SUB-CHAPTER 1

ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT

SECTION 100
GENERAL

100.1 Title.  

This chapter shall be known as the Florida Energy Efficiency Code for Building Construction, and may be cited as such.  It will be referred to herein as "the code” or “this code."

100.2 Intent.  

The provisions of this code shall regulate 1) the design of building envelopes for adequate thermal resistance and low air leakage and 2) the design and selection of mechanical, electrical, and illumination systems and equipment which will enable the effective use of energy in new building construction, additions, alterations or any change in building configuration.

It is intended that these provisions provide flexibility to permit the use of innovative approaches and techniques to achieve effective utilization of energy.  These provisions are structured to permit compliance with the intent of this code by the following design paths as applicable for the type of construction and date permitted. 
1. Sub-chapter 4, Commercial Building Compliance Methods.
2. Sub-chapter 6, Residential Building Compliance Methods.

Compliance with these paths meets the intent of this chapter as allowed by Sections 101.1 and 101.2 of this chapter.

This code is not intended to abridge any safety or health requirements mandated under any other applicable codes or ordinances.

SECTION 101 
SCOPE

101.0 General.  

This code is a statewide uniform code and shall not be made more stringent or lenient by local government.  The code provides for a uniform standard of energy efficiency by, at a minimum, setting forth minimum requirements for exterior envelopes, lighting, electrical distribution, and selection of heating, lighting, ventilating, air conditioning and service water heating systems.  It shall apply to all new buildings, to additions to existing buildings and manufactured homes, to renovations to existing buildings, both public and private, with certain exceptions, to changes of occupancy type, to the site-installed components and features of manufactured homes at their first set-up, and to the installation or replacement of building systems and components with new products for which thermal efficiency standards are set by this code.  New buildings, with the exception of those exempted below, and in accordance with the specific exceptions of individual sections shall be designed to comply with Sub-chapter 4 or 6 of this code.

101.1 Commercial Buildings.  
101.1.1 New Construction.  
Sub-chapter 4, Commercial Building Compliance Methods.  Commercial buildings of any size and multifamily residential buildings greater than three stories shall comply with Sub-chapter 4 of the code.  This chapter contains three four compliance methods:  
Method A:  Whole Building Performance Method
Method B:  Building Envelope Tradeoff Component Performance Method
Method C:  Buildings Limited Applications Prescriptive Envelope Method
Method D:  Renovations and Systems Prescriptive Method

101.1.2 Additions.  Additions to existing commercial buildings are considered new building construction and shall comply with Sub-chapter 4 of this code as allowed in Section 101.1.1.  

Additions to existing non-residential buildings that are unable to comply with code requirements for the addition alone may comply with the code by bringing the entire building into compliance with the requirements for new buildings.

101.1.3 Renovations.  Renovated commercial buildings shall, when applicable (see Section 202, Renovations), comply with the prescriptive requirements contained in Form 400CD or with Method B of Sub-chapter 4 for insulation, HVAC systems, lighting, water heating systems and exterior envelope components being retrofitted or replaced. 

101.1.4 Buildings With Multiple Occupancy Types.  When a building contains more than one occupancy type, each portion of the building shall conform to the requirements for the occupancy housed therein.
Exceptions: 
1. Where minor occupancy use does not occupy more than 5 percent of the floor area of the building, the major use shall be considered the building occupancy.  
2. Residential dwelling units such as congregate living facilities that are part of a larger commercial occupancy type and are three stories or less may comply with Sub-chapter 4.

101.1.5 Limited or Special Use Buildings.  Buildings determined by the Florida Building Commission Department of Community Affairs to have a limited energy use potential based on size, configuration or time occupied, or to have a special use requirement shall be considered Limited or Special Use Buildings and shall comply with the Code by Method C of Sub-chapter 4. Code compliance requirements shall be adjusted by the Commission Department to handle such cases when warranted. 

101.1.6 Shell Buildings.  Non-residential buildings that are permitted prior to design completion or which will be finished in sections at a time after construction of the shell shall comply with either Method B or Method C of Sub-chapter 4 of the code prior to granting of a permit to build.  All assumptions made about features not installed until later that are not on the building plans shall be listed and appended to the compliance form Form 400B submitted to the building department. Unless the building is completed as per all assumptions made in the original code compliance submittal, a revised code submittal(s) using Methods A, B or C shall be submitted when completion of the building (or part of the building) is permitted.

