2.1. 

410.1.ABCD.3.2.1  Approved Closure Systems.  The following closure systems are approved for rigid fibrous glass duct when they meet the approved closure and mechanical attachment requirements of Section 410.1.ABCD.3.0:
1. Heat-activated tapes. 
2. Pressure-sensitive tapes. 
3. Mastics or mastic-plus-embedded fabric systems.

410.1.ABC.3.2.2 Mechanical Fastening. Attachments of ductwork to air handling equipment shall be by mechanical fasteners. Where access is limited, two fasteners on one side shall be acceptable when installed in accordance with Section 410.1.ABC.3.0.6.

410.1.ABCD.3.3. Flexible Duct Systems, Non-Metal.  Flexible non-metal ducts shall be joined to all other air distribution system components by either terminal or intermediate fittings.  All duct collar fittings shall have a minimum 5/8 inch integral flange for sealing to other component and a minimum 3 inch shaft for insertion into the inner duct core.  

Flexible ducts having porous inner cores shall not be used.
Exception:  Ducts having a non-porous liner between the porous inner core and the outer jacket.  Fastening and sealing requirements shall be applied to such intermediate liners.

All joints of flexible ducts to fittings and fittings to other air distribution system components shall be mechanically attached and sealed as specified in Sections 410.1.ABCD.3.3.1 through 410.1.ABCD.3.3.6.

410.1.ABCD.3.3.1 Duct Core to Duct Fitting, Mechanical Attachment.  The reinforced core shall be mechanically attached to the duct fitting by a drawband installed directly over the wire-reinforced core and the duct fitting.  The duct fitting shall extend a minimum of 2 inches into each section of duct core.  When the flexible duct is larger than 12 inches in diameter or the design pressure exceeds 1 inch water gauge, the drawband shall be secured by a raised bead or indented groove on the fitting.

410.1.ABCD.3.3.2 Duct Core to Duct Fitting, Approved Closure Systems.  The reinforced core shall be sealed to the duct fitting using one of the following sealing materials which conforms to the approved closure and mechanical attachment requirements of Section 410.1.ABCD.3.0:
1. Gasketing. 
2. Mastic, mastic-plus-embedded fabric systems, or mastic ribbons. 
3. Pressure-sensitive tape. 
4.  Aerosol sealants, provided that their use is consistent with UL 181.

410.1.ABCD.3.3.3 Duct Outer Jacket to Duct Collar Fitting.  The outer jacket of a flexible duct section shall be secured at the juncture of the air distribution system component and intermediate or terminal fitting in such a way as to prevent excess condensation.  The outer jacket of a flexible duct section shall not be interposed between the flange of the duct collar fitting and the flexible duct, rigid fibrous glass duct board, or sheet metal to which it is mated.

410.1.ABCD.3.3.4 Duct Collar Fittings to Rigid Duct, Mechanical Attachment.  The duct collar fitting shall be mechanically attached to the rigid duct board or sheet metal by appropriate mechanical fasteners, either screws, spin-in flanges, or dovetail flanges. 

410.1.ABCD.3.3.5 Duct Collar Fitting to Rigid Duct, Approved Closure Systems.  The duct collar fitting's integral flange shall be sealed to the rigid duct board or sheet metal using one of the following closure systems/materials which conforms to the approved closure and mechanical attachment standards of 410.1.ABCD.3.0:  
1. Gasketing. 
2. Mastic or mastic-plus-embedded fabric. 
3.  Mastic ribbons when used to attach a duct collar to sheet metal.
4. Pressure-sensitive tape.
5.  Aerosol sealants, provided that their use is consistent with UL 181.  

410.1.ABCD.3.3.6 Flexible Duct Installation and Support.  Flexible ducts shall be configured and supported so as to prevent the use of excess duct material, prevent duct dislocation or damage, and prevent constriction of the duct below the rated duct diameter in accordance with the following requirements:
1. Ducts shall be installed fully extended.  The total extended length of duct material shall not exceed 5 percent of the minimum required length for that run.
2. Bends shall maintain a center line radius of not less than one duct diameter.
3. Terminal devices shall be supported independently of the flexible duct.
4. Horizontal duct shall be supported at intervals not greater than 5 feet.  Duct sag between supports shall not exceed ½ inch per foot of length.  Supports shall be provided within 1.5 feet of intermediate fittings and between intermediate fittings and bends.  Ceiling joists and rigid duct or equipment may be considered to be supports.
5. Vertical duct shall be stabilized with support straps at intervals not greater than 6 feet.
6. Hangers, saddles and other supports shall meet the duct manufacturer's recommendations and shall be of sufficient width to prevent restriction of the internal duct diameter.  In no case shall the material supporting flexible duct that is in direct contact with it be less than 1½ inches. 

410.1.ABCD.3.4 Terminal and Intermediate Fittings.  All seams and joints in terminal and intermediate fittings, between fitting subsections and between fittings and other air distribution system components or building components shall be mechanically attached and sealed to 100 percent closure using approved closure systems for that joining application as specified in Section 410.1.ABCD.3.4.1 or Section 410.1.ABCD.3.4.2. 

410.1.ABCD.3.4.1 Fittings and Joints Between Dissimilar Duct Types, Approved Closure Systems.  Approved closure systems shall be as designated by air distribution system component material type in Section 410.1.ABCD.3.
Exception:  When the components of a joint are fibrous glass duct board and metal duct, including collar fittings and metal equipment housings, the closure systems approved for fibrous glass duct shall be used.  

410.1.ABCD.3.4.2 Terminal Fittings and Air Ducts to Building Envelope Components, Approved Closure Systems.  Terminal fittings and air ducts which penetrate the building envelope shall be mechanically attached to the structure and sealed to the envelope component penetrated and shall use one of the following closure systems/materials which conform to the approved closure and mechanical application requirements of Section 410.1.ABCD.3.0:
1. Mastics or mastic-plus-embedded fabrics.
2. Gaskets used in terminal fitting/grille assemblies which compress the gasket material between the fitting and the wall, ceiling or floor sheathing.

410.1.ABCD.3.5 Air Handling Units.  All air handling units shall be mechanically attached to other air distribution system components.  Air handling units located outside the conditioned space shall be sealed to 100 percent closure using approved closure systems conforming to the approved closure and mechanical application requirements of Section 410.1.ABCD.3.1.  

410.1.ABCD.3.5.1 Approved Closure Systems.  Systems conforming to the product and application standards of section 410.1.ABCD.3.0 may be used when sealing air handling units.

410.1.ABCD.3.5.2 Air Handling Units.  Air handling units shall not be installed in attics (see definition of “Attic” in Section 202).

410.1.ABCD.3.6 Cavities of the Building Structure.  Cavities in framed spaces, such as dropped soffits and walls, shall not be used to deliver air from or return air to the conditioning system unless they contain an air duct insert which is insulated in accordance with Section 410.1.ABCD.2 and constructed and sealed in accordance with the requirements of Section 410.1.ABCD.3 appropriate for the duct materials used.
Exception: Return air plenums.

Cavities designed for air transport such as mechanical closets, chases, air shafts, etc. shall be lined with an air barrier and sealed in accordance with Section 410.1.ABCD.3.7 and shall be insulated in accordance with Section 410.1.ABCD.2.

Building cavities which will be used as return air plenums shall be lined with a continuous air barrier made of durable non-porous materials.  All penetrations to the air barrier shall be sealed with a suitable long-life mastic material.
Exception: Surfaces between the plenum and conditioned spaces from which the return/mixed air is drawn.

Building cavities beneath a roof deck that will be used as return air plenums shall have an insulated roof with insulation having an R-value of at least R-19.

410.1.ABCD.3.7 Mechanical Closets.  The interior surfaces of mechanical closets shall be sheathed with a continuous air barrier as specified in section 410.1.ABCD.3.7.1 and shall be sealed to 100 percent closure with approved closure systems as specified in section 410.1.ABCD.3.7.2.  All joints shall be sealed between air barrier segments and between the air barriers of walls and those of the ceiling, floor and door framing.  All penetrations of the air barrier including but not limited to those by air ducts, service lines, refrigerant lines, electrical wiring, and condensate drain lines shall be sealed to the air barrier with approved closure systems.
Exception:  Air passageways into the closet from conditioned space that are specifically designed for return air flow.

Through-wall, through-floor and through-ceiling air passageways into the closet shall be framed and sealed to form an airtight passageway using approved air duct materials and approved closure systems.

Duct penetrations through any part of the ceiling, walls or floor of a mechanical closet shall have sufficient space between surrounding ceiling, walls or floor and any duct or plenum penetration to allow for sealing of the penetration and inspection of the seal.

Clothes washers, clothes dryers, combustion water heaters and atmospheric combustion furnaces shall not be located in mechanical closets used as return air plenums.

410.1.ABCD.3.7.1 Approved Air Barriers.  The following air barriers are approved for use in mechanical closets:
1. One-half inch thick or greater gypsum wallboard;
2. Other panelized materials having inward facing surfaces with an air porosity no greater than that of a duct product meeting Section 22 of UL 181 which are sealed on all interior surfaces to create a continuous air barrier.

410.1.ABCD.3.7.2 Approved Closure Systems.  The following closure systems are approved for use in mechanical closets:
1. Gypsum wallboard joint compound over taped joints between gypsum wallboard panels.
2. Sealants complying with the product and application standards of Section 410.1.ABCD.3.2.1 for fibrous glass ductboard;
3. A suitable long-life caulk or mastic compliant with the locally adopted mechanical code for all applications. 

410.1.ABCD.3.8 Enclosed Support Platforms.  Enclosed support platforms located between the return air inlet(s) from conditioned space and the inlet of the air handling unit or furnace, shall contain a duct section constructed entirely of rigid metal, rigid fibrous glass duct board, or flexible duct which is constructed and sealed according to the respective requirements of Section 410.1.ABCD.3 and insulated according to the requirements of Section 410.1.ABCD.2.  

The duct section shall be designed and constructed so that no portion of the building structure, including adjoining walls, floors and ceilings, shall be in contact with the return air stream or function as a component of this duct section. 

The duct section shall not be penetrated by a refrigerant line chase, refrigerant line, wiring, pipe or any object other than a component of the air distribution system.

Through-wall, through-floor and through-ceiling air passageways into the duct section shall contain a branch duct which is fabricated of rigid fibrous glass duct board or rigid metal and which extends to and is sealed to both the duct section and the grille side wall surface.  The branch duct shall be fabricated and attached to the duct insert in accordance with Section 410.1.ABCD.3.2 or Section 410.1.ABCD.3.1 for the duct type used.

410.1.ABCD.4 Air Distribution System Testing, Adjusting, and Balancing.  

410.1.ABC.4.1Duct Leakage Tests. Air distribution systems shall be tested, adjusted, and balanced by an engineer licensed in this state or a company or individual holding a current certification from a recognized testing and balancing agency organization. or comparable certification approved by the authority having jurisdiction.  
Exceptions: 
1. Buildings with cooling or heating system capacities of 15 tons or less per system may be tested and balanced by a mechanical contractor licensed to design and install such system(s).
2. Buildings with cooling or heating system capacities of 65,000 Btu/h or less per system are exempt from the requirements of this section.

410.1.ABC.4.2 General. Construction documents shall require that all HVAC systems be balanced in accordance with generally accepted engineering standards (see Appendix E of this chapter). Construction documents shall require that a written balance report be provided to the owner or the designated representative of the building owner for HVAC systems serving zones with a total conditioned area exceeding 5000 ft2.