101.2 Residential Buildings.
101.2.1 New Construction.  New residential construction shall comply with this code by using the following compliance methods.
Sub-chapter 4, Commercial Buildings Compliance Methods.  Multifamily buildings greater than three stories shall comply with Sub-chapter 4 of the code.

Sub-chapter 6, Residential Buildings Compliance Methods.  Single family residential buildings and multifamily buildings of three stories or less shall comply with this chapter of the code.  This Sub-chapter contains three compliance methods:  
Method A:  Whole Building Performance Method
Method B:  Component Prescriptive Method
Method C:  Limited Applications Prescriptive Method

101.2.2 Additions.  Additions to existing residential buildings shall be considered new building construction and shall comply with the requirements of either Method A, Method B, or Method C of Sub-chapter 6, as applicable.  Additions to residential buildings over three stories shall comply by Sub-Chapter 4.

Additions to existing residential buildings that are unable to comply with code requirements for the addition alone may comply with the code by bringing the entire building into compliance with the requirements for new buildings given in Section 101.4.2.

101.2.3 Renovations.  Renovated buildings shall, when applicable (see section 202, Renovations), meet the prescriptive requirements contained in Method C of Sub-chapter 6 for residential applications of the code for insulation, HVAC systems, lighting, water heating systems and exterior envelope for those components being retrofitted or replaced.

101.2.4 Manufactured Homes.  Site-installed components of manufactured homes and residential manufactured buildings shall meet the prescriptive requirements contained in Method C of Sub-chapter 6 for those components.

101.2.5 Buildings Permitted Together.
101.2.5.1 Residences in which two buildings are permitted together that are not connected by conditioned space shall be considered separate residences for the purposes of compliance with this Code if the following conditions apply:
1. The secondary building has its own bathroom and kitchenette or bar; and
2. The secondary building is heated and/or cooled by a separate heating and/or cooling system.

101.2.5.2  Conditioned workrooms, exercise rooms, play rooms, pool rooms and similar types of rooms that are separated from the main residence and do not meet the conditions in Section 101.2.5.1 shall use Sub-chapter 4 to demonstrate compliance with this code.
Exception:  If a workroom or other room is separated from the main residence only by enclosed unconditioned space and is heated or cooled by the same system(s) as the primary building, it shall comply with this code as part of the primary building.

101.3 Changes of Occupancy Type.
101.3.1 Buildings having a change of occupancy type that were permitted prior to March 15, 1979, shall meet the requirements for renovations in Section 101.1.3 or Section 101.2.3, as appropriate, for those components which are being retrofitted or replaced.

101.3.2 Buildings having a change of occupancy that were permitted after March 15, 1979, shall comply with the requirements of Sub-chapter 4 for commercial applications and multifamily residential buildings greater than three stories or Sub-chapter 6 for residential applications of three stories or less.  Where the efficiency of a building component is unknown, it shall be determined in accordance with the criteria specified in Section 101.4.2.1. 

101.4 Existing Buildings
101.4.1 Existing Buildings Not Previously Conditioned.

101.4.1.1 Previously unconditioned existing buildings which were permitted prior to March 15, 1979 to which heating or cooling systems are added shall meet the prescriptive requirements contained in Methods B or C of Sub-chapter 4 for commercial applications and Method C of Sub-chapter 6 for residential applications of the code for insulation, HVAC system(s), water heating system and/or exterior envelope for those components which are being retrofitted or replaced.

101.4.1.2 Existing buildings which were permitted after March 15, 1979 as unconditioned space to which comfort conditioning is added shall be considered additions and shall be brought into full compliance with this Code.

101.4.2 Non-Exempt Existing Buildings.  Existing buildings not exempt from the provisions of this code (see Section 101.5.1), for either the entire building or an addition to the building, that are unable to meet one or more current prescriptive code minimum requirements may be exempt from those minimum requirements if the entire building is brought into compliance with the following chapters and the assumptions in Section 101.4.2.1 are used:
1. Commercial buildings and residential buildings greater than three stories:  Method A of Sub-chapter 4.
2. Single-family residential buildings and multifamily buildings of three or less stories:  Method A of Sub-chapter 6.

101.4.2.1 Assumptions for Existing Building Efficiencies.  The following restrictions apply if the entire building is used to demonstrate code compliance:
1. The owner shall demonstrate to the building department's satisfaction that all R-values and equipment efficiencies claimed are present.  If the building was built after 1980, the original energy code submittal may be used to demonstrate efficiencies.
2. If it is apparent from inspection that no insulation is present in the existing walls, floors or ceilings, or if inspection is not possible, an R-value of zero (0) shall be used for that component in the calculation.  If as part of the addition and renovation project, insulation or equipment in the existing structure is upgraded, the new values may be used in the calculation. Multipliers for insulation levels not on Form 600A may be found in Section 2.0 of Appendix C to this chapter.
3. If, upon inspection, insulation is found but the R-value is unknown, then an R-value shall be determined by an energy audit utilizing current acceptable practice based on insulation thickness, density and type.
4. Equipment efficiencies shall be demonstrated, either from manufacturer's literature or certified equipment directories, or by the procedure provided in Section 407.1.ABC.3 or Section 607.1.ABC.3 based on system capacity and total on-site energy input.  Equipment to be added shall meet the applicable minimum equipment efficiency from Tables 407.1.ABC.3.2A 4-6 thorugh 407.1.ABC.3.2D and 408.1.ABC.3.2E through 408.1.ABC.3.2G 4-12 for commercial occupancies and from Tables 607.1.ABC.3.2A through 607.1.ABC.3.2D and 608.1.ABC.3.2E through 608.1.ABC.3.2F 6-2 through 6-8 for residential occupancies.  Existing eEquipment efficiencies not meeting the values given in Tables 407.1.ABC.3.2A through 407.1.ABC.3.2D and 408.1.ABC.3.2E through 408.1.ABC.3.2G 4-3 through 4-9 or 6-3 through 6-9, for commercial occupancies shall utilize the cooling or heating system multipliers provided by FLA/COM for commercial occupancies and. Existing residential equipment not meeting the efficiencies in Tables 607.1.ABC.3.2A through 607.1.ABC.3.2D and 608.1.ABC.3.2E through 608.1.ABC.3.2F shall utilize the cooling or heating system multipliers provided in Tables 6-1613 to 6-17 of Appendix C to this chapter for residential occupancies complying by Sub-chapter 6.  Residential ducts with less than R-4.2 insulation shall use the multipliers provided in Tables 6-18 to 6-20 in Appendix C to this chapter.
5. Any non-vertical roof glass shall be calculated as horizontal glazing.

101.5 Exempt Buildings.  Buildings exempt from compliance with this chapter include those described in Sections 101.5.1 through 101.5.8.
101.5.1 Existing buildings except those considered renovated buildings, changes of occupancy type, or previously unconditioned buildings to which comfort conditioning is added.

101.5.2 Any building or portion thereof whose peak design rate of energy usage for all purposes is less than 1 watt (3.4 British thermal units per hour) per square foot of floor area for all purposes.

101.5.3 Any building which is neither heated nor cooled by a mechanical system designed to control or modify the indoor temperature and powered by electricity or fossil fuels. Such buildings shall not contain electrical, plumbing or mechanical systems which have been designed to accommodate the future installation of heating or cooling equipment.  

101.5.4 Any building for which federal mandatory standards preempt state energy codes. 

101.5.5 Any historical building as described in Section 267.021, Florida Statutes.

101.5.6. Any building of less than l,000 square feet whose primary use is not as a principal residence and which is constructed and owned by a natural person for hunting or similar recreational purposes; however, no such person may build more than one exempt building in any 12 month period.

101.5.7 Any building where heating or cooling systems are provided which are designed for purposes other than general space comfort conditioning.  Buildings included in this exemption include:
1. Buildings containing a system(s) designed and sold for dehumidification purposes only and controlled only by a humidistat.  No thermostat shall be installed on systems thus exempted from this code.
2. Commercial service areas where only ceiling radiant heaters or spot coolers are to be installed which will provide heat or cool only to a single work area and do not provide general heating or cooling for the space.
3. Buildings heated with a system designed to provide sufficient heat only to prevent freezing of products or systems.  Such systems shall not provide heating above 50oF.
4. Pre-manufactured freezer or refrigerated storage buildings and areas where the temperature is set below 40oF and in which no operators work on a regular basis. 
5. Electrical equipment switching buildings which provide space conditioning for equipment only and in which no operators work on a regular basis.