410.1.ABCD.4.3 1 Air system balancing shall be accomplished in a manner to first minimize throttling losses, then fan speed shall be adjusted to meet design flow conditions.  Balancing procedures shall be in accordance with the National Environmental Balancing Bureau (NEBB) Procedural Standards (1991), the Associated Air Balance Council (AABC) National Standards (1989), or equivalent procedures.
Exception: Damper throttling may be used for air system balancing with fan motors of 1 hp or less, or if throttling results in no greater than 1/3 hp fan horsepower draw above that required if the fan speed were adjusted.
IMPORTANT NOTES:
1. Building envelope pressurization should be either neutral or positive to prevent infiltration of excess latent load.
2. Commercial kitchen hood exhaust cfm should be sized to prevent significant depressurization.  See Section 409.1.ABC.2 and NFPA 96.

410.1.A Prescriptive Requirements Specific to Method A.  Air distribution system efficiencies determined by the FLA/COM Method A performance calculation to demonstrate compliance with this Code shall be the minimum performance level installed in buildings.

410.1.BC Prescriptive Requirements Specific to Methods B and C.  Blank for numbering consistency.
410.1.C Prescriptive Requirements Specific to Method C.  Air distribution systems  for buildings covered by Methods B and C, Limited and Special Use Building Applications, shall meet the code minimums in Section 410.1.ABCD.  See Form 400C in Appendix D for a complete list of prescriptive requirements for each building type.
410.1.C.1 Skyboxes or Sports Stadiums. A programmable setback thermostat shall be installed for in-season use, and at least one humidistat control per zone shall be installed for off-season use.
EXCEPTION:  Installation of a central energy management system.
410.1.D  Prescriptive Requirements Specific to Method D.  Blank for numbering consistency.

410.2 Performance Calculation Procedures

410.2.AB Calculation Procedures for Methods A and B.  Calculation procedures for determining air distribution compliance shall be in accordance with the procedures contained within Method A or Method B of the FLA/COM computer program.  

Data shall be input into FLA/COM by zone by air handling system type.

SECTION 411 
PUMPS AND PIPING

411.1 Prescriptive Requirements

411.1.ABCD Basic Prescriptive Requirements for Methods A, B,and C, and  D.

411.1.ABCD.1  Pumping System Design Criteria. Hydronic System Design and Control. HVAC hydronic systems having a total pump system power exceeding 10 hp shall meet provisions of  Sections 411.1.ABC.1.1 through 411.1.ABC.1.4.

411.1.ABC.1.1 Hydronic Variable Flow Systems. HVAC pumping systems that include control valves designed to modulate or step open and close as a function of load shall be designed for variable fluid flow and shall be capable of reducing pump flow rates to 50% or less of the design flow rate. Individual pumps serving variable flow systems having a pump head exceeding 100 ft and motor exceeding 50 hp shall have controls and/or devices (such as variable speed control) that will result in pump motor demand of no more than 30% of design wattage at 50% of design water flow. The controls or devices shall be controlled as a function of desired flow or to maintain a minimum required differential pressure. Differential pressure shall be measured at or near the most remote heat exchanger or the heat exchanger requiring the greatest differential pressure.
Exceptions:
1. Systems where the minimum flow is less than the minimum flow required by the equipment manufacturer for the proper operation of equipment served by the system, such as chillers, and where total pump system power is 75 hp or less.
2. Systems that include no more than three control valves.

411.1.ABC.1.2 Pump Isolation. When a chilled water plant includes more than one chiller, provisions shall be made so that the flow in the chiller plant can be automatically reduced, correspondingly, when a chiller is shut down. Chillers referred to in this section, piped in series for the purpose of increased temperature differential, shall be considered as one chiller.  When a boiler plant includes more than one boiler, provisions shall be made so that the flow in the boiler plant can be automatically reduced, correspondingly, when a boiler is shut down.

411.1.ABC.1.3 Chilled and Hot Water Temperature Reset Controls. Chilled and hot water systems with a design capacity exceeding 300,000 Btu/h supplying chilled or heated water (or both) to comfort conditioning systems shall include controls that automatically reset supply water temperatures by representative building loads (including return water temperature) or by outside air temperature.
Exceptions:
1. Where the supply temperature reset controls cannot be implemented without causing improper operation of heating, cooling, humidifying, or dehumidifying systems.
2. Hydronic systems, such as those required by Section 411.1.ABC.1.1 that use variable flow to reduce pumping energy.

411.1.ABC.1.4 Hydronic (Water Loop) Heat Pump Systems.  Each hydronic heat pump shall have a two-position automatic valve interlocked to shut off water flow when the compressor is off.

411.1.ABCD.1.1 General. The following design criteria apply to all HVAC pumping systems used for comfort heating, comfort air conditioning, or both.  For the purposes of this section, the energy demand of a pumping system is the sum of the demand of all pumps which are required to operate at design conditions to supply fluid from the heating or cooling source to the conditioned space(s) or heat transfer devices(s) and return it back to the source.
EXCEPTION: Systems with total pump system motor horsepower of 10 hp or less.
 411.1.ABCD.1.2 Friction Rate.  Piping systems shall be designed at a friction pressure loss rate of not more than 4.0 feet of water per 100 equivalent feet of pipe.
NOTE: Lower friction rates may be required for proper noise or corrosion control.
411.1.ABCD.1.3 Variable Flow.  HVAC pumping systems used for comfort heating and/or comfort air conditioning that serve control valves designed to modulate or step open and closed as a function of load shall be designed for variable fluid flow and capable of reducing system flow to 50% of design flow or less. 
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Systems where a minimum flow greater than 50% of the design flow is required for the proper operation of equipment served by the system, such as chillers.
2. Systems that serve no more than one control valve.
3. Systems with a total pump system horse power < 10 h.p. 
4. Systems that include supply temperature reset controls in accordance with section 407.1.ABCD.2.2.1.1, without exception.

411.1.ABCD.2 Piping Insulation. Piping shall be thermally insulated in accordance with Table 411.1.ABC.2
Exceptions:
1. Factory-installed piping within HVAC equipment tested and rated in accordance with Sections 407.1.ABC.3.2 and 408.1.ABC.3.2.1.
2. Piping that conveys fluids having a design operating temperature range between 60°F and 105°F, inclusive.
3. Piping that conveys fluids that have not been heated or cooled through the use of nonrenewable energy (such as roof and condensate drains, domestic cold water supply, natural gas piping, or refrigerant liquid piping) or where heat gain or heat loss will not increase energy usage.
4. Hot water piping between the shutoff valve and the coil, not exceeding 4 ft. in length, when located in conditioned spaces.
5. Pipe unions in heating systems (steam, steam condensate, and hot water).

All HVAC system piping, including the vapor line of HVAC refrigerant piping, shall be thermally insulated in accordance with Table 4-11.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Factory-installed piping within HVAC equipment tested and rated in accordance with 407.1.ABCD.3 and 408.1.ABCD.3.
2. Piping that conveys fluids which have a design operating temperature range between 55oF and 105oF.
3. Piping that conveys fluids which have not been heated or cooled through the use of fossil fuels or electricity.
411.1.ABCD.2.1 Alternative Insulation Types. Insulation thicknesses in Table 4-11 are based on insulation with thermal conductivities within the range listed for each fluid operating temperature range, rated in accordance with ASTM C 335-89 at the mean temperature listed in the table.  For insulation that has a conductivity outside the range shown in Table 4-11 for the applicable fluid operating temperature range at the mean rating temperature shown (when rounded to the nearest 0.01 Btu.in./(h.oF.ft2), the minimum thicknesses shall be determined in accordance with Equation 4-2:

				EQUATION 4-2
			   T = PR [(1 + t/PR)K/k - 1]
	Where:
		  T  = Minimum insulation thickness for material with
		         conductivity K, in.
		PR = Pipe actual outside radius, in.
		   t  = Insulation thickness from Table 4-11, in.
		  K = Conductivity of alternate material at the mean rating
		        temperature indicated in Table 4-11 for the applicable
		        fluid temperature range, Btu.in./(h.ft2.oF)
	             k = The lower value of the conductivity range listed
		         in Table 4-11 for the applicable fluid temperature
		         range, Btu.in./(h.ft2.oF)

411.1.ABCD.3 Construction and Installation.  Blank for numbering consistency.

411.1.ABCD.4 Hydronic System Testing, Adjusting, and Balancing. Hydronic systems shall be tested, adjusted and balanced by a company holding a current certification from a nationally recognized testing and balancing organization.  

 Hydronic systems shall be balanced by adjusting pump speed or by trimming the impeller to meet design flow requirements.  Valve throttling alone may be used for final balancing in the following cases:
1. For pumps with pump motors of 10 hp or less.
2. If valve throttling results in no greater than 3 hp pump horsepower draw above that required if the impeller were trimmed.
3. To reserve additional pump pressure capability in open circuit piping systems subject to fouling.  Valve throttling pressure drop shall not exceed that expected for future fouling.

411.2 Performance Calculation Procedures.  Blank for numbering consistency.

TABLE 411.1.ABC.2-11
MINIMUM PIPE INSULATION (in.)1
Type System	Fluid Design Operating Temperature
Range, oF	Insulation Conductivity	Nominal Pipe or Tube Size (in.) Diameter	
		Conductivity
Range       
Btu in/(h ft2 .oF)	Mean Temperature Rating	Run-outs 2 Up to 2	<1 and Less	1-1 ½ -1/4  to 2	2-1/2  1 ½ to 4	4 5 to <8 6	>8 and
up	
Heating Systems (Steam, Steam Condensate, and Hot Water)2,3	
	Above >350	0.32 - 0.34	250	1.5	2.5	3.0 2.5	3.0	4.0 3.5	4.0 3.5	
	251 - 350	0.29 - 0.321	200	1.5	1.5 2.0	2.5	3.02.5	3.0 3.5	3.0 3.5	
	201 - 250	0.27 - 0.30	150	1.0	1.5	1.5	2.0	2.0	2.0 3.5	
	141 - 200	0.25 - 0.29	125	0.5	1.01.5	1.01.5	1.0 1.5	1.5	1.5	
	105 - 140	0.22-0.28 
0.24 - 0.28	100	0.5	0.51.0	0.51.0	1.0	1.0 1.5	1.0 1.5	
Domestic and Service Hot Water Systems 3	
	>105 and greater	0.22-0.28 
0.24 - 0.28	100	0.5	0.51.0	0.51.0	1.0 1.5	1.0 1.5	1.0 1.5	
Cooling Systems (Chilled Water, Brine, and Refrigerant) 4	
	40 - 60 55	0.22-0.28
 0.23 - 0.27	100 75	0.5	0.5	1.00.75	1.0	1.0	1.0	
	Below <40	0.22-0.28 
0.23 - 0.27	100 75	1.0	0.51.0	1.5	1.5	1.0 1.5	1.5	

1For insulation outside the stated conductivity range, the minimum thickness (T) shall be determined as follows: in accordance with Equation 4-2 in section 411.1.ABCD.2.1.
T=r(1+t/r)K/k - 1
Where T= minimum insulation thickness (in.), r=actual outside radius of pipe (in.), t=insulation thickness listed in this table for applicable fluid temperature and pipe size, K=conductivity of alternate material at mean rating temperature indicated for the applicable fluid temperature (Btu.in.[h.ft2.oF]; and k=upper value of the conductivity range listed in this table for applicable fluid temperature.
2These thicknesses are based on energy efficiency considerations only.  Additional insulation is sometimes required relative to safety issues/surface temperatures. Runouts to individual terminal units not exceeding 12' in length.
3Piping insulation is not required between the control valve and coil on run-outs when the control valve is located within 4 ft. of the coil qand the pipe size is in. or less. Applies to circulating sections of service or domestic hot water systems and first 8' from storage tank for non-circulating systems.
4These thicknesses are based on energy efficiency considerations only. Issues such as water vapor permeability or surface condensation sometimes require vapor retarders or additional insulation. The required minimum thickness does not consider water vapor transmission and condensation.  Additional insulation, vapor retarders, or both, may be required to limit water vapor transmission and condensation.