101.6 Building Systems. Thermal efficiency standards are set for the following building systems where new products are installed or replaced in existing buildings, and for which a permit must be obtained. Such systems shall meet the minimum efficiencies allowed for that system on Form 400CD for commercial buildings and on Form 600C for residential buildings.
1.	Heating, ventilating or air conditioning systems;
2.	Service water or pool heating systems;
3.	Electrical systems and motors;
4.	Lighting systems.
Exceptions: 
1.	Where part of a functional unit is repaired or replaced. For example, replacement of an entire HVAC system is not required because a new compressor or other part does not meet code when installed with an older system.
2.	Where existing components are utilized with a replacement system, such as air distribution system ducts or electrical wiring for lights, such components or controls need not meet code if meeting code would require that component’s replacement.
3.	Replacement equipment that would require extensive revisions to other systems, equipment or elements of a building where such replacement is a like-for-like replacement, such as through-the-wall condensing units and PTACs, chillers, and cooling towers in confined spaces.
4.	HVAC equipment sizing calculations are not required for systems installed in existing buildings not meeting the definition of renovation in Section 202.

SECTION 102 
MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT

102.1 Efficiency and Maintenance Information.  An operating and maintenance manual shall be provided to the building owner for all commercial buildings.  The manual shall include basic data relating to the design, operation and maintenance of HVAC systems and equipment.  Required routine maintenance actions shall be clearly identified.  Where applicable, HVAC controls information such as diagrams, schematics, control sequence descriptions, and maintenance and calibration information shall be included.  Operations manuals shall be available for inspection by the building official upon request. See Section 413.1.ABC.2.2.

102.2 Alternate Materials - Method of Construction, Design or Insulating Systems.  The provisions of this code are not intended to prevent the use of any material, method of construction, design or insulating system not specifically prescribed herein, provided that such construction, design, or insulating system has been approved by the Building Official and the Florida Building Commission as meeting the intent of the code.  This clause shall not allow disregard of any provision(s) of the code by building departments, nor shall it prevent uniform statewide implementation of the Code as required by Florida law (Section 553.901, Florida Statutes).

102.3 Air Conditioners Sold or Installed in Florida.  All air conditioners installed in new or renovated buildings in the State of Florida shall comply with requirements set forth in Sub-chapters 4 or 6, as applicable.

SECTION 103
 CODE COMPLIANCE AND PERMITTING

103.0 General. Code compliance for all buildings shall be certified by use of approved forms for the compliance method chosen that are specific to the climate zone in which the building will be located. (See Figure 1-1.)  

The only software approved for determining compliance with this code shall be the software developed and maintained by the Florida Building Commission or its designated representative.

Worst case calculations may be submitted for identical buildings facing different cardinal directions; however, original code certification signatures shall be provided for each building.

103.1 Certification of Compliance.  Code compliance for non-residential and multifamily residential applications (except for duplexes, townhouses, or other buildings identified in Sections 481.229 and 471.003, Florida Statutes) shall be certified by the owner, project architect (registered in the State of Florida), or other officially designated agent allowed in Section 103.2.

103.1.1 Code Compliance Preparation. The person preparing the compliance calculation shall certify that the plans and specifications covered by the calculation, or amendments thereto, are in compliance with Chapter 13 of the Florida Building Code. 

103.1.1.1 Commercial Applications

Completion of procedures demonstrating compliance with this code for commercial buildings shall be signed and sealed by an architect or engineer licensed to practice in the State of Florida, with the exception of buildings excluded by Section 481.229, Florida Statutes, or Section 471.003, Florida Statutes.  Calculations for buildings falling within the exception of Section 471.003, Florida Statutes, may be performed by air conditioning or mechanical contractors licensed in accordance with Chapter 489, Florida Statutes, or by State of Florida certified commercial building energy raters  

Design professionals responsible under Florida law for the design of lighting, electrical, mechanical, and plumbing systems and the building shell, shall certify compliance of those building systems with the Code by signing and providing their professional registration number on the Energy Code form provided as part of the plans and specifications to the Building Department.
Exception:  Typed names and registration numbers may be provided in lieu of a signature where all relevant information has been included on signed and sealed plans.

103.1.1.2 Residential Applications

103.1.1.2.1 Single-Family Residential, Duplexes, Townhouses. No license or registration is required to prepare the Code compliance form for single-family residential dwellings, duplexes and townhouses.  

103.1.1.2.2 Multifamily Residential. Form preparation for multifamily dwellings except duplexes and townhouses shall be signed and sealed by an architect or engineer registered in the State of Florida, with the exception of buildings excluded by Section 481.229, Florida Statutes, or Section 471.003, Florida Statutes.  Calculations for buildings falling within the exception of Section 471.003, Florida Statutes, may be performed by air conditioning or mechanical contractors licensed in accordance with Chapter 489, Florida Statutes, by State of Florida certified commercial building energy raters.

103.1.2 Code Compliance Certification.  The building's owner, the owner's architect, or other authorized agent legally designated by the owner shall certify that the building is in compliance with the code, as per Section 553.907, Florida Statutes, prior to receiving the permit to begin construction or renovation. 

If, during the building's construction or renovation, alterations are made in the building's design or in materials or equipment installed in the building which would diminish it's energy performance, an amended copy of the compliance certification shall be submitted to the building official on or before the date of final inspection by the building owner or his/her legally authorized agent.

103.2 Details, Plans and Specifications.  Plans and specifications shall be submitted with each application for a building permit.  Energy code calculations shall be made a part of the plans and specifications of the building.  The Building Official shall require, subject to the exceptions in Section 481.229, Florida Statutes, and Section 471.003, Florida Statutes, that plans and specifications be prepared by an engineer or architect licensed to practice in the State of Florida.  The plans and specifications, including the energy code calculations, shall show, in sufficient detail, all pertinent data and features of the building and the equipment and systems as herein governed including, but not limited to:  design criteria, exterior envelope component materials, U values of the envelope systems, R-values of insulating materials, size and type of apparatus and equipment, equipment and systems controls and other pertinent data to indicate conformance with the requirements of the code.

103.3 Building Permits.  Prior to receiving the permit to begin construction or renovation, owners, or an agent duly designated by the owner, of all buildings shall certify energy code compliance to the designated local enforcement agency.  If, during the building construction or renovation, alterations are made in the design, materials, or equipment which would diminish the energy performance of the building, an amended copy of the compliance certifications shall be submitted to the local enforcement agency on or before the date of final inspection by the building owner or his agent.

Building officials or their officially designated representatives shall assure that the compliance forms are complete and without gross errors.

SECTION 104 
INSPECTIONS

104.1 General.  All construction or work for which a permit is required shall be subject to inspection by the building official or his/her officially designated representative.

104.2 Approvals Required.  No work shall be done on any part of the building or structure beyond the point indicated in each successive inspection without first obtaining the written approval of the building official.  No construction shall be concealed without inspection approval.

104.3 Inspections Required. There shall be a final inspection for Code compliance on all buildings when completed and ready for occupancy. 

104.4 Information Cards Required.
104.4.1 Energy Performance Level (EPL) Display Card.  The building official shall require that an Energy Performance Level Display Card be completed and certified by the builder to be accurate and correct before final approval of the building for occupancy.  Florida law (Section 553.9085) requires the EPL Display Card to be included as an addendum to each sales contract executed after January 1, 1994, for both presold and non-presold residential buildings.

The Energy Performance Level (EPL) Display Card contains information indicating the energy performance level and efficiencies of components installed in a dwelling unit.  The building official shall verify that the EPL Display Card completed and signed by the builder accurately reflects the plans and specifications submitted to demonstrate code compliance for the building.

104.4.2 HVAC Efficiency Card.  The building official shall require that a completed HVAC Efficiency Card signed by a representative of the heating and cooling equipment contractor be posted in a prominent location on the cabinet of the indoor air handler or furnace of each heating or heating and cooling system installed in the building at the time of installation.  Where single package units are installed, the card shall be posted on the unit itself.  The card shall be durable, readable and shall contain the following information:
1. Manufacturer's name(s);
2. Brand name(s);
3. Model numbers of the furnace, compressor unit, and air handler (and evaporator coil, if the air handler can be equipped with more than one coil) for each system installed;
4. Efficiency ratings of the combined equipment for each system actually installed;
5. Name and address of the heating and or cooling company installing the equipment;
6. Signature line and date line, preceded by the statement "With the authorization of the installing contractor I certify that the information entered on this card accurately represents the system installed."
7. Signature line and date line, preceded by the statement "As the Building Official or the representative of the Building Official I certify that the information entered on this card accurately represents the system installed."
Exceptions:  
1. If the information required above has been previously submitted and is included on the plans required at the building site, the HVAC Efficiency Card need not be provided.  However, the plans shall be signed by a representative of the heating and cooling company installing the equipment and shall be available for inspection by building inspectors and by prospective buyers until the time of title transfer.
2. The Federal Trade Commission's Energy Guide Label may be used to fulfill this requirement.