SECTION 412  
WATER HEATING SYSTEMS

412.1 Prescriptive Requirements.  

412.1.ABCD Basic Prescriptive Requirements for Methods A, B, and C, and D

412.1.ABCD.1 Water Heater Sizing and Design. Service water heating system design loads for the purpose of sizing systems and equipment shall be determined in accordance with manufacturers’ published sizing guidelines or generally accepted engineering standards and handbooks acceptable to the adopting authority(e.g., ASHRAE Handbook—HVAC Applications).Service water heating system design loads for the purpose of sizing and selecting systems shall be determined in accordance with the procedures described in Chapter 45 of ASHRAE Handbook, 1995 HVAC Applications, or a similar computation procedure.
 
412.1.ABCD.2 Service Water Heating System Controls.

412.1.ABC.2.1 Temperature Controls. Temperature controls shall be provided that allow for storage temperature adjustment from 120oF or lower to a maximum temperature compatible with the intended use.
Exception: When the manufacturer's installation instructions specify a higher minimum thermostat setting to minimize condensation and resulting corrosion.

412.1.ABC.2.2 Temperature Maintenance Controls. Systems designed to maintain usage temperatures in hot water pipes, such as recirculating hot water systems or heat trace, shall be equipped with automatic time switches or other controls that can be set to switch off the usage temperature maintenance system during extended periods when hot water is not required.

412.1.ABC.2.3 Circulating Pump Controls. When used to maintain storage tank water temperature, recirculating pumps shall be equipped with controls limiting operation to a period from the start of the heating cycle to a maximum of five minutes after the end of the heating cycle.

412.1.ABCD.2.1 Storage Water Heaters
412.1.ABCD.2.1.1 Temperature Controls. Service water heating systems shall be equipped with automatic temperature controls capable of adjusting storage temperatures from at least 90o F to a temperature setting compatible with the intended use.  The temperature setting range shall be in accordance with Table 3 in Chapter 45 of the ASHRAE Handbook, 1995 HVAC Applications.
EXCEPTION:  Service water heating systems serving residential dwelling units may be equipped with controls capable of adjustment down to 110oF only.
Where temperatures higher than 120oF are required at certain outlets for a particular intended use, separate remote heaters or booster heaters shall be installed for those outlets.  
412.1.ABCD.2.1.2 Shut Down Switch/Valve.  A separate switch or a clearly marked circuit breaker shall be provided to permit the power supplied to electric service systems to be turned off.  A separate valve shall be provided to permit the energy supplied to the main burner(s) of combustion types of service water heating systems to be turned off.

412.1.ABCD.2.4.1.3 Heat Traps. Vertical pipe risers serving storage water heaters and storage tanks not having integral heat traps and serving a nonrecirculating system shall have heat traps on both the inlet and outlet piping as close as practical to the storage tank. A heat trap is a means to counteract the natural convection of heated water in a vertical pipe run. The means is either a device specifically designed for the purpose or an arrangement of tubing that forms a loop of 360 degrees or piping that from the point of connection to the water heater (inlet or outlet) includes a length of piping directed downward before connection to the vertical piping of the supply water or hot water distribution system, as applicable.

Storage water heaters not equipped with integral heat traps and having vertical pipe risers shall be installed with insulated heat traps on both the inlet and outlets.  The heat trap shall be installed directly or as close as possible to the outlet fittings. 
EXCEPTION.  Water heaters that are used to supply circulating systems.  These systems shall comply with section 412.1.ABCD.3.2.
412.1.ABCD.2.2 Circulating Hot Water Systems and Heated Pipes. Systems designed to maintain usage temperatures in hot water pipes, such as circulating hot water systems, shall be equipped with automatic time switches or other controls that can be set to turn OFF the system when use of hot water is not required.

412.1.ABCD.2.5.3 Water Flow Rate Controls.

412.1.ABCD.2.5.3.1 Showers. Showers used for other than safety reasons shall be equipped with flow control devices to limit the water discharge to a maximum of 2.5 gpm per shower head at a distribution pressure of 80 psig when tested in accordance with the procedures of ANSI A112.18.1M-1989.  Flow restricting inserts used as a component part of a showerhead shall be mechanically retained at the point of manufacture.

412.1.ABCD.2.5 3.2 Lavatories or Restrooms of Public Facilities. Lavatories or restrooms of public facilities shall:
1. Be equipped with outlet devices which limit the flow of hot water to a maximum of 0.5 gpm or be equipped with self-closing valves that limit delivery to a per cycle maximum of 0.25 gallons of hot water for recirculating systems and to a maximum of 0.50 gallons for non-recirculating systems. 
Exception:  Separate lavatories for physically handicapped persons shall not be equipped with self-closing valves.
2. Be equipped with devices which limit the outlet temperature to a maximum of 110oF.
3. Meet the provisions of 42 CFR 6295 (k), Standards for Water Closets and Urinals. 

412.1.ABCD.2.6 4 Swimming Pool and Spa Temperature Controls

412.1.ABCD.2.6 4.1 On-Off Switch Required Time Switches. Time switches shall be installed on swimming pool heaters and pumps.
Exceptions:
1. Where public health standards require 24-hour pump operation.
2. Where pumps are required to operate solar and waste heat recovery pool heating systems.
All pool and spa heaters shall be equipped with an ON-OFF switch mounted for easy access to allow the heater to be shut off without adjusting the thermostat setting and to allow restarting without relighting the pilot light.

412.1.ABCD.2.6 4.2 Pool Covers. Heated pools shall be equipped with a vapor retardant pool cover on or at the water surface.  Pools heated to more than 90oF shall have a pool cover with a minimum insulation value of R-12.
Exception: Pools deriving over 60% of the energy for heating from site-recovered energy or solar energy source.
Covers Required. Spas and heated swimming pools shall be equipped with a cover designed to minimize heat loss.
EXCEPTION:  Outdoor pools deriving over 70 percent of the energy for heating (computed over an annual operating season) from site-recovered or site-solar energy.

412.1.ABC.2.6 4.3 Pool Heaters. Pool heaters shall be equipped with a readily accessible on-off switch to allow shutting off the heater without adjusting the thermostat setting. Pool heaters fired by natural gas shall not have continuously burning pilot lights.

412.1.ABCD.2.4.3 Time Switches on Private Pools. Time switches shall be installed on all swimming pool pumps and all electric swimming pool heaters.  These switches shall allow for the shutdown of heating devices during hours of peak utility demand and for the minimum peak period operation of pumps necessary to maintain water in a clear and sanitary condition in keeping with applicable public health standards.
EXCEPTIONS: 
1. Where public health standards require 24 hour operation of pumps.
2. Pumps required to operate solar or waste heat recovery pool heating systems.

412.1.ABCD.3 Equipment Performance Standards

412.1.ABC.3.1 Equipment Efficiency. All water heating equipment, hot water supply boilers used solely for heating potable water, pool heaters, and hot water storage tanks shall meet the criteria listed in Table 412.1.ABC.3. Where multiple criteria are listed, all criteria shall be met. Omission of minimum performance requirements for certain classes of equipment does not preclude use of such equipment where appropriate. Equipment not listed in Table 412.1.ABC.3 has no minimum performance requirements.
Exception: All water heaters and hot water supply boilers having more than 140 gal of storage capacity are not required to meet the standby loss (SL) requirements of Table 412.1.ABC.3 when:
1. the tank surface is thermally insulated to R-12.5, and 
2. a standing pilot light is not installed, and 
3. gas- or oil-fired storage water heaters have a flue damper or fan-assisted combustion.

412.1.ABCD.3.1 Electric Water Heater Efficiencies.
412.1.ABCD.3.1.1 Storage Capacities Of 120 Gallons Or Less. All automatic electric storage water heaters having a storage capacity of 120 gallons or less and an input rating of 12 kw or less shall, when tested in accordance with the DOE Uniform Test Method for Measuring the Energy Consumption of Water Heaters, Appendix E to Subpart B, 10 CFR Part 430, meet the performance minimums listed in Table 4-12.
412.1.ABCD.3.1.2 Storage Capacities Greater Than 120 Gallons. Performance minimums for electric storage water heaters with capacities greater than 120 gallons or an input rate greater than 12 KW shall have a standby loss of .30+27/VT percent/hour or less, where VT is the tested storage volume in gallons.
412.1.ABCD.3.2 Gas- and Oil-fired Water Heater Efficiencies.
412.1.ABCD.3.2.1 Tanks With Input Ratings Of 75,000 Btu/h or Less (Gas) or 105,000 Btu/h or Less (Oil). All gas- and oil-fired automatic storage water heaters with capacities of 100 gallons or less and an input rating of 75,000 Btu/h or less (gas) or 105,000 Btu/h or less (oil) shall, when tested in accordance with the DOE Uniform Test Method for Measuring the Energy Consumption of Water Heaters, Appendix E to Subpart B, 10 CFR Part 430, meet the performance minimums listed in Table 4-12.
412.1.ABCD.3.2.2 Tanks With Input Ratings Greater Than 75,000 Btu/h (Gas) or Greater Than 105,000 Btu/h (Oil). All gas-fired storage water heaters with input ratings greater than 75,000 Btu/h but less than or equal to 155,000 Btu/h, and all oil-fired storage water heaters with input ratings greater than 105,000 Btu/h but less than or equal to 155,000 Btu/h shall have a steady state combustion efficiency Et of .78 or more and a standby loss of 1.30+114/VT (in percent/hour) or less, where VT is the tested storage volume in gallons.  
All gas- and oil-fired storage water heaters with input ratings greater than 155,000 Btu/h shall have a steady-state combustion efficiency, Et, of .78 or more and a standby loss of no more than 1.30+95/VT, where VT is the tested storage volume in gallons.
412.1.ABCD.3.3 Unfired Storage Tanks. All unfired storage tanks shall have a standby loss of 6.5 Btu/h/ft2 or less, based on an 80o water-air temperature difference.
TABLE 4-12
MINIMUM PERFORMANCE STANDARDS, WATER HEATING EQUIPMENT:
FIRED STORAGE WATER HEATER MINIMUM ENERGY FACTORS (EF)
TYPE / VOLUME	TANK VOLUME (GALLONS)
 20       30      40       50       65       75      80     100   120	
ELECTRIC:  Up to 120 gal. or 12kW input	.90	.89	.88	.86	.84	----	.82	.80	.77	
GAS: Up to 100 gal. or 75,000 Btu/h input	.58	.56	.54	.52	.50	.48	----	.43	----	
OIL: Up to 50 gal. or 75,000 Btu/h input	----	.53	.51	.50	----	----	----	----	----	

TABLE 412.1.ABC.3
Performance Requirements for Water Heating Equipment
Equipment Type	Size Category (input)	Subcategory or Rating Condition	Performance Required1	Test Procedure2	
Electric Water Heaters	< 12kW	Resistance >20 gal	0.93-0.00132V EF	DOE 10 CRF Part 4303	
	>12 kW	Resistance >20 gal	20+35 V SL, Btu/h	ANSI Z21.10.3	
	<24 Amps & <250Volts	Heat Pump	0.93-0.00132V EF	DOE 10 CFR Part 4303	
Gas Storage Water Heaters	<75,000 Btu/h	> 20 gal	0.62-0.0019V EF	DOE 10 CFR Part 4303	
	>75,000 Btu/h and	<4,000 (Btu/h)/gal	80% Et (Q/800+110V) 
SL, Btu/h 	ANSI Z21.10.3	
Gas Instantaneous Water Heaters	>50,000 Btu/h and <200,000 Btu/h4	>4,000 (Btu/h)/gal and < 2 gal	0.62-0.0019V EF	DOE 10 CFR Part 430	
	>200,000 Btu/h	>4,000 (Btu/h)/gal and <10 gal	80% Et	ANSI Z21.10.3	
	>200,000 Btu/h	>4,000 (Btu/h)/gal and >10 gal	80% Et (Q/800+110V) 
SL, Btu/h		
Oil Storage Water Heaters	<105,000 Btu/h	>20 gal	0.59-0.0019V EF	DOE 10 CFR Part 4303	
	>105,000 Btu/h	<4,000 (Btu/h)/gal	78% Et
(Q/800+100V)
SL, Btu/h 	ANSI Z21.10.3	
Oil Instantaneous Water Heaters	<210,000 Btu/h	>4,000 (Btu/h)/gal and <2 gal	0.59-0.0019V EF	DOE 10 CFR Part 430	
	>210,000 Btu/h	>4,000 (Btu/h)/gal and <10 gal	80% Et	ANSI Z21.10.3	
	>210,000 Btu/h	>4,000 (Btu/h)/gal and >10 gal	78% Et (Q/800+110V) 
SL, Btu/h		
Hot Water Supply Boilers, Gas and Oil	>300,000 Btu/h and <12,500,000 Btu/h	>4,000 (Btu/h)/gal and <10 gal	80% Et	ANSI Z21.10.3	
Hot Water Supply Boilers, Gas		>4000 (Btu/h)/gal and >10 Gal	80% Et (Q/800+110V) 
SL, Btu/h		
Hot Water Supply Boilers, Oil		>4000 (Btu/h)/gal and >10 Gal	78% Et (Q/800+110V) 
SL, Btu/h		
Pool Heaters, Oil and Gas	All		78% Et	ASHRAE 146	
Unfired Storage Tanks	All		R-12.5	(none)	
1 Energy factor (ER) and thermal efficiency (Et) are minimum requirements, while standby loss (SL) is maximum Btu/h based on a 70oF temperature difference between stored water and ambient requirements. In the EF equation, V is the rated volume in gallons. In the SL equation, V is the rated volume in gallons and Q is the nameplate input rate in Btu/h.
2 Sub-chapter 3 contains a complete specification, including year version, of the referenced test procedure.
3 Electric, gas and oil water heaters’ EF ratings in the residential size range are the same as those found in Table 6-12 of this code.
4 Instantaneous water heaters with input rates below 200,000 Btu/h must comply with these requirements if the water heater is designed to heat water to temperatures 180oF or higher.

412.1.ABCD.3.4 Combination Service Water Heating and Space Heating Equipment. 

412.1.ABC.3.4.1 Space Heating and Water Heating. The use of a gas-fired or oil-fired space heating boiler system otherwise complying with Section 408.1.ABC.3 to provide the total space heating and water heating for a building is allowed when one of the following conditions is met.
1. The single space heating boiler, or the component of a modular or multiple boiler system that is heating the service water, has a standby loss in Btu/h not exceeding (13.3 x pmd + 400) / n where pmd is the probable maximum demand in gal/h, determined in accordance with the procedures described in generally accepted engineering standards and handbooks, and n is the fraction of the year when the outdoor daily mean temperature is greater than 64.9°F. The standby loss is to be determined for a test period of 24 hours duration while maintaining a boiler water temperature of at least 90°F above ambient, with an ambient temperature between 60°F and 90°F. For a boiler with a modulating burner, this test shall be conducted at the lowest input.
2. It is demonstrated to the satisfaction of the Building Official that the use of a single heat source will consume less energy than separate units.
3. The energy input of the combined boiler and water heater system is less than 150,000 Btu/h.

Combination space and service water heating equipment may only be used when at least one of the following conditions is met:
    1. The annual space heating energy is less than 50% of the annual service water heating energy.
    2. The energy input or storage volume of the combined boiler or water heater is less than twice the energy input or storage volume of the smaller of the separate boilers or water heaters otherwise required. 
    3. Where the input to the combined boiler is less than 150,000 Btu/h.

412.1.ABCD.3.4.21 Service Water Heating Equipment. Service water heating equipment used to provide the additional functions (e.g. of space heating) as part of a combination (integrated) system shall satisfy all stated comply with minimum performance requirements for the service water heating equipment.

412.1.ABCD.3.4.3 2 Combination water and space heating systems. Combination water and space heating systems with input ratings of less than 105,000 Btu/h shall utilize a water heater listed by the Gas Appliance Manufacturer's Association (GAMA).  Changeouts of burners to increase capacity shall not be made unless the unit has been listed at that capacity by GAMA.

412.1.ABCD.3.5  Pool and Spa Heaters.  All gas- and oil-fired pool heaters when tested in accordance with ANSI Z21.56-1989 shall have a minimum thermal efficiency of 78 percent.

412.1.ABCD.4 Service Hot Water Piping Insulation.  The following piping shall be insulated to levels shown in Table 411.1.ABC.2:
1. Recirculating system piping, including the supply and return piping of a circulating tank type water heater.
2. The first 8 ft of outlet piping for a constant temperature nonrecirculating storage system.
3. The inlet pipe between the storage tank and a heat trap in a nonrecirculating storage system.
4. Pipes that are externally heated (such as heat trace or impedance heating).

412.1.ABCD.4.1 Circulating Systems. Piping insulation shall conform to the requirements of Table 4-11 in section 411.1.ABCD.2.
412.1.ABCD.4.2 Non-circulating Systems. The first 8 feet of outlet piping from a storage system that is maintained at a constant temperature and the inlet pipe between the storage tank and a heat trap shall be insulated as provided in Table 4-11, section 411.1.ABCD.2.  Systems without a heat trap to prevent circulation due to natural convection shall be considered circulating systems and shall be insulated accordingly.

412.1.A Prescriptive Requirements Specific to Method A.  Water heater efficiencies determined by the FLA/COM Method A performance calculation to demonstrate compliance with this code shall be the minimum performance level installed in buildings.

412.1.BC Prescriptive Requirements Specific to Methods B and C.  Blank for numbering consistency.
412.1.C Prescriptive Requirements Specific to Method C.  Blank for numbering consistency.
412.1.D Prescriptive Requirements Specific to Method D.  Blank for numbering consistency.

412.2 Performance Calculation Procedures

412.2.A Performance Calculation Procedures Specific to Method A. Calculation procedures for determining water heating compliance shall be in accordance with the procedures contained within Method A of the FLA/COM computer program.  

Data shall be input into FLA/COM by zone by water heater type, volume and efficiency.

SECTION 413 
ELECTRIC POWER DISTRIBUTION

413.0 Applicability.  This section applies to all building power distribution electrical systems except required emergency systems.  The provisions for electrical distribution for all sections of this Code are subject to the applicable Florida Public Service Commission rules regarding electric utilities set forth in Chapter 25‑6, Florida Administrative Code, and the design conditions in ASHRAE Standard 90.1‑1989.

413.1 Prescriptive Requirements

413.1.ABCD Basic Prescriptive Requirements for Methods A, B , and C and D.  

413.1ABC.1 Voltage Drop

413.1.ABC.1.1 Feeders. Feeder conductors shall be sized for a maximum voltage drop of 2% at design load.

413.1.ABC.1.2 Branch Circuits. Branch circuit conductors shall be sized for a maximum voltage drop of 3% at design load.

413.1.ABC.2 Completion Requirements

413.1.ABC.2.1 Drawings. Construction documents shall require that within 30 days after the date of system acceptance, record drawings of the actual installation shall be provided to the building owner, including:
1. a single-line diagram of the building electrical distribution system and
2. floor plans indicating location and area served for all distribution.

413.1.ABC.2.2 Manuals. Construction documents shall require that an operating manual and maintenance manual be provided to the building owner. The manuals shall include, at a minimum, the following:
1. Submittal data stating equipment rating and selected options for each piece of equipment requiring maintenance.
2. Operation manuals and maintenance manuals for each piece of equipment requiring maintenance. Required routine maintenance actions shall be clearly identified.
3. Names and addresses of at least one qualified service agency.
Note:  Enforcement agencies should only check to be sure that the construction documents require this information to be transmitted to the owner and should not expect copies of any of the materials.

413.1.ABCD.1 Metering.  Single-tenant buildings with a service over 250 kva and tenant spaces with a connected load over 100 kva in multiple tenant buildings shall have provisions for check metering of electrical consumption.
 413.1.ABCD.1.1 The electrical power feeders for which provision for check-metering is required shall be divided as follows:
1. Lighting and receptacle outlets;
2. HVAC systems and equipment;
3. Service water heating, elevators, and special-occupant equipment or systems of more than 20 KW.
EXCEPTION: 10% or less of the loads on a feeder may be from another usage category.
413.1.ABCD.1.2 Tenant-shared HVAC and service hot water systems in multiple tenant buildings shall have provision to be separately check metered.
413.1.ABCD.1.3 Subdivided feeders shall contain provisions for portable or permanent check metering.
413.1.ABCD.1.4 The minimum acceptable arrangement for compliance with section 413.1.ABCD.1 shall provide a safe method for access by qualified persons to the enclosures through which feeder conductors pass and provide sufficient space to attach clamp-on or split-core current transformers.  These enclosures may be separate compartments or combined spaces with electrical cabinets serving another function.  Dedicated enclosures so furnished shall be identified as to measuring function available.  
NOTE:  A preferred arrangement would include kWh meters and demand registers or a means to transmit such information to a building energy management control system.

413.2  Performance Calculation Procedures.  Blank for numbering consistency.

SECTION 414 
MOTORS

414.0 Applicability.  All permanently wired electric motors shall meet the requirements of Section 414.1.ABC.1. All permanently wired polyphase motors of 1 hp or more serving the building shall meet the requirements of this section.

414.1 Prescriptive Requirements

414.1.ABCD Basic Prescriptive Requirements for Methods A, B, and C, and D.

414.1.ABC.1 Electric Motors. Electric motors shall comply with the requirements of the Energy Policy Act of 1992 where applicable, as shown in Table 414.1.ABC.1. Motors that are not included in the scope of the Energy Policy Act have no performance requirements in this section.