104.4.3 Insulation Certification Card.  In cases where the R-value of insulation installed in either walls, ceilings or floors is not readily apparent, the local building official shall require that an R-Value Certification Card signed by the insulation contractor be posted in a prominent location at the time of installation.  The card shall contain, at a minimum, the following information:
1.	Insulation manufacturer's name;
2.	Insulation type;
3.	R-value of insulation installed;
4.	Thickness of insulation installed;
5.	Location of insulation installed;
6.	Indication that the installation has been checked and does not block attic ventilation.
7.	Name and address of the contractor installing the insulation;
8.	Date of installation.

104.4.4 Energy Guide Labels.  Energy Guide Labels required by the U.S. Federal Trade Commission for heating and cooling systems, water heaters and other appliances covered by federal law shall remain on those appliances until time of title transfer.

104.4.5 Fenestration Energy Rating Labels. Energy performance values (i.e. U-factor, Solar Heat Gain Coefficient) of fenestration products (i.e. windows, doors and skylights) shall be determined y an accredited, independent laboratory and labeled and certified by the manufacturer. Such certified and labeled fenestration energy ratings shall be accepted for the purposes of determining compliance with the building envelope requirements of this code.

Where the specified energy performance (U-factor or Solar Heat Gain Coefficient) of the fenestration product is not labeled nor readily apparent, the default procedures outlined in Tables B-6, B-7 and B-8 of Appendix B, Section 2.1 for U-factor and Section 3-1 for SHGC (specifically, the default values in Tables 4B-1, 4B-2 and 4B-5) shall be used to determine code compliance for commercial applications and in Section 601.1.ABC.1 for residential applications. Product features must be verifiable for the product to qualify for the default value associated with those features. Where the existence of a particular feature cannot be determined with reasonable certainty, the product shall not receive credit for that feature. Where a composite of materials from two different product types are used, the product shall be assigned the worst value. 

U-factors (thermal transmittances) of fenestration products (windows, doors and skylights) shall be determined by an accredited, independent laboratory in accordance with National Fenestration Rating Council 100: Procedure for Determining Fenestration Product U-Factors. The Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) for glazed fenestration products (windows, glazed doors and skylights) shall be determined in accordance with National Fenestration Rating Council 200: Procedure for Determining Fenestration Product Solar Heat Gain Coefficients at Normal Incidence. 

SECTION 105 
REPORTING

105.0 Reporting to the Department of Community Affairs.  

A reporting form shall be submitted to the local building department by the owner or owner's agent with the submittal certifying compliance with this code.  Reporting forms shall be a copy of the front page of the form applicable for the code chapter under which compliance is demonstrated.

105.1 Reporting Schedule.  It shall be the responsibility of the local building official to forward the reporting section of the proper form to the Department of Community Affairs on a quarterly basis as per the reporting schedule in Table 105.1 1-1.

TABLE 105.1 1-1
REPORTING SCHEDULE

	Group I*	Group II*	Group III*	
Quarter 1	12/31	1/31	2/28	
Quarter 2	3/31	4/30	5/31	
Quarter 3	6/30	7/31	8/31	
Quarter 4	9/30	10/31	11/30	
*See Appendix A of this chapter for Group designations.

105.2 Jurisdiction Numbers.  For data collection purposes, all permitting jurisdictions in the State of Florida have been assigned a six digit jurisdiction number. The jurisdiction number is required on all energy code forms.  Jurisdiction numbers are listed by county in Appendix A.

SECTION 106 
VALIDITY

106.0 Validity.  If any section, subsection, sentence, clause, or phrase of this code is, for any reason, held to be invalid for any reason, such decision shall not affect the validity of the remaining portions of this code.