414.1.ABCD.1 Motor Sizing.  Motor horsepower rating shall not exceed 125% of the calculated maximum load being served.  If a standard rated motor is not available within the range, the next larger standard motor size may be used.
414.1.ABCD.2 Motor Nameplates.  Motor nameplates shall list the minimum nominal full-load motor efficiency.  Full-load power factor for three-phase motors can be approximated from nameplate data by the equation:
EQUATION 4-3
              %PF = (hp x 746 x 104)/(nominal efficiency x Amps x Voltage x 30.5)
Where:
	PF  = power factor (whole number)     Amps    = full load amps
	hp  = horse power (whole number)      Voltage = rated voltage
414.1.ABCD.3 Full Load Motor Efficiencies.  Design A and B squirrel-cage, foot mounted, T-frame induction motors having synchronous speeds of 3600, 1800, 1200 and 900 rpm that are expected to operate more than 1000 hours per year shall have a nominal full-load motor efficiency no less than that shown in Table 4-13 or shall be classified under the National Electric Manufacturers Association's Standard as "energy efficient".
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Motors used in systems designed to use more than one speed of a multi-speed motor.
2. Motors used as a component of the equipment meeting the minimum equipment efficiency requirements of sections 407 and 408 provided that the motor input is included when determining the equipment efficiency.
414.1.ABCD.4 Electrical Schematic.  The person responsible for installing the electrical distribution system shall provide the building owner a single-line diagram of the record drawing for the electrical distribution system, which includes the location of check-metering access, schematic diagrams of non-HVAC electrical control systems, and electrical equipment manufacturers' operating and maintenance literature as part of the operating and maintenance manual required by section 102.1.

414.2 Performance Calculation Procedures.  Blank for numbering consistency.

TABLE 414.1.ABC.1 4-13a
MINIMUM ACCEPTABLE NOMINAL FULL-LOAD MOTOR EFFICIENCY FOR
GENERAL PURPOSE Design A and Design B SINGLE-SPEED POLYPHASE SQUIRREL-CAGE INDUCTION MOTORS HAVING SYNCHRONOUS SPEEDS OF 3600, 1800, 1200 AND 900 rpm
OPEN MOTORS
[half of Table 10.2]
	Minimal Nominal Full-Load Efficiency (%)	
	Open Motors	
Number of Poles	2 Pole   	4 Pole   	6 Pole   	8 Pole   	
HP	Nom. Eff.    	Min. Eff.    	Nom. Eff.    	Min. Eff.   	Nom. Eff.    	Min. Eff.   	Nom. Eff.       	Min. Eff.   	
Synchronous speed (RPM)	3600	1800	1200		
Motor Horsepower	
1.0
1.5
2.0
3.0
5.0
7.5
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
75.0
100.0
125.0
150.0
200.0	 ---- 
82.5
84.0
84.0
85.5
87.5
88.5
89.5
90.2
91.0
91.0
91.7
92.4
93.0
93.0
93.0
93.6
93.6
94.5	  ----   
81.5
82.5
82.5
84.0
86.5
87.5
88.5
89.5
90.2
90.2
91.0
91.7
92.4
92.4
92.4
93.0
93.0
94.1	82.5
84.0
84.0
86.5
87.5
88.5
89.5
91.0
91.0
91.7
92.4
93.0
93.0
93.6
94.1
94.1
94.5
95.0
95.0	81.5
82.5
82.5
85.5
86.5
87.5
88.5
90.2
90.2
91.0
91.7
92.4
92.4
93.0
93.6
93.6
94.1
94.5
94.5	80.0
84.0
85.5
86.5
87.5
88.5
90.2
90.2
91.0
91.7
92.4
93.0
93.0
93.6
93.6
94.1
94.1
94.5
94.5	78.5
82.5
84.0
85.5
86.5
87.5
89.5
89.5
90.2
91.0
91.7
92.4
92.4
93.0
93.0
93.6
93.6
94.1
94.1	74.0
75.5
85.5
86.5
87.5
88.5
89.5
89.5
90.2
90.2
91.0
91.0
91.7
92.4
93.6
93.6
93.6
93.6
93.6	72.0
74.0
84.0
85.5
86.0
87.5
88.5
88.5
89.5
89.5
90.2
90.2
91.0
91.7
93.0
93.0
93.0
93.0
93.0	

TABLE 4-13b

MINIMUM ACCEPTABLE NOMINAL FULL-LOAD MOTOR EFFICIENCY FOR
SINGLE-SPEED POLYPHASE SQUIRREL-CAGE INDUCTION MOTORS
HAVING SYNCHRONOUS SPEEDS OF 3600, 1800, 1200 AND 900 rpm
ENCLOSED MOTORS
[2nd half of Table 10.2]
	Minimum Nominal Full-Load Efficiency (%)		
HP	Enclosed Motors		
Number of Poles	2 Pole   
 Nom. Eff.    Min. Eff.    	4 Pole   
 Nom. Eff.    Min. Eff.   	6 Pole   
 Nom. Eff.    Min. Eff.    	8 Pole   
 Nom. Eff.    Min. Eff.    	
Synchronous speed (RPM)	3600	1800	1200		
Motor Horsepower	
    1.0
    1.5
    2.0
    3.0
    5.0
    7.5
  10.0
  15.0
  20.0
  25.0
  30.0
  40.0
  50.0
  60.0
  75.0
100.0
125.0
150.0
200.0	75.5 
82.5
84.0
85.5
87.5
88.5
89.5
90.2
90.2
91.0
91.0
91.7
92.4
93.0
93.0
93.6
94.5
94.5
95.0	74.0
81.5
82.5
84.0
86.5
87.5
88.5
89.5
89.5
90.2
90.2
91.0
91.7
92.4
92.4
93.0
94.1
94.1
94.5	82.5
84.0
84.0
87.5
87.5
89.5
89.5
91.0
91.0
92.4
92.4
93.0
93.0
93.6
94.1
94.5
94.5
95.0
95.0	81.5
82.5
82.5
86.5
86.5
88.5
88.5
90.2
90.2
91.7
91.7
92.4
92.4
93.0
93.6
94.1
94.1
94.5
95.5	80.0
85.5
86.5
87.5
87.5
89.5
89.5
90.2
90.2
91.7
91.7
93.0
93.0
93.6
93.6
94.1
94.1
95.0
95.0	78.5
84.0
85.5
86.5
86.5
88.5
88.5
89.5
89.5
91.0
91.0
92.4
92.4
93.0
93.0
93.6
93.6
94.5
94.5	74.0
77.0
82.5
84.0
85.5
85.5
88.5
88.5
89.5
89.5
91.0
91.0
91.7
91.7
93.0
93.0
93.6
93.6
94.1	72.0
75.5
81.5
82.5
84.0
84.0
87.5
87.5
88.5
88.5
90.2
90.2
91.0
91.0
92.4
92.4
93.0
93.0
93.60	

SECTION 415
LIGHTING

415.0  Applicability. Lighting systems and equipment shall comply with the requirements of 415.1.ABC and applicable requirements of Section 415.2. This section shall apply to 
the following:
1. interior spaces of buildings;
2. exterior building features, including facades, illuminated roofs, architectural features, entrances, exits, loading docks, and illuminated canopies; and
3. exterior building grounds lighting provided through the building's electrical service.
Exceptions:
1. Emergency lighting that is automatically off during normal building operation,
2. Lighting within living units,
3. Lighting that is specifically designated as required by a health or life safety statute, ordinance, or regulation,
4. Decorative gas lighting systems.

The rooms, spaces and areas covered by the criteria in this section include 1) interior spaces of buildings, 2) building exteriors and exterior areas such as entrances, exits, loading docks, etc., and 3) roads, grounds, parking, automobile display lots and other exterior areas where lighting is required and is constructed in conjunction with any building which is required to comply with this Code.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Outdoor activities such as manufacturing, commercial greenhouses, and processing facilities.
2. Lighting power for theatrical productions, television broadcasting, audio-visual presentations, and those portions of entertainment facilities such as stage areas in hotel ballrooms, night clubs, discos and casinos where lighting is an essential technical element for the function performed.
3. Specialized luminaires for medical and dental purposes;
4. Outdoor athletic facilities.
5. Display lighting required for art exhibits or displays in galleries, museums and monuments.
6. Exterior lighting for public monuments.
7. Special lighting needs for research.
8. Lighting to be used solely for indoor plant growth during the hours of 10:00 PM to 6:00 AM.
9. Emergency lighting that is automatically OFF during normal building operation.
10. High risk security areas or any area identified by local ordinances or regulations or by security or safety officials as requiring additional lighting.
11. Spaces specifically designed for primary use by the visually impaired or hard-of-hearing (lipreading) and by senior citizens;
12. Lighting for signs.
13. Store-front, exterior-enclosed display windows in retail facilities.
14. Lighting for dwelling units.
Criteria in this section establish a maximum total lighting power allowance.  When over 20% of the building's tasks or interior areas are undefined, the most appropriate value for that building from Table 4-16 shall be used for the undefined spaces.  The performance compliance procedures of the Code shall not constitute an illumination design procedure.

415.1 Prescriptive Requirements

415.1.ABCD Basic Prescriptive Requirements for Methods A, B,and C and D

415.1.ABCD.1 Lighting Controls

415.1.ABC.1.1 Automatic Lighting Shutoff. Interior lighting in buildings larger than 5000 ft2 shall be controlled with an automatic control device to shut off building lighting in all spaces. This automatic control device shall function on either
1.. a scheduled basis using a time-of-day operated control device that turns lighting off at specific programmed times—an independent program schedule shall be provided for areas of no more than 25,000 ft2 but not more than one floor—or
2. an occupant sensor that shall turn lighting off within 30 minutes of an occupant leaving a space—or
3. a signal from another control or alarm system that indicates the area is unoccupied.
Exception: Lighting intended for 24-hour operation shall not require an automatic control device.

415.1.ABC.1.2 Space Control. Each space enclosed by ceiling-height partitions shall have at least one control device to independently control the general lighting within the space. Each control device shall be activated either manually by an occupant or automatically by sensing an occupant. Each control device shall:
1. control a maximum of 2500 ft2 area for a space 10,000 ft2 or less and a maximum of 10,000 ft2 area for a space greater than 10,000 ft2, and
2. be capable of overriding any time-of-day scheduled shutoff control for no more than four hours.
Each manual control device shall be readily accessible and located so the occupant can see the controlled lighting.
Exception: Remote location shall be permitted for reasons of safety or security when the remote control device has an indicator pilot light as part of or next to the control device and it shall be clearly labeled to identify the controlled lighting.

415.1.ABCD.1 Lighting Controls. All covered lighting systems, except those required for emergency or exit lighting, shall be provided with manual, automatic or programmable controls that, together or singly, are capable of turning off all the lights within that space.
415.1.ABCD.1.1 Minimum Number of Lighting Control Points.  Spaces enclosed by walls or ceiling-high partitions shall have a minimum of one control point for the space and in addition one control point for each task location.
The minimum number of control points required shall be determined from FLA/COM based on the type of lighting controls and the number of control points calculated (see Table 4-14).  The number of control points required shall be at least one for every 1500 W of Connected Lighting Power (CLP).
EXCEPTIONS:
1.  Continuous lighting for security purposes.
2.  Spaces with only one lighting fixture or a single ballast.
3.  Spaces which must be used as a whole.
4.  Lighting for dwelling units.
TABLE 4-14. CONTROL TYPES AND EQUIVALENT CONTROL POINTS
Type of Control	Equivalent Number of Control Points	
Manually operated On-Off switch	1	
Occupancy sensor	2	
Timer, Programmable from the space controller 	2	
Three level, including Off, step control, or pre-set dimming	2	
Four level, including off, step control, or pre-set dimming	3	
Automatic or continuous dimming	3	

415.1.ABC.1.3 Additional Controls.  Controls are required in the following cases:
1..Display or Accent Lighting. Display or accent lighting shall have a separate control. 
2. Case Lighting. Lighting in cases used for display purposes shall have a separate control device.
3. Hotel and Motel Guest Room Lighting.  Hotel and motel guest rooms and guest suites shall have a master control device at the main room entry that controls all permanently installed luminaires and switched receptacles.
4. Task Lighting. Supplemental task lighting, including permanently installed undershelf or undercabinet lighting, shall have a control device integral to the luminaires or be controlled by a wall-mounted control device provided the control device is readily accessible and located so that the occupant can see the controlled lighting.
5. Non-visual Lighting. Lighting for nonvisual applications, such as plant growth and food warming, shall have a separate control device.
6. Demonstration Lighting. Lighting equipment that is for sale or for demonstrations in lighting education shall have a separate control device.

415.1.ABCD.1.1.1  Task Areas.  Controls provided for task areas, if readily accessible, may be mounted as part of the task lighting luminaire.
415.1.ABCD.1.1.2  Multiple Controls on the Same Load.  Controls for controlling the same load from more than one location shall not be credited as increasing the number of controls to meet the requirements of section 415.1.ABCD.1.1.
415.1.ABCD.1.1.3  Control Accessibility. All lighting controls shall be located so as to be readily accessible from within the space controlled.
EXCEPTIONS:  The following lighting controls may be centralized in remote locations.
1. Lighting controls for spaces which must be used as a whole.
2. Automatic control.
3. Programmable controls.
4. Controls requiring trained operators.
5. Controls for safety hazards and security.
415.1.ABCD.1.1.4  Hotel and Motel Guest Room Controls.  Hotel and motel guest rooms and suites shall have at least one master switch at the main entry door that controls all permanently wired lighting fixtures and switched receptacles, excluding bathrooms.
EXCEPTION:  When switches are provided at the entry to each room of a multiple-room suite.

415.1.ABC.1.4 Exterior Lighting Control. Lighting for all exterior applications not exempted under 415.0 and 415.2.ABC.1.3 shall be controlled by a photosensor or astronomical time switch that is capable of automatically turning off the exterior lighting when sufficient daylight is available or the lighting is not required.
Exception: Lighting for covered vehicle entrances or exits from buildings or parking structures where required for safety, security, or eye adaptation.

415.1.ABC.2 Exterior Building Grounds Lighting. All exterior building grounds luminaires that operate at greater than 100 watts shall contain lamps having a minimum efficacy of 60 lm/W unless the luminaire is controlled by a motion sensor or qualifies for one of the exceptions under Sections 415.0 and 415.2.ABC.1.3.

415.1.ABCD.1.1.5  Switching of Exterior Lighting.  Exterior lighting not intended for 24 hour use shall be automatically switched by either timer or photocell, or a combination of timer and photocell.  When used, timers shall be capable of 7 day and seasonal daylight adjustment and have power backup for at least four hours.
415.1.ABCD.2 Ballasts
415.1.ABCD.2.1.4  Power Factor.  All ballasts shall have a power factor of at least 90%.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Ballasts for circline and compact fluorescent lamps and low wattage high intensity discharge lamps of not over 100 W.
2. Dimming ballasts.

415.1.ABC.3 Tandem Wiring. Luminaires designed for use with one or three linear fluorescent lamps >30W each shall use two-lamp tandem-wired ballasts in place of single lamp ballasts when two or more luminaires are in the same space and on the same control device.
Exceptions:
1. Recessed luminaires more than 10 ft apart measured center to center.
2. Surface-mounted or pendant luminaires that are not continuous.
3. Luminaires using single-lamp high-frequency electronic ballasts.
4. Luminaires using three-lamp high-frequency electronic or three-lamp electromagnetic ballasts.
5. Luminaires on emergency circuits.
6. Luminaires with no available pair.

415.1.ABCD.2.2  Tandem Wiring. One-lamp or three-lamp fluorescent luminaires that are recess-mounted within 10 ft center-to-center of each other or pendant mounted or surface mounted within 1 ft of each other, and within the same room, shall be tandem wired unless three-lamp ballasts are used.
415.1.ABCD.3 Exterior Lighting Power Allowance (ELPA). The exterior lighting power to be installed with a building shall not exceed the total ELPA for the building as determined by FLA/COM based on budgets provided in Table 4-15.  Tradeoffs of exterior lighting budgets among exterior areas are permitted as long as the total Connected Lighting Power (CLP) of exterior lighting does not exceed the ELPA.  Tradeoffs between interior lighting power allowances and exterior lighting power allowances shall not be made.
EXCEPTION: Lighting for outdoor manufacturing or process facilities, commercial greenhouses, outdoor athletic facilities, public monuments, designated high-risk security areas, signs, retail storefronts, exterior enclosed display windows, and lighting specifically required by local ordinances and regulations.

415.1.ABCD.4 Exit Signs. Exit sign luminaries operating at greater than 20 watts shall have a minimum source efficacy of 35 lm/W. Exit signs shall not use more than 7 watts of total input power per face in normal operation.    

TABLE 4-15
EXTERIOR LIGHTING UNIT POWER ALLOWANCE
Area Description	Allowances	
Exit (with or without canopy)	25 W / lin. ft. door opening	
Entrance (without canopy)	30 W / lin. ft.. door opening	
Entrance (with canopy)
     High traffic (retail, hotel, airport, theater, etc.)
     Light traffic (hospital, office, school, etc.)	
10 W / sq. ft. of canopied area
  4 W / sq. ft. of canopied area	
Loading  area	0.4 W / sq, ft.	
Loading door	20 W / lin. ft. door opening	
Building exterior surfaces / facades	0.25 W / sq. ft. of surface area
to be illuminated	
Storage and non-manufacturing work areas	0.20 W / sq. ft.	
Other activity areas for casual use such as picnic grounds, gardens, parks, and other landscaped areas	0.10 W / sq. ft.	
Private driveways / walkways	0.10 W / sq. ft.	
Public driveways / walkways	0.15 W / sq. ft.	
Private parking lots	0.12 W / sq. ft.	
Public parking lots	0.18 W / sq. ft.	

415.1.AB.1 Calculations. All calculations and determinations of parameters used in the demonstration of compliance with this code by Methods A or B shall be conducted according to Section 415.2.

415.1.A Prescriptive Requirements Specific to Method A.  Lighting levels and types determined by the FLA/COM Method A performance calculation to demonstrate compliance with this code shall be the maximum performance levels installed for lighting.

415.1.B Prescriptive Requirements Specific to Method B.  Lighting levels and types determined by the FLA/COM Method B performance calculation to demonstrate compliance with this code shall be the maximum performance levels installed for lighting. See Section 415.2.B.

415.1.C Prescriptive Requirements Specific to Method C. See Section 415.2.C.

415.1.C.1 Lighting Levels.  Total connected wattage for all lighting, including, but not limited to, general, accent and display lighting, and ballast losses for lighting in conditioned spaces shall be no higher than the following:

Detached commercial buildings less than 200 sq. ft.	2.0 watts / sq. ft.	
Skyboxes or Sports Stadiums	1.8 watts / sq. ft.	
Traffic safety control towers	2.1 watts / sq. ft.	
Convenience stores < 5,000 sq. ft.	Watts / sq. ft. allowed by tradeoff chosen on Table 4C-5	
Restaurants < 5,000 sq. ft.	Watts / sq. ft. allowed by tradeoff chosen on Table 4C-6	
Retail stores < 5,000 sq. ft.	Watts / sq. ft. allowed by tradeoff chosen on Table 4C-7	
Office buildings < 5,000 sq. ft.	Watts / sq. ft. allowed by tradeoff chosen on Table 4C-8	
School buildings < 5,000 sq. ft.	Watts / sq. ft. allowed by tradeoff chosen on Table 4C-9	
Storage buildings < 5,000 sq. ft. 	Watts / sq. ft. allowed by tradeoff chosen on Table 4C-10	
See Form 400C in Appendix D for a complete list of prescriptive requirements for each building type.

415.1.C.2 Lighting Controls.  Lighting controls shall be installed for each space in a building as required by Table 4C-4 on Form 400C and described as follows:
1.  Each space shall have the lights divided into at least two "banks", each one with a manual On/Off switch; or
 	2.  Each space shall have one occupancy sensor (or other automatic control) to turn the lights on and off.
415.1.D Prescriptive Requirements Specific to Method D.  
415.1.D.1 Lighting Levels.  Total connected wattage for all lighting, including, but not limited to, general, accent and display lighting, and ballast losses for lighting in conditioned spaces, shall be no higher than the total wattage for all spaces covered by the scope of this Code as determined from the unit power densities for each space type from Table 4-16.
415.1.D.2 Lighting Controls.  Lighting controls shall be installed for each space in a building covered by the scope of this Code as follows:
1.  Each space shall have the lights divided into at least two “banks”, each one with a manual On/Off switch; or
2.  Each space shall have one occupancy sensor (or other automatic control) to turn the lights on and off.

415.2 Performance Calculation Procedures.

415.2.ABC.1 Performance Calculation Procedures, General for Methods A and B.  Calculation procedures for determining lighting compliance shall be in accordance with the procedures contained within Method A or Method B of the FLA/COM computer program. The interior lighting power allowance for a building or a separately metered or permitted portion of a building shall be determined by either the building area method described in Section 415.2.C.1 or the space-by-space method described in Section 415.2.B.1. Trade-offs of interior lighting power allowance among portions of the building for which a different method of calculation has been used are not permitted. The installed interior lighting power identified in accordance with Section 415.2.ABC.1.1 shall not exceed the interior lighting power allowance developed in accordance with Section 415.2.C.1 or 415.2.B.1
Exceptions: The following lighting equipment and applications shall not be considered when determining the interior lighting power allowance developed in accordance with Sections 415.2.C.1 or 415.2.B.1, nor shall the wattage for such lighting be included in the installed interior lighting power identified in accordance with Section 415.2.ABC.1.1. However, any such lighting shall not be exempt unless it is an addition to general lighting and is controlled by an independent control device.
1. Display or accent lighting that is an essential element for the function performed in galleries, museums, and monuments.
2. Lighting that is integral to equipment or instrumentation and is installed by its manufacturer.
3. Lighting specifically designed for use only during medical or dental procedures and lighting integral to medical equipment.
4. Lighting integral to both open and glass enclosed refrigerator and freezer cases.
5. Lighting integral to food warming and food preparation equipment.
6. Lighting for plant growth or maintenance.
7. Lighting in spaces specifically designed for use by the visually impaired.
8. Lighting in retail display windows, provided the display area is enclosed by ceiling-height partitions.
9. Lighting in interior spaces that have been specifically designated as a registered interior historic landmark.
10. Lighting that is an integral part of advertising or directional signage.
11. Exit signs.
12. Lighting that is for sale or lighting educational demonstration systems.
13. Lighting for theatrical purposes, including performance,stage, and film and video production.
14. Lighting for  television broadcasting in sporting activity areas.
15. Casino gaming areas.

Data shall be input into the internal loads menu of FLA/COM for each zone space type (space width, depth), space height, space area (number of spaces), lighting type (single space wattage), total wattage, and control type.  Equipment wattage is also included on this screen.  Choosing a lighting type from the FLA/COM menu assumes ASHRAE-determined efficiencies.

415.2.ABC.1.1 Installed Interior Lighting Power. The installed interior lighting power shall include all power used by the luminaires, including lamps, ballasts, current regulators, and control devices except as specifically exempted in Section 415.2.ABC.1.
Exception: If two or more independently operating lighting systems in a space are capable of being controlled to prevent simultaneous user operation, the installed interior lighting power shall be based solely on the lighting system with the highest wattage

415.2.ABC.1.2 Luminaire Wattage. Luminaire wattage incorporated into the installed interior lighting power shall be determined in accordance with the following criteria:
1. The wattage of incandescent or tungsten-halogen luminaires with medium screw base sockets and not containing permanently installed ballasts shall be the maximum labeled wattage of the luminaire.
2. The wattage of luminaires with permanently installed or remote ballasts or transformers shall be the operating input wattage of the maximum lamp/auxiliary combination based on values from the auxiliary manufacturer’s literature or recognized testing laboratories.
3. The wattage of line-voltage lighting track and plug-in busway that allow the addition and/or relocation of luminaires without altering the wiring of the system shall be the specified wattage of the luminaries included in the system with a minimum of 30 W/lin ft.
4. The wattage of low-voltage lighting track, cable conductor, rail conductor, and other flexible lighting systems that allow the addition and/or relocation of luminaires without altering the wiring of the system shall be the specified wattage of the transformer supplying the system.
5. The wattage of all other miscellaneous lighting equipment shall be the specified wattage of the lighting equipment.

415.2.ABC.1.3 Exterior Building Lighting Power. The exterior building facade lighting power shall not exceed 0.25 W/ft2 of the illuminated area. The exterior lighting power allowance for all other exterior building applications is the sum of the lighting power limits permitted and specified in Table 415.2.ABC.1.3 for these applications. Exterior lighting for all applications (except those included in the exceptions to Sections 415.0 and 415.2.ABC.1.3) shall comply with the requirements of Section 415.1.ABC.2.
Exceptions: Lighting used for the following exterior applications is exempt when equipped with an independent control device:
(a) specialized signal, directional, and marker lighting associated with transportation;
(b) lighting used to highlight features of public monuments and registered historic landmark structures or buildings; and
(c) lighting that is integral to advertising signage.

Table 415.2.ABC.1.3
Lighting Power Limits for Building Exteriors
Applications	Power Limits	
Building entrance with canopy or free standing canopy	3 W/ft2 of canopied area	
Building entrance without canopy	33 W/lin.ft. of door width	
Building exit	20 W/lin.ft of door width	

415.2.A Performance Calculation Procedures Specific to Method A.  Calculation procedures for Method A shall be those incorporated in the FLA/COM program for Method A compliance.

415.2.B Performance Calculation Procedures Specific to Method B.   Calculation procedures for Method B shall be those incorporated in the FLA/COM program for Method B compliance. 

415.2.B.1 Space-by-Space Method of Calculating Interior Lighting Power Allowance. FLA/COM uses the following steps to determine the interior lighting power allowance by the space-by-space method.  
1. Determine the appropriate building type from Table 415.2.B. For building types not listed, selection of a reasonably equivalent type shall be permitted.
2. For each space enclosed by partitions 80% or greater than ceiling height, determine the gross interior floor area by measuring to the center of the partition wall. Include the floor area of balconies or other projections. Retail spaces do not have to comply with the 80% partition height requirements.
3. Determine the interior lighting power allowance by using the columns designated space-by-space method in Table 415.2.B. Multiply the floor area(s) of the space(s) times the allowed lighting power density for the space type that most closely represents the proposed use of the space(s). The product is the lighting power allowance for the space(s). For space types not listed, selection of a reasonable equivalent category shall be permitted.
4. The interior lighting power allowance is the sum of lighting power allowances of all spaces. Trade-offs among spaces are permitted provided that the total installed interior lighting power does not exceed the interior lighting power allowance

415.2.B.2 Additional Interior Lighting Power. When using the space-by-space method, an increase in the interior lighting power allowance is allowed for specific lighting functions. Additional power shall be allowed only if the specified lighting is installed, shall be used only for the specified luminaires, and shall not be used for any other purpose or in any other space. An increase in the interior lighting power allowance is permitted in the following cases:
1. For spaces in which lighting is specified to be installed in addition to the general lighting for the purpose of decorative appearance, such as chandelier-type luminaries or sconces or for highlighting art or exhibits, provided that the additional lighting power shall not exceed 1.0 W/ft2 of such spaces.
2. For spaces in which lighting is specified to be installed to meet the requirements of visual display terminals as the primary viewing task, provided that the additional lighting power shall not exceed 0.35 W/ft2 of such spaces and that the specified luminaire meets requirements for use in such spaces. Maximum average luminance measured from the vertical in candelas per square foot of not more than 80 cd/ft2 at 65 degrees, 33 cd/ft2 at 75 degrees, and 17 cd/ft2 at 85 to 90 degrees.
3. For lighting equipment installed in retail spaces that is specifically designed and directed to highlight merchandise, provided that the additional lighting power shall not exceed
(1)	1.6 W/ft2 times the area of specific display or 
(2)	 3.9 W/ft2 times the area of specific display for valuable merchandise, such as jewelry, fine apparel and accessories, china and silver, art, and similar items, where detailed display and examination of merchandise are important.

415.2.C  Performance Calculation Procedures Specific to Method C

415.2.C.1 Building Area Method of Calculating Interior Lighting Power Allowance. Use the following steps to determine the interior lighting power allowance by the building area method:
1. Determine the appropriate building area type from Table 415.2.C.1 and the allowed lighting power density (watts per unit area) from the building area method column. For building area types not listed, selection of a reasonably equivalent type shall be permitted.
2. Determine the gross lighted floor area (square feet) of the building area type.
3. Multiply the gross lighted floor areas of the building area type(s) times the lighting power density.
4. The interior lighting power allowance for the building is the sum of the lighting power allowances of all building area types. Trade-offs among building area types are permitted provided that the total installed interior lighting power does not exceed the interior lighting power allowance.

TABLE 415.2.C.1
Lighting Power Densities Using
The Building Area Method
Building Area Typea	Lighting Power Density (W/ft2)	
Automotive Facility	0.9	
Convention Center	1.2	
Court House	1.2	
Dining: Bar Lounge/Leisure	1.3	
Dining: Cafeteria/Fast Food	1.4	
Dining: Family	1.6	
Dormitory	1.0	
Exercise Center	1.0	
Gymnasium	1.1	
Health Care-Clinic 	1.0	
Hospital	1.2	
Hotel	1.0	
Library	1.3	
Manufacturing Facility	1.3	
Motel	1.0	
Motion Picture Theater	1.2	
Multi-Family	0.7	
Museum	1.1	
Office	1.0	
Parking Garage	0.3	
Penitentiary	1.0	
Performing Arts Theater	1.6	
Police/Fire Station	1.0	
Post Office	1.1	
Religious Building	1.3	
Retail	1.5	
School/University	1.2	
Sports Arena	1.1	
Town Hall	1.1	
Transportation	1.0	
Warehouse	0.8	
Workshop	1.4	
aIn cases where both general building area type and a specific building 
area type are listed, the specific building area type shall apply.

TABLE 415.2.B:  Lighting Power Densities Using the Space-By-Space Method
Space-by-Space Method Lighting Power Density (LPD)	
Common Space Typesa	LPD (W/ft2)	Building Specific Space Types (Continued)	LPD (W/ft2)	
Office--enclosed	1.1	Fire stations		
Office--open plan	1.1	     Fire station engine room	0.8	
Conference/Meeting/Multipurpose	1.3	    Sleeping quarters	0.3	
Classroom/Lecture/Training	1.4	Post Office—sorting area	1.2	
     for Penitentiary	1.3	Convention center—exhibit space	1.3	
Lobby	1.3	Library		
     for Hotel	1.1	     Card file & cataloguing	1.1	
     for Performing arts theater	3.3	     Stacks	1.7	
     for motion picture theatre	1.1	     Reading area	1.2	
Audience/seating area	0.9	Hospital		
     for Gymnasium	0.4	     Emergency	2.7	
     for Exercise center	0.3	     Recovery	0.8	
     for Convention center	0.7	     Nurse station	1.0	
     for Penitentiary	0.7	Exam/Treatment	1.5	
     for Religious buildings	1.7	     Pharmacy	1.2	
     for Sports arena	0.4	     Patient room	0.7	
     for Performing arts theatre	2.6	     Operating room	2.2	
     for Motion picture theatre	1.2	     Nursery	0.6	
     for Transportation 	0.5	     Medical supply	1.4	
Atrium—first three floors	0.6	     Physical therapy	0.9	
Atrium—each additional floor	0.2	     Radiology	0.4	
Lounge/Recreation	1.2	     Laundry/Washing	0.6	
     for Hospital	0.8	Automotive—Service/Repair	0.7	
Dining area	0.9	Manufacturing		
     for Penitentiary	1.3	     Low bay (<25 ft floor to ceiling height)	1.2	
     for Hotel	1.3	     High bay (>25 ft floor to ceiling height)	1.7	
     for Motel	1.2	     Detailed manufacturing	2.1	
     for Bar lounge/Leisure dining	1.4	     Equipment room	1.2	
     for Family dining	2.1	Control room	0.5	
Food preparation	1.2	Hotel/Motel guest rooms	1.1	
Laboratory	1.4	Dormitory—Living quarters	1.1	
Restrooms	0.9	Museum		
Dressing/Locker/Fitting room		     General exhibition	1.0	
Corridor/Transition	0.5	     Restoration	1.7	
     for Hospital	1.0	Bank/Office—banking activity area	1.5	
     For Manufacturing facility	0.5	Religious buildings		
Stairs—active	0.6	     Worship—pulpit, choir	2.4	
Active storage	0.8	     Fellowship hall	0.9	
     for Hospital	0.9	Retail (for accent lighting see Sec. 415.2.B.2)		
Inactive storage	0.3	     Sales area	2.1	
     for Museum	0.8	     Mall concourse	1.7	
Electrical/mechanical	1.5	Sports arena		
Workshop	1.9	     Ring sports area	2.7	
		     Court sports area	2.3	
Building Specific Space types		     Indoor playing field area	1.4	
Gymnasium/Exercise center		Warehouse		
     Playing area	1.4	     Fine material storage	1.4	
     Exercise area	0.9	     Medium/bulky material storage	0.9	
Courthouse/Police station/Penitentiary		Parking garage—garage area	0.2	
     Courtroom	1.9	Transportation		
     Confinement cells	0.9	     Airport—concourse	0.6	
     Judges chambers	1.3	     Air/Train/Bus—Baggage area	1.0	
		     Terminal—Ticket counter	1.5	
a In cases where both a common space type and a building specific space type are listed, the building specific space type shall apply.

415.2.B.1 Interior Lighting Power Allowance (ILPA). The total Connected Lighting Power (CLP) to be installed in a building shall not exceed the Interior Lighting Power Allowance (ILPA) for the building.  The equation for determining ILPA, Equation 4-9 is provided in section 6.1 of Appendix B.
The Connected Lighting Power (CLP) shall include all permanently installed lighting plus supplemental or task-related lighting provided by movable or plug-in luminaires.
Tradeoffs of the interior Lighting Power Budgets (LPB) among interior spaces are allowed but the total Connected Lighting Power (CLP) within the building shall not exceed the ILPA.  Tradeoffs between the ILPA and the Exterior Lighting Power Allowance (ELPA) are not allowed.
415.2.B.1.1 Lighting Power Budget (LPB).  A lighting Power Budget (LPB) shall be determined for each space in a building by use of FLA/COM.  The equation for determining the lighting power budget, Equation 4-10, can be found in section 6.1 of Appendix B.
415.2.B.1.1.1 Lighted Area.  For lighting power determination purposes, the area of a room or space (Ar) used in FLA/COM shall be determined from the inside face of the walls or partitions measured at work plane height.
415.2.B.1.1.2 Unit Power Density.  The Unit Power Density (UPD) shall be selected from the lighting power allowance menu provided in FLA/COM and shown in Table 4-16 for the type of activity area.  For areas or activities other than those given, select values for similar areas or activities.  See section 6.1 of Appendix B for descriptions of lighting activity areas for retail occupancies.
415.2.B.1.1.3 Area Factor.  The Area Factor (AF) is determined by FLA/COM based on the room area and ceiling height.  The equation for determining AF, Equation 4-11, can be found in section 6.1 of Appendix B.
415.2.B.1.1.4 Special Spaces and Activities. 
415.2.B.1.1.4.1 Multi-Function Rooms. For hotel banquet or meeting rooms and other conference or presentation rooms serving multiple functions, the alternate Unit Power Density allowances indicated by footnote "c" on Table 4-16 (and the FLA/COM Space Type Description popup screen) may be used when a supplementary system is installed that meets the following conditions:
1. The installed power for the supplementary system shall not be greater than 33% of the adjusted LPB calculated for that space; and
2. Independent controls shall be installed for the supplementary system.
415.2.B.1.1.4.2 Simultaneous Activities. In rooms containing multiple simultaneous activities, such as a large general office having separate accounting and drafting areas within the same room, the space type chosen for the rooms shall be the type with the highest Unit Power Density.
415.2.B.2 Lighting Power Control Credit (LPCC). When determining compliance of the actual design with the Interior Lighting Power Allowance (ILPA), the CLP for lights automatically controlled by occupancy sensing, daylight sensing control, lumen maintenance control, or programmable timing control are reduced in the FLA/COM program by subtracting control credits on a specific area-by-area basis.  This credit is termed the LPCC and is determined in accordance with Equation 4-4.  The adjusted lighting power (ALP) is then equal to CLP - LPCC.
EQUATION 4-4
		LPCC = CLP x PAF
	Where:
		LPCC	= lighting power control credit, W
		CLP	= connected lighting power for the luminaires controlled by the
			   automatic control device, W
		PAF	= Power Adjustment Factor
415.2.B.2.1 Power Adjustment Factor (PAF).  When used, the PAF is applied in FLA/COM as specified in Table 4-17 and shall meet the following criteria:
1. The PAF shall be limited to the specific area controlled by the auotmatic control device.
2. Only one PAF may be used for each building space or luminaire, and 50% or more of the controlled luminaires shall be within the applicable space to qualify for the PAF.
3. Controls shall be installed in series with the lights and in series with all manual switching devices in order to qualify for PAF.
4. When sufficient daylight is available, daylight sensing controls shall be capable of reducing electrical power consumption for lighting (continuously or in steps) to 50% or less of maximum power consumption.
5. Daylight sensing controls shall control all luminaires to which the PAF is applied and that direct a minimum of 50% of their light output into the daylight zone.
6. Occupancy sensors located in daylighted spaces shall be installed in conjunction with a manual ON switch, or photocell override for ON.
7. Programmable timing controls used for credit in conjunction with Table 4-17 shall be capable of:
a. Programming different schedules for occupied and unoccupied days;
b. Ready accessibility for temporary override by occupants of individual zones, spaces, or tasks with automatic return to the original schedules;
c. Keeping time during power outages for a minimum of four hours.
415.2.B.3 Indoor Sports. The activity of indoor sports areas shall be considered as an area 10 ft beyond the playing boundaries of the sport, not to exceed the total floor area of the indoor sports space less the spectator seating area.

TABLE 4-16  INTERIOR LIGHTING UNIT POWER DENSITY
Code #	Space Type 	Unit Power Density (UPD)
(W/sq.ft.	

1

2

3

4
5

6
7
8
9

10

11
12

13

14
15

16

17
18
19
20

21
22

23
24

25

26
27
28

29
30
31

32
33
34	Auditorium
     Auditorium
Corridor
     Corridor
Classroom/Lecture Hall
     Classroom/Lecture Hall
Electrical/Mechanical Equipment Room
     General
     Control Room
Food Service
     Fast Food/Cafeteria
     Leisure Dining a   
     Bar/Lounge a  
     Kitchen
Recreation/Lounge
     Recreation/Lounge
Stair
     Active Traffic
     Emergency Exit
Toilet and Washroom
     Toilet and Washroom
Garage
     Auto and Pedestrian Circulation
     Parking Area
Laboratory
     Laboratory
Library
     Audio Visual
     Stack Area
     Card Filing and Calaloging
     Reading Area
Lobby (General)
     Reception and Waiting
     Elevator Lobbies
Atrium (Multi-Story)
     First three floors
     Each additional floor
Locker Room and Shower
     Locker Room and Shower
Office (Partition > 4.5 ft. below ceiling) Enclosed Offices
     Reading, Typing, Filing
     Drafting
     Accounting
Office (Partition b 3.5 - 4.5 ft. below ceiling) Open
  Plan Offices > 900 sq. ft.
     Reading, Typing, Filing
     Drafting
     Accounting
Office (Partition b < 3.5 ft. below ceiling) Open 
   Plan Offices > 900 sq. ft.
     Reading, Typing, Filing
     Drafting
     Accounting	
1.6

0.8

2.0

0.7
1.5

1.3
2.5
2.5
1.4

0.7

0.6
0.4

0.8

0.3
0.2

2.3

1.1
1.5
1.6
1.9

1.0
0.8

0.7
0.2

0.8

1.8
2.6
2.1

1.9
2.9
2.4

2.2
3.4
2.7	

35
35 Alternate
36
37
38

39
40
41
42
43

44
45
46
47

48

49
50
51
52

53
54

55

56
57

58
59
60

61
62

63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74

75
76
77	Common Activity Areas
     Conference/Meeting Room
     Conference/Meeting c (Multiple Functions)
     Computer/Office Equipment
      Inactive Filing
     Mail Room
Shop (Non-Industrial)
     Machinery
     Electrical/Electronics
     Painting
     Carpentry
     Welding
Storage/Warehouse
     Inactive Storage
     Bulky Active Storage
     Fine Active Storage
     Material Handling
Unlisted Space
     Unlisted Space
Airport, Bus, and Rail Station
     Baggage Area
     Concourse/Main Thruway
     Ticket Counter
     Waiting and Lounge Area
Bank
     Customer Area
     Banking Activity Area
Barber and Beauty Parlor
     Barber and Beauty Parlor
Church, Synagogue, Chapel
     Worship/Congregational
     Preaching and Sermon/Choir
Dormitory
     Bedroom
     Bedroom and Study
     Study Hall
Fire and Police Department
     Fire Engine Room
     Jail Cell
Hospital/Nursing Home
     Corridor
     Dental Suite/Exam/Treatment
     Emergency
     Laboratory
     Lounge/Waiting Room
     Medical Supplies
     Nursery
     Nurse Station
     Occupational/Physical Therapy
     Patient Room
     Pharmacy
     Radiology
Surgery and O.B. Suites
     General Area
     Operating Room
     Recovery	
1.8
2.7
2,1
1.0
1.8

2.5
2.5
1.6
2.3
1.2

0.3
0.3
1.0
1.0

0.2

1.0
0.9
2.5
1.2

1.1
2.8

2.0

2.5
2.7

1.1
1.4
1.8

0.7
0.8

1.3
1.6
2.3
1.9
0.9
2.4
2.0
2.1
1.6
1.4
1.7
2.1

2.1
7.0
2.3	

78
78 Alternate
79
80
81
82
83
83 Alternate
84
85

86
87

88
89
90
91

92
93

94

95
96
97

98
99
100
101
102
103
104

105
106
107

108
109

110
111
112

113
114

115
116

117	  Hotel/Conference Center
     Banquet/Multipurpose Room
     Banquet/Multipurposec (multiple functions) 
     Bathroom/Powder Room
     Guest Room
     Public Area
     Exhibition Hall
     Conference/Meeting
     Conference/Meeting c (multiple functions) 
     Lobby
     Reception Desk
Laundry
     Washing
     Ironing/Sorting
Museum/Gallery
     General Exhibition
     Inspection/Storage
     Inactive Artifacts Storage
     Active Artifacts Storage
Post Office
     Lobby
     Sorting and Mailing
Service Station/Auto Repair
     Service Station
Theater
     Performance Arts
     Motion Picture
     Lobby
Retail Establishments (as per Code, p. B-7)
     Type A (Jewelry Merchandising)
     Type B (Fine Merchandising)
     Type C (Mass Merchandising)
     Type D (General Merchandising)
     Type E (Food and Miscellaneous)
     Type F (Service Establishment)
     Mall Concourse
Retail Support
     Tailoring 
     Dressing/Fitting Rooms
     Seating Area
Badminton
     Club
     Tournament
Basketball/Volleyball
     Intramural
     College
     Professional
Bowling
     Approach Area
     Lanes
Boxing/Wrestling (Platfrom)
     Amateur
     Professional
Gymnasium
     General Exercise and Recreation	
2.4
3.6
1.2
1.4
1.2
2.6
1.8
2.7
1.9
2.4

0.9
1.3

1.9
3.9
0.6
0.7

1.1
2.1

1.0

1.5
1.0
1.5

5.6
3.2
3.3
3.1
2.8
2.7
1.4

2.1
1.4
0.4

0.5
0.8

0.8
1.3
1.9

0.5
1.1

2.4
4.8

1.0	
Code #
	Space Type	Unit Power Density 
(UPD)   (W / sq.ft.) 	

118
119

120
121

122
123

124
125
126

127
128
129

130
131	Handball/Racquetball/Squash
     Club
     Tournament
Ice Hockey
     Amateur
     College/Professional
Skating Park
     Recreational
     Exhibitional/Professional
Swimming
     Recreational
     Exhibition
     Underwater
Tennis
     Recreational (Class III)
     Club/College (Class II)
     Professional (Class I)
Table Tennis
     Club
     Tournament 	
1.3
2.6

1.3
2.6

0.6
2.6

0.9
1.5
1.0

1.3
1.9
2.6

1.0
1.6	
	a   UPD includes lighting power for cleanup purposes.
	b   Not less than 90% of all work stations shall be individually enclosed with partitions of at least the eight described.
	c   Where a conference or meeting room serves multiple functions and a supplementary system compliant with section 415.2.B.1.1.4.1 has been installed, the ALT UPD space type may be used.

TABLE 4-17
POWER ADJUSTMENT FACTOR (PAF)
Automatic Control Device(s)	PAF	
Daylight Sensing Controls (DS), continuous dimming
DS, multiple step dimming
DS, ON/OFF
DS continuous dimming and programmable timing
DS multiple step dimming and programmable timing
DS ON/OFF and programmable timing
DS continuous dimming, programmable timing and lumen       maintenance
DS multiple step dimming, programmable timing and lumen       maintenance
DS ON/OFF, programmable timing and lumen maintenance Lumen maintenance
Lumen maintenance and programmable timing control Programmable timing control
Occupancy sensor
Occupancy sensor and DS, continuous dimming
Occupancy sensor and DS, multiple step dimming
Occupancy sensor and DS, ON/OFF
Occupancy sensor, DS continuous dimming and lumen         maintenance
Occupancy sensor, DS multiple step dimming and lumen
     maintenance
Occupancy sensor, DS ON/OFF and lumen maintenance Occupancy sensor and lumen maintenance
Occupancy sensor and programmable timing control	0.30
0.20
0.10
0.35
0.25
0.15

0.40

0.30
0.20
0.10
0.15
0.15
0.30
0.40
0.35
0.35

0.45

0.40
0.35
0.35
0.